Microsoft Word - 文書 16

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研究論文 20184280 * 1 1 1 2 2) Investigation on Visual Deformation and Surface Texture Manipulation with Projection-based Mixed Reality for Car Interior Design Takuro Takezawa Daisuke Iwai Kosuke Sato

1 研究論文 * ) Investigation on Visual Deformation and Surface Texture Manipulation with Projection-based Mixed Reality for Car Interior Design Takuro Takezawa Daisuke Iwai Kosuke Sato Toshihiro Hara Kenji Murase Basically, there are two parts in car interior design, one of which is shape design. The first procedure of drawing 2D sketch, constructing 3D data and creating mockups is iterated until the final design is decided, which takes lots of time and cost. The subsequent part is surface texture design, where designers compare every texture sample to decide the texture to be used in the final design. It is hard to exchange the texture on the interested mockups to evaluate the whole impression. In order to solve these problems practically, this paper proposes a novel system MOrse with projection-based mixed reality technology, which enables visual deformation and texture manipulation simultaneously. Two subjective experiments verified the degree of perceived deformation for character lines and subtle continuous and discontinuous surface deformation and confirmed with and without ambient light on-the-fly change of the impression of the surface texture in several terms such as roughness and colorfulness. The result implies the usability of the proposed system as an interior design support system under certain conditions in which validation of discontinuous deformation is used with its validation around 10mm and roughness or colorfulness is manipulated. KEY WORDS: vehicle development, design, exterior/interior, tool/design modeling (B2) 1 CAD VR: Virtual RealityMR: Mixed Reality HMD Head Mounted Display IPD: Immersive Projection DisplayVR MR MR 1 * ) ) () (a) Projection target (b) Appearance with projection Fig.1 Visual deformation (1) 599

HMD VR VR IPD MR MR 2 2 3DCG MOrse: MOrph Realistic

2 System configuration of proposed system MOrse 2.

2 HMD VR VR IPD MR MR 2 2 3DCG MOrse: MOrph Realistic Seamless Environment Fig.2 System configuration of proposed system MOrse (a) Physical setup (b) Driver s view Fig.3 Constructed System L 1 L 2 Fig.4 Outline of 2-pass rendering 3 (a) 3 (b) pass (2) 2-pass MOrse 2-pass 5 5 (a) (b) (c) (a) No deformation (b) Cubic deformation (c) Gaussian deformation Fig.5 Appearance of dashboard with projection (Contrast adjusted) 600

3 2 3.1 3 2 1. DPD (Degree of Perceived Deformation) 2 (a) (b) 2. 3. 1(a) DPD 1(b) 2 3 3.2. 2 2-pass 3DCG Unity 1 6 6 11 7 4 23.3±0.

40 GHz RAM 64GB Projector Model Number BenQ TH682ST Projection Method DLP Resolution 1270 1024 Luminance 3000lm Contrast 10000:1 Software 3DCG Engine Unity 5.

3 DPD (Degree of Perceived Deformation) 2 (a) (b) (a) DPD 1(b) pass 3DCG Unity ±0.96 Table 1 Specification of equipment Type Item Detail PC OS Windows 10 Pro CPU Intel Core 3.40GHz 3.40 GHz RAM 64GB Projector Model Number BenQ TH682ST Projection Method DLP Resolution Luminance 3000lm Contrast 10000:1 Software 3DCG Engine Unity 5.5.0f3 Personal Fig.6 Experiment configuration 3.3 DPD (1) 7 (1) (1) =-15, -10, 5, 5, 10, 15mm 6 =(1.25, 200) 8 =-10mm Fig.7 The cross section of Gaussian deformation Fig.8 Projection result of Gaussian deformation (=-10mm) DPD

-5.0mm -15mm 5.0mm 5.0mm 15mm 5.0mm 3.3.3 DPD 9 +5.015mm- -5.

05fisher LSD: Least Significant Difference 10mm 15mm 5.65 3.4.

9 DPD and standard error of character line +10mm +15mm -10mm

4 -5.0mm -15mm 5.0mm 5.0mm 15mm 5.0mm DPD mm mm + F(2,10)=3.57, p<0.05fisher LSD: Least Significant Difference 10mm 15mm (2) 10 (2) Fig.9 DPD and standard error of character line +10mm +15mm -10mm -15mm +10mm +15mm 10mm 10mm (3) Fig.10 Cross section of continuous deformation mm DPD (3) otherwise Fig.11 Cross section of discontinuous deformation 602

mm =(1, 1) -30 15 12 Table 2 Adjective pairs used for evaluation

Irregular Colorless - Colorful Smooth - Rough Dry - Wet Cold -

Artificial 3.4.3 DPD 13 2 F(1,10)=7.21, p<0.

deformation without komorebi (c) Continuous deformation with

2 DPD 1 7 7 2 12 SD (Semantic Differential Method) 17 1 7 7 Fig.

5 mm =(1, 1) Table 2 Adjective pairs used for evaluation Matte - Glossy Opaque - Transparent Simple - Complex Regular - Irregular Colorless - Colorful Smooth - Rough Dry - Wet Cold - Warm Soft - Hard Light - Heavy Elastic - Inelastic Natural - Artificial DPD 13 2 F(1,10)=7.21, p<0.05 (a) Continuous deformation without komorebi (b) Discontinuous deformation without komorebi (c) Continuous deformation with komorebi Fig.12 Projection results DPD SD (Semantic Differential Method) Fig.13 DPD and standard error of continuous and discontinuous deformation DPD DPD 2 LSD F(2,20)=5.81p<0.05 LSD - F(2,20)=4.14p<0.05 LSD - 603

6 Fig.14 Evaluation value and standard error by deformation (above: Colorless-Colorful, below: Rough-Smooth) 15 F(1,10)=5.6, p< F(2,10)=3.49, p<0.1 LSD - F (2,20)=8.89, p<0.01 LSD -- DPD Fig.15 Evaluation value and standard error by komorebi (above: Transparent-Opaquel, below: Complex-Simple) DPD -- MR 4 MR MOrse DPD ±10mm MR DPD 5 JSPS JP15H05925 (1) Hisada, Masaru, et al. "Free-form shape design system using stereoscopic projector-hyperreal 2.0." In SICE- ICASE, International Joint Conference. pp IEEE (2006) (2) Raskar, R. et al., The office of the future: A unified approach to image-based modeling and spatially immersive displays In Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp ACM (1998) 604

2 3. 1,,,.,., CAD,,,. : 1) :, 1,,. ; 2) :,, ; 3) :,; 4) : Fig. 1 Flowchart of generation and application of 3D2digital2building 2 :.. 3 : 1) :,

2 3. 1,,,.,., CAD,,,. : 1) :, 1,,. ; 2) :,, ; 3) :,; 4) : Fig. 1 Flowchart of generation and application of 3D2digital2building 2 :.. 3 : 1) :, 3 1 Vol. 3. 1 2008 2 CAA I Transactions on Intelligent Systems Feb. 2008, (,210093) :.,; 3., 3. :; ; ; ; : TP391 :A :167324785 (2008) 0120001208 A system f or automatic generation of 3D building models