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1 ( ) ChinaEconomicQuarterly Vol.12No.1 October2012 * ; : GDP %; % 2010 * : ; : ; heqiweiming@163.com : ( : ) ( : ) % 65 7% % 2 (2010/2011)

2 120 ( ) 12 (ModiglianiandBrumberg1954) Romer(1986) Lucas(1988) (Vanzonand Muysken2001) ( 樑 2009) (Laddand Murray2001) (Poterba1998) (Boucekkineetal.2002;Gradstein andkaganovich2004) (EhrlichandLui1991;Bloometal. 2003) (Barroetal. 1995) (Zhanget al.2001;zhangandzhang2005) ( 2006) ( 2008) ( 2010) (BrauningerandVidal2000) (Dormontetal.2006) (KohlandBrien 1998) (PeccheninoandPolard2002) (Lucas1988) (Fougereand Mere te1999)

3 1 : 121 : ; ; : ; ; GlommandRavikumar (1997)ZhangandZhang (2005) Blan- kenauetal.(2007) : ( ) L it w t τ I L c t s t : I L ( 1-τ)w t =c t +s t. (1) (Evangelos2007) s t (1-τ)r t+1 s t r I R : I R c t+1 =s t + (1-τ)r t+1 s t. (2) (1) (2) ρ (01) : U(c t c t+1 )=lnc t +ρ lnc t+1. (3) (1) (2) U(c t c t+1 )

4 122 ( ) 12 s * : t ( ) s * t = ρ 1+ ρ t (1-τ)w t. (4) N i K it L it K t H t h t H t K t Y it : Y it = K ω it ( h tl it ) 1-ω (5) h t= Kβ LH 1-β t. (6) L t ω (01) β (01) : ( ) r it =ωk ω-1 it ( h tl it ) 1-ω (7) w it = (1-ω)K ω ith 1-ω t L -ω it. (8) (Evangelos2007) H E H M t t τ ψ I G : I G τy t = H M t +H E t ( 9) H M t =ψτy t (10) H E t = (1-ψ ) τy t. (11) : τ ψ H t+1 H E t H t (Barro1996) H M t

5 1 : 123 H t+1 H t δt (Schultz1997) Evangelos (2007) : H t+1 =υh E t + (1-δt)H t (12) δt =ε H M t +η. (13) Y t (5) (6) (13) : δt =εψτ+η (14) υ (01) ε<0 η >0 (12) (13) ( ) N : K t+1 =s tn t (15) L t L it =L t = (1-δ)N t. (16) 1 gk gh : gk gh Kt+1 -Kt K t Ht+1 -Ht H t = ρ ( 1-ω)(1-τ) 1+ ρ =υ(1-ψ ) τ Ht -α H t (1-α) -1 (17) -εψτ-η (18) α=ω+β ( 1-ω) (17) (4) (8) (15) (18) (11) (12) (5) (6) (17) (18) gh gk Ht 0 + gh gk g=gh 珟 =gk

6 124 ( ) 12 (17) (18) (Sebnemetal.2000) (WorldBank1993;Rivera andcurrais1999) (17) (18) : gk/ >0 (19) gh/ <0 (20) gk/ τ<0 (21) gh/ τ>0. (22) (19) (20) ; (21) (22) ; ( ) τ ψ Ht K t : ( ) max 珟 g τ ψ Ht Kt : ρ ( 1-ω)(1-τ) 1+ ρ H t = ρ ( 1-ω)(1-τ) 1+ ρ (1-α) τ ψ Ht - (1+λ) ρ ( 1-ω) 1+ ρ H t -1=υ(1-ψ ) τ Ht H t H t (1-α) -α K t (1+λ)(1-α) ρ ( 1-ω)(1-τ) 1+ ρ (26) (25) : - (1+λ) ρ ( 1-ω) 1+ ρ (28) (27) : (1-α) -α -1 (23) -εψτ-η. (24) : -α [ -ε ] =λυ(1-ψ ) Ht ψ ( 25) =- ε υ ( 26) H t H t =λυ(-α)(1-ψ ) τ. (27) =λυ. (28)

7 1 : 125 τ= 1-α 1-αψ (29) τ/ ψ >0. (30) (19) (22) (30) : g/ >0 珟 g/ τ>0 珟 g/ ψ>0; 珟 g/ <0 珟 g/ τ<0 珟 g/ ψ<0 珟 (Evangelos2007) (Evangelos2007) : G it =β 0 + β 1Ait + β 2Fit + β 3Eit + β 4Hit + β5xit +uit. G it A it F it E it H it X it u it ( ) (GDP) GDP ; ( )

8 126 ( ) 12 (AGE) (FIN) (EDU) (HEA) 65 GDP 4 (INV) (STU) 5 Sebnem etal.(2000) (POP) (CON) 1 : 1 GDP (%) GDP GDP (%) FIN (%) HEA (%) EDU (%) AGE (%) POP (%) COM (%) INV (%) STU (%) DEA (%) MIN :GDP 1978 ( ) 1 65 GDP 2 4 ( 2010) 4 5 (2008)

9 1 : GDP 2 GDP

10 128 ( ) ( ) 6 Hausman P 0 GLS Lietal. (2007) (2010) 6 5% Pooled

11 1 : 129 (TSLS) AGE FIN HEA EDU INV STU 1 (GLS) 2 (TSLS) * *** (2.096) (2.455) 3 (GLS) 4 (TSLS) * *** (1.734) (2.214) *** *** (22.352) (12.234) ** (1.987) POP (0.567) CON *** (9.762) *** (12.451) ** (2.231) (1.123) *** *** (-7.87) (-6.784) *** (9.87) 5 (GLS) * (1.693) 6 (TSLS) * (1.838) ** *** (2.221) (2.876) ** (1.983) ** (2.23) 7 (GLS) ** (1.986) * (1.934) * (1.621) 8 (TSLS) ** (2.016) * (1.764) ** (1.901) * * * ** (-1.698) (-1.834) (-1.781) (-2.087) *** (8.998) *** (3.221) (0.564) *** (13.454) *** (2.921) (0.325) *** *** (-7.778) (-4.654) *** *** *** *** *** (8.324) (6.846) (6.683) (7.483) (7.987) R : t *** 1% ** 5% * 10% GLS TSLS GDP TSLS

12 130 ( ) 12 ( ) GDP GDP GMM (GMM) 2 (GMM) 3 (GMM) 4 (GMM) 5 (GMM) 6 (GMM) 7 (GMM) 8 (GMM) AGE * (1.862) * (1.786) * (1.756) * (1.782) DEA ** (-2.146) * (-1.74) * (1.83) * ( FIN ** (2.215) ** (2.327) ** (2.235) ** (2.321) HEA ** (2.12) * (1.783) ** (2.221) * (1.792) EDU ** (-2.21) (-1.343) * (-1.762) (-1.216) INV *** (10.434) *** (10.156) 0.24 *** (10.32) *** (10.613) STU ** (1.947) ** (1.967) *** (2.245) *** (2.642) POP (0.543) (0.568) (-0.782) (-0.453) CON *** *** (-5.453) (-5.421) *** *** (-5.868) (-5.353) *** (13.782) *** (7.82) *** (10.982) *** (12.782) *** (8.972) *** (9.562) *** (6.237) *** (7.566) R : t *** 1% ** 5% * 10% : (POP) : 2 3 (STU)

13 1 : 131 ( ) 4 GMM : 4 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( ) AGE * (1.782) *** ( (0.864) (-0.236) FIN ** (2.235) ** (2.212) 0.21 * (1.875) (-1.072) HEA ** (2.221) ** (1.92) ** (2.098) ** (2.102) EDU * (-1.762) ** (-2.021) (-1.134) * (1.69) INV 0.24 *** (10.32) *** (9.748) *** (6.948) *** (12.347) STU *** (2.245) ** (2.142) ** (2.02) ** (2.125) POP (-0.782) (0.457) (-0.984) (-0.357) CON *** (-5.868) *** (6.237) *** (-3.452) *** (7.32) *** (-4.562) *** (5.681) *** (-4 093) *** (5.832) R : t *** 1% ** 5% * 10%

14 132 ( ) 12 ; : ; ; ; [1] BarroR. N.Mankiwand X.Sala-i-Martin Capital Mobilityin Neoclassical Models of Growth American Economic Review199585(1) [2] BarroR. HealthHumanCapitalandEconomicGrowth PanAmerican HealthOrganization WashingtonDC [3] BlankenauW.N.SimpsonM.Tomljanovich PublicEducation ExpendituresTaxationand Growth:LinkingDatatoTheory American Economic Review200797(2) [4] BloomD.D.CanningandB.Graham LongevityandLifeCycleSavings Scandinavian Jour- nalof Economics (3) [5] Br uningerm.andj.vidal Private VersusPublicFinancingofEducationand Endogenous Growth Journalof Population Economics200013(3)

15 1 : 133 [6] BoucekkineR.D.CroixandO.Licandro VintageHumanCapitalDemographicTrendsand EndogenousGrowth Journalof Economic Theory (2) [7] DormontB.M.GrignonandH.Huber HealthExpenditureGrowth:ReassessingtheThreat ofageing Health Economics200615(9) [8] EhrlichI.andF.Lui IntergenerationalTradeLongevityandEconomicGrowth Journal of PoliticalEconomy199199(5) [9] EvangelosV. OntheMacroeconomicImplicationsofPopulationAgingforHealthandEducation Policies Explorationsin HealthEconomicsPaperiHEA6th WorldCongress2007. [10]FougereM.and M.Merete Population AgingandEconomicGrowthinSevenOECD Coun- tries Economic Modeling199916(1) [11]GlommG.andB.Ravikumar ProductiveGovernmentExpendituresandLong-RunGrowth Journalof Economic Dynamicsand Control199721(1) lic Economics200488(12) tureandthe DemandforPublic Education Economicsof Education Review200120(4) [14] FraumeniB [15]LiH.J.ZhangandJ.Zhang EfectsofLongevityand Dependency RatesonSavingand Growth:EvidencefromaPanelofCrossCountries Journalof DevelopmentEconomics (1) [16] [17] ( ) [18]LucasR. Onthe MechanicsofEconomic Development Journalof Monetary Economics (1)3 42. [19]KohlR.andP.O Brien The MacroeconomicsofAgingPensionsandSavings:A Survey OECDEconomicsDepartmentWorkingPapersParis1998. tationofcross-sectiondata inpost Keynesian Economics.RutgersUniversityPress [12]GradsteinM.and M.Kaganovich AgingPopulationandEducationFinance Journalof Pub- [13]LaddH.andS.Murray IntergenerationalConflictReconsidered:CountyDemographicStruc- [20]ModiglianiF.andR.Brumberg UtilityAnalysisandtheConsumptionFunction:AnInterpre- [21]OsangT.andJ.Sarkar EndogenousMortalityHumanCapitalandEconomicGrowth Jour- nalof Macroeconomics200730(4) [22]PeccheninoR.andP.Polard DependentChildrenandAgedParents:FundingEducationand SocialSecurityinanAgingEconomy Journalof Macroeconomics200224(2) [23]PoterbaJ. DemographicChangeIntergenerationalLinkagesandPublicEducation American Economic Review199888(2) [24]RiveraB.C.Currais IncomeVariationand HealthExpenditure:EvidenceforOECD Coun- tries Review of DevelopmentEconomics19993(3) [25]RomerP. IncreasingReturnsandLong-RunGrowth Journalof PoliticalEconomy (5)

16 134 ( ) 12 [26]SchultzT. AssesingtheProductiveBenefitsofNutritionandHealth:AnIntegratedCapitalAp- proach Journalof Econometrics199777(1) nomicgrowth Journalof DevelopmentEconomics200062(1)1 23. [28]VanzonA.andJ.Muysken HealthandEndogenousGrowth Journalof Health Economics (2) [29] : [30] WorldBank WorldDevelopmentReport:Investmentin Health New York:OxfordUniversity Press1993. [31] 樑 [32] [33]ZhangJ.J.ZhangandR.Lee MortalityDeclineandLong-RunEconomicGrowth Journal of Public Economics200180(3) nomicgrowth:theory and Evidence Scandinavian Journalof Economics (1) AgingEconomicGrowthandFiscalPolicy QIONGZHI LIU QI HE (Wuhan University) [27]SebnemK.E.Harland N.David MortalityDeclineHumanCapitalInvestmentandEco- [34]ZhangJ.andJ.Zhang TheEfectofLifeExpectancyonFertilitySavingSchoolingandEco- Abstract Thispaperextendstheoverlappinggenerationmodeltoanalyzetheimpactof agingoneconomicgrowthandimpliedfiscalpolicytoachievethebalancedgrowth.iftheim- pactofagingoneconomicgrowthispositivewefoundthatthepolicythatachievesthebal- ancedgrowthcanbeimplementedbyincreasingfiscalandhealthsecurityexpenditure.onthe otherhandthebalanced-growthpolicyistoreducefiscalexpenditurewhileincreasepublic educationexpenditure.subsequentempiricalstudyconfirmsthetheoreticalconclusionand showsthattheimpactofagingonchineseeconomicgrowthisturningfrompositivetonega- tive. JELClasification H53C51C61

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