332 ( ) 12 1,, (Peng,2004) Peng (2004) 20 90,, Peng,,, Peng,, (CGSS2005) ,,, ;,,Peng (2004) ;,,,, : ; ; ;,,, ; ; Peng (2004), 1, (2003), (2000
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1 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12,No.1 October,2012 * (CGSS2005) , : (1) (2),, (3),,,,,, (,1991;,1992;,2000), (Tsai,2007;,2011) (,2010) (Thurston,1998;,2001;,1998;, 2004) (,2009),,,, *, ;, :,,100872; : , rrp34@pku.edu.cn ( : ) ( : ) ( : ), ( :08&ZD032) ( : ),
2 332 ( ) 12 1,, (Peng,2004) Peng (2004) 20 90,, Peng,,, Peng,, (CGSS2005) ,,, ;,,Peng (2004) ;,,,, : ; ; ;,,, ; ; Peng (2004), 1, (2003), (2000) (2008) (2006) (2003)
3 1 : 333,,,,,,,, (,1998;,1995),,,, (Fafchampsand Lund,2003;Fafchampsand Gu- bert,2007) (,2011) (Zhao,2003;Zhangand Li,2003) (, 2009),, (Bian,1997), (Mortensenetal.,1994;Campbeletal., 1986) (Grootaert,1999;Narayanetal.,1999), (,2010), Fafchampsand Lund (2003),, (2007),,,, (2010), ; (2007), (2011),,Tsai (2007), ; (2011),,, (Peng,2004),
4 334 ( ) 12,,, Peng (2004) Peng (2004),,,, 20 90,Peng, Peng, ;,Peng ;,Peng, (2007),,, (2010),,,,, (Peng,2004) ;, ;, 2,, Fukuyama (1995),, 2, (Habyarimanaetal.,2007)
5 1 : 335 Danielsand Ruhr (2010),Smidt (1999),Putnam (1995) , %,, ( KnackandKeefer,1997),,,,,Redding (1993), ; (2010),,,, Fukuyama (1995),,,,, ;,,,,,,,, (2011) (2012),, 3 DanielsandRuhr(2010) (GSS),, Smidt(1999),,, Putnam(1995),,
6 336 ( ) 12,,,,,,,,, H1: H1,,,, (,2011) (,2011) (,2010;,2011;,2010),,,, ;,,,, H2: H2, 2005 (CGSS) 2005 CGSS 28 / / 125, 10372, 6098, 4274,
7 1 : 337, 401, ,,,, 4 To- bit 3.34,, A Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ ( ) ( ) % % % =2; =1; = =0; =1 4,
8 338 ( ) 12 B. ( ) ,5 (1=,5= ) = ;1= = ;1= = ;1= = ;1= = ;1= = ;1= (K) : (S), (D), : K =S D. (1), Peng (2004) (2010);,, Tsai (2007) (2009) (2011), Peng (2004) (2010), Tsai (2007) (2009) (2011),,, 1. ;2., ;3. / (1) Peng (2004),,, : Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ, 5 1=,,5=,
9 1 : 339, ( ) ( ), ( ) : ( ) : NE ij =α+βk ij +γx ij +λj +μ ij, ( 2) i,j NE,K,, Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ X, Peng (2004), ;, ( ) ( ) ( ) λ, μ,, (2) 6,, Tobit 2 (1),,, (, , ) 6,
10 340 ( ) 12 2 :Tobit (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Ⅰ ** *** ** Ⅱ Ⅲ (0.021) (0.023) (0.023) *** (0.022) *** (0.021) * * * (0.567) (0.571) (0.566) (0.564) *** *** *** *** (0.715) (0.757) (0.754) (0.755) ** * (0.869) (0.921) (0.916) (0.915) * (0.944) (0.990) (0.987) (0.990) ** ** ** (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.000) (0.024) (0.024) (0.024) (0.021) (0.021) (0.021) *** *** *** (0.275) (0.274) (0.273) (0.035) (0.035) (0.035) (0.735) (0.730) (0.729) *** *** *** (1.003) (0.999) (0.996) (1.130) (7.262) (7.146) (10.852) (10.935) P R : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
11 1 : 341 (2) Peng (2004),,, ( , ) 7 (3) (5) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ, (2),,, (3),,, 2, ( ), ( ),,,,, 2 (3) (5),, 2 (3) (5), 2,, (,2009) Coleman (1994),,,Peng (2004), 7, (1)
12 342 ( ) 12,,,,,,, (,2000), :, ;,,,,, (,1988;, 2000; 烺,1990) (1988),,, 烺 (1990),, :, (2007),,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ), 2; ( ), 1; ( ), 0,, 3 Tobit,, 5%
13 1 : : Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ ** ** ** (0.130) (0.098) (0.103) *** *** *** (3.752) (3.989) (4.191) : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1;,, 3 ( ) ; 2 (3) (5) ( ),,, (3) : T ij =α+φk ij +γx ij +υj +ξ ij, ( 3) i,j T,, 0, 1 ( ) K j X, υ, ξ 4 Probit,,,,,,
14 344 ( ) 12 4 :Probit Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ * * * (0.014) (0.020) (0.027) (0.058) (0.058) (0.058) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.190) (0.190) (0.190) (0.093) (0.093) (0.093) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.109) (0.109) (0.110) (0.033) (0.033) (0.034) * * * (1.393) (2.114) (2.928) : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 ( ),,,, 8,,, < ;, 1,,,,,,, 2 (3) (5),, 8, 2,,,,
15 1 : 345 Tobit : NE ij =α+βk ij +δk ij D ij +φd ij +γx ij +λj +μ ij, ( 4) D ( ) ( ) K, Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ ( (2)) 5 5,, 1%, Ⅰ,,, ; Ⅱ Ⅲ,,,,,, 5 :Tobit Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) *** *** *** *** *** (0.093) (0.046) (0.034) (0.038) (0.031) (0.034) * * (0.013) (0.023) (0.022) *** *** *** (0.712) (1.514) (1.790) *** *** ** (0.028) (0.023) (0.021) *** *** *** (1.389) (1.622) (1.751) : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p <0.1; 2 (3) (5) ( ) Peng (2004) 20 90,,
16 346 ( ) 12, (Peng,2004),, (NeeandSu,1996;,2005;,1999a,1999b; LinandChen,1999;,2005,,2000) Peng (2004),,, NeeandSu (1996),, NeeandSu (1996), (2005), (1999),, ;,,, (,2000;,2005;,2011),, (,2000),, (2011),,,, Peng (2004) 90, Peng (5) : G ij =α+βe ij +δe ij K ij +φk ij +γx ij +υj +ξ ij, ( 5) G E (3) (Glaeser,2005),,,
17 1 : OLS 9,,,,,,,, 6, Peng (2004), Peng 90,,, 2005,, 6 :OLS (1) (2) (3) (4) *** (0.096) (0.096) (0.095) (0.094) Ⅰ *** *** (0.001) (0.002) (0.001) (0.002) Ⅰ (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) (0.036) (0.034) (0.035) (0.034) ** (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) (0.001) *** ** *** ** (0.064) (0.113) (0.064) (0.112) (0.058) (0.055) (0.057) (0.054) ** *** (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.066) (0.064) (0.065) (0.063) ** ** (0.019) (0.020) (0.019) (0.020) R : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 9 Ⅰ, Ⅱ Ⅲ,,
18 348 ( ) 12,, Peng (2004) Peng 20 90, , , (2010) 1978, % 1, Peng (2004),,,,,, Peng,, 1 : (2010) Peng (2004) + -,,,,, (2007), %, 1%
19 1 : 349, ( (2)), 2, Ⅰ %; Ⅱ %, Ⅱ 2 :, ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
20 350 ( ) 12 10%, ; Ⅲ, %, 5%,, ( (2)) 7 Tobit,,,, Ⅱ Ⅲ 10%, Ⅱ Ⅲ 7 :Tobit Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ (0.031) (0.029) (0.028) * * (0.046) (0.044) (0.041) (4.588) (5.224) (5.454) : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p <0.1; 2 (3) (5) ; Tobit,, ( ) Peng (2004),,Peng (2004) CGSS2005 ( (2)) 8 8,
21 1 : 351, Ⅰ Ⅱ 10%, Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 5%, 8, Ⅰ 44.74%, Ⅱ 80.65%, Ⅲ 125% 8 :Tobit Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ * * ** ** ** (0.021) (0.018) (0.017) (0.024) (0.023) (0.022) : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1; 2 (3) (5) ; Tobit,,, (,2005;,2005;,2000),, ( ) Peng (2004) 8,, ( ),, ( ) 9 9,,
22 352 ( ) 12 9 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ (0.034) (0.028) (0.025) (0.032) (0.031) (0.029) ** ** (0.044) (0.037) (0.034) (0.048) (0.047) (0.043) *** *** ** (3.993) (4.374) (4.527) (4.843) (5.553) (5.781) : ; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1; 2 (3) (5) ; Tobit,,,,, (2011),,,,, CGSS ,, Peng (2004) 20 90,,,,,,,,,, (2007) Knack
23 1 : 353 andkeefer (1997) (2007), Knackand Keefer (1997),, Peng (2004) Peng (2004), Peng (2004) Peng 20 90, 21, 123%,,,, ;,,,, Peng (2004) (2010), Tsai (2007) (2009) (2011),,,,,,,,, [1] Bian,Y., BringingStrongTiesBackin:IndirectTies,NetworkBridges,andJobSearchesin China,American SociologicalReview,1997,62(3), [2] Campbel,K.,P.Marsden,andJ.Hurlbert, SocialResourcesandSocioeconomicStatus,So- cial Networks,1986,8(1),
24 354 ( ) 12 [3] Coleman,J., A RationalChoicePerspectiveon EconomicSociology,inSmelser,N.,and R. Swedberg(Eds.),The Handbookof EconomicSociology.Princeton N.J.:Princeton University Press,1994. [4],,,2009 3, [5],,,2000 1, [6] Daniels,J.,and M.vonderRuhr, Trustin Others:DoesReligion Mater Review of Social Economy,2010,68(2), [7] Fafchamps,M.,andF.Gubert, TheFormationofRiskSharingNetworks,Journalof Devel- opmenteconomics,2007,83(2), [8] Fafchamps,M.,andS.Lund, Risk-sharingNetworksinRuralPhilippines,Journalof Devel- opmenteconomics,2003,71(2), [9] Fukuyama,F.,Trust:SocialVirtuesandtheCreationof Prosperity.TheFreePress,1995. [10], 2006, :,2007 [11], :,1998 [12], :,2000 [13]Glaeser,E., ThePoliticalEconomyofHatred, Quarterly Journalof Economics,2005,120(1), [14]Grootaert,C., SocialCapital,Household WelfareandPovertyinIndonesia,WorldBankPolicy Research WorkingPaperNo.2148,1999. [15], :,1988 [16]Habyarimana,J.,M.Humphreys,D.Posner,andJ.Weinstein, Why DoesEthnicDiversity UnderminePublic Goods Provision,American Political Science Review,2007,101(04), vestigation,quarterly Journalof Economics,1997,112(4), [19],,, , [20]Lin,N.,andC.Chen,LocalElitesasOfficialsand Owners:Shareholding and Property Right in Daqiuzhuang,Property Rightsand Economic Reform in China.Stanford:StanfordUniversity Press,1999. [21],,,2007 2, bour Economics,1994,1(2), [26]Narayan,D.,andL.Pritchet, CentsandSociability:HouseholdIncomeandSocialCapitalin RuralTanzania,Economic Developmentand CulturalChange,1999,47(4), [17],,,2008 5, 6 8 [18]Knack,S.,andP.Keefer, DoesSocialCapitalHaveanEconomicPayof A Cross-CountryIn [22],,,1998 2, [23],,,1999 4, [24],,,2011 3, [25]Mortensen,D.,andT.Vishwanath, PersonalContactsandEarnings:ItisWhoYouKnow La- [27]Nee,V.,andS.Su, Institutions,SocialTies,andCommitmentinChina scorporatisttransfor- mation,in McMilan,J.,andB.Naughton(Eds.),Reforming Asiansocialism:Thegrowthof marketinstitutions.michigan:universityofmichiganpress,1996,
25 1 : 355 [28]Peng,Y., KinshipNetworksandEntrepreneursinChina stransitionaleconomy,the Ameri- can Journalof Sociology,2004,109(5), [29]Putnam,R., BowlingAlone:America sdecliningsocialcapital,journalof Democracy,1995, 6(1), [30], :,,2009 1, [31]Redding,S.,Thespiritof Chinesecapitalism.WalterdeGruyter,1993. can Academyof Politicaland SocialScience,1999,565(1), [35],,,2011 1, [36], :,,2003 4, [37]Thurston,A.,Muddlingtoward Democracy:PoliticalChangein GrassrootsChina.Washington, DC:UnitedStatesInstituteofPeace,1998. [38]Tsai,L., SolidaryGroups,InformalAccountability,andLocalPublicGoodsProvisioninRural China,American PoliticalScience Review,2007,101(02), [39], :,,2003 7, [40], :,,2006 8, [41],,,2010 3, [42], : 硏 :,2001 [43], :,1992 [44] 烺, :,1990 [45],,,2000 5, [46]Zhang,X.,andG.Li, DoesGuanxiMatertoNonfarm Employment Journalof Comparative Economics,2003,31(2), [32],,,2011 4, [33],,,2010 6, [34]Smidt,C., ReligionandCivicEngagement:A ComparativeAnalysis,The Annalsofthe Ameri- [47]Zhao,Y., TheRoleofMigrantNetworksinLaborMigration:TheCaseofChina,Contempora- ry Economic Policy,2003,21(4), [48], : ,,2010 4, [49],, ( ),2007 2, [50],,,2004 1, [51],,,2009 3, [52],, ( ),2010 1,
26 356 ( ) 12 [53],,,2005 4, 1 43 [54],,,1995 3, [55], :,,2011 6, [56], :,,2012 1, [57],, ( ),2010 3, [58], :,,2005 2, 1 31 [59],, ( ), , [60], :,2000 [61], :,1991 KinshipNetworksandRuralEnterprisesinthe ProcessofMarketLiberalization RONGPING RUAN (Schoolof AgriculturalEconomicsand Rural Development, Renmin Universityof China;NationalSchoolof Development,Peking University) FENGTIAN ZHENG (Schoolof AgriculturalEconomicsand Rural Development, Renmin Universityof China) Abstract Basedonsurveydataof400vilagesand4000householdscolectedbytheChi- nesesocialgeneralsurvey(cgss),thispaperstudiestheefectsofkinshipnetworksonthe developmentofruralenterprises,itsdynamicsanditschangesintheprocessofmarketliber- alization.theresultsshowthat(1)kinshipnetworkshavenegativeefectsonthedevelop- mentofruralenterprises;(2)withmoremarketliberalization,thelimited-trustrangeefects andlimited-traderangeefectsofruralkinshipnetworksbecomestronger,whiletheirproper- tyrights-protectionefectbecomesweaker;and(3)withmoremarketliberalization,thetotal efectofkinshipnetworksonruralenterpriseschangesfrompositivetonegative. JELClasification D02,D23,R11
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12 2 2013 1 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12No.2 January2013 范子英石慧 * 摘要 1958 : 1959 1960 关键词 一 引 言 1959 1961 (2005) 71% 37.1% (1957 ) (20062007) ;Mengetal.(2010) 1959 * ; : 1037 430074; :18672961981;E-mail:ivannj@163.com
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133 2014 4 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.13,No.3 April,2014 * 16 35, OLS :,, OLS 14%,, 6% OLS,,,,,, 2090,2000 9% (,2004) 1, Mincer OLS, (Card,1999),,,, ( OLS ), ( ) OLS,, ( ), (Ashenfeilter androuse,1998)
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