, ,,, 10,,, ,, , 10 1 Fig. 1 Geographic location of Jinpendong Paleolithic site,,, 2, 18m, 17m,,,

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1 ACTA ANTHROPOLOGICA SINICA Vol123,No14 Nov., , 1, 1, 1, 1 2, 3, 4, 1, 1 (1., ; 2., ; 3., ; 4., ) : 2001,, 1,, 10 3,, ;,, : ; ; ; ; : K : A : (2004) :, (Out of Africa Hypothe2 [1 sis) 8 ] [10 (Multiregional Evolution Hypothesis) 15 ] [16 24 ],, 2001,,, 10, km ( 1), : ; : : (2001CCA01700) : ( ),,,

2 , ,,, 10,,, ,, , 10 1 Fig. 1 Geographic location of Jinpendong Paleolithic site,,, 2, 18m, 17m,,,

3 4 : , 15 m, 3 m, ( 2) 4 : m 21,,,, ;, 213m 31,,,, 3153m 41,,,, 210m, 012m,,,,, ( ), 1115m 3m 2 Fig. 2 Stratigraphic Section drawing of Jinpendong Paleolithic site 4,1 3, 4,,

4 284 23,,,,,, ,, ( 1) 1 Mammal fossil list of Jinpendong Paleolithic site and comparison with other relevant mammal faunas 1 Primates Macaca robustus sp. sp1 + Procynocephalus sp. + Insectivora Scaptochirus primitivus sp1 + Neomys bohlini + Neomys sinensis + Anourosorex squamipes + + Crocidura sp. + Erinaceus olgai + Sorex sp. + + Blarinella quadraticauda + Chodsigoa youngi + Chiroptera Rhinolophus pleistoceanicus + Miniopteris schrebersi + Ia io + Hipposideros sp. + Myotis myotis + sp1 Pipistrellus sp. + Rodentia Citellus mongolicus Tamias wimani + Tamiops mcclellandi + Petaurista brachyodus + + Cricetinus varians Cricetulus griseus cf. Cricetulus barabensis Allocricetus ehiki + Micromys mimutus Mus musculus + Rattus rattus + + Rattus norvegicus + + Leopoldamys edwardsi + Meriones meridianus + Clethrionomys rofucanus + Alticola sp. +

5 4 : Huananomys variabilis + 1 1? Eothenomys sp. + Eothenomys melanogaster + Eothenomys eva + Eothenomys proditor + Eothenomys inez + Pitymys simplicidens + Microtus brandtioides + + Microtus epiratticeps + +? Microtus sp. + Rhizomys sp. + Myospalax wongi + Myospalax sp. + Myospalax epitingi + Belomys Pearsoni + Apodemus agrarius + Apodemus sylvaticus + cf. + Niviventer excelsior Marmota bobak + Marmota complicidens + Marmota sp1 +? Castor sp. + Trogontherium cuvieri + + Hystrix hodgsoni Lagomorpha Ochotona koslowi + Ochotona sp1 A + Ochotona sp1 B + Lepus wongi sp1 Lepus sp1 A + Lepus sp1 B + Carnivora Canis lupus + Canis lupus variabilis cf. + Canis cyonoides + + Nyctereutes sinensis sp Cuon antiquus sp. + Cuon alpinus + Arctonyx collaris Vulpes vulpes Vulpes corsac Vulpes sp1 + + Ursus thibetanus kokeni Ursus arctos sp1 + + Ursus spelaeus Ailuropoda melanoleuca +? sp1 Meles leucurus + Lutra lutra variabilis + Lutra melina + + cf.

6 Gulo sp1 + Mustela sibirica Mustela sp1 + Pachycrocuta brevirostris Pachycrocuta sinensis + Crocuta crocuta ultima + Megantereon inexpectatus? sp1 + Homotherium ultimus + Homotherium crenatidens Panthera youngi sp1 + Panthera pardus + Panthera tigris Sivapanthera pleistocaenicus + Felis teilhardi + Felis microtis Cynailulus sp1 + Proboscidea Palaeoloxodon namadicus Stegodon orientalis + + sp1 Perissodactyla Dicerorhinus choukoutiensis + Dicerorhinus kirchbergensis + Dicerorhinus hexianensis + Dicerorhinus mercki + sp1 Coelodonta antiquitatis + Tapirus sinensis sp1 + Megatapirus augustus + Equus sanmeniensis sp1 sp1 sp1 + Artiodactyla Sus lydekkeri + sp Sus xiaozhu + Paracamelus gigas + Moschus moschiferus + Hydropotes inermis sp1 + sp1 sp1 Elaphodus cephalophus + Cervus ( Sika) grayi + sp Cervus ( Sika) hortulorum + Cervus elaphus Megaloceros pachyosteus Elaphurus davidianus + Capreolus hexianensis + sp1 sp1 Gazella sp1 + Spirocerus peii + Spirocerus wongi Ovis ammon Ovis sp1 + Ovibovinae gen1 et sp1 indet1 + Bubalus teilhardi + + Bison palaeosinensis sp1 +? Naemorhedus sp1 + Bovinae gen1 et sp1 indet1 + + Caprinae gen1 et sp1 indet : ; : ; sp1 :

7 4 : , ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( 1),,, [21 ] 15,7 ; [24 ] 12 6 ; 1 [25 ] 11,5 ; [22 ] 6 1,,, 1,,,,,, 1,, 1Π3, ( Pachycrocuta brevirostris sinensis),,,, 1,, 1 ( Megaloceros pachyosteus),,,,,,,, 4 10, 4, ; 6,,, 015km,, 4 : 02005,, cm, 616 cm, 516 cm( 3A) 02004,,, 5,, 90, 6 cm, 415 cm, 4 cm( 3B ) ,, 2, cm, 7 cm, 6 cm ( 3C) ,,,, 314 cm, 65 5 cm, 415 cm, 2 cm ( 3D) :, ;, ;,,,

288 23 3 A,A1 : (Scraper,020011) ;B,B1 : (Hammer stone,020005) ; C,C1 :

8 A,A1 : (Scraper,020011) ;B,B1 : (Hammer stone,020005) ; C,C1 : (Core or Broken stone,020004) ;D,D1 : (Chopper with two edges,020012),, ;,,,

9 4 : : ,, [20,21 ] [22 ] [26 ] [24 ],,, : 11, 21,,,, : ( KD202301), : [ 1 ] Cann RL, Stoneking M, Wilson AC. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution [J ]. Nature, 1987, 325 : [ 2 ] Stringer CB, Andrews P. Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans [J ]. Science, 1988, 239 : [ 3 ] Stringer CB. The origin of early modern humans : A comparison of the European and non2european evidence [A]. In : Brguer G, Smith FH eds. Continuity or Replacement? Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution. Rotterdam : Balkema, [ 4 ] Stringer CB. Reconstructing recent human evolution [J ]. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B,1992,337 : [ 5 ] Stringer CB. Current issues in modern human origins [ A]. In :Meikle WE,Howell FC,Jablonski NG eds. Contemporary Issues in Human Evolution. San Francisco,California Academy of Science,1996, [ 6 ] Relethford JH, Harpending HC. Craniometric variation, genetic theory, and modern human origins [J ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1994, 95 : [ 7 ] Lieberman DE. Testing hypotheses about recent human evolution from skulls [J ]. Curr Anthropol, 1995, 36 : [ 8 ] Tishkoff SA, Dietzsch, E, Speed W et al. Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins

10 [J ]. Science, 1996, 271 : [ 9 ] Thorne AG, Wolpoff MH. Regional continuity in Australasian Pleistocene hominid evolution [J ]. AmJ Phys Anthropol, 1981, 55 : [10 ] Lahr MM. The multiregional model of modern human origins : A reassessment of its morphological basis [J ]. J Hum Evol, 1994, 26 : [ 11 ] Wu X. Continuit volutive des homme fossiles chinois [A]. In : Hublin JJ, Tillier AM eds. Aux Origines d Homo sapiens. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1991, [ 12 ] Wolpoff MH. Multiregional evolution : The fossil alternative to Eden [A]. In : Mellars P, Stringer CB eds. The Human Revolution. Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 1989, [13 ] Wolpoff MH, Wu XZ, Thorne AG. Modern Homo sapiens origins : A general theory of hominid evolution involving the fossil evi2 dence from East Asia [A]. In : Smith FH, Spencer F eds. The Origin of Modern Humans : A World Survey of the Fossil Evidence. New York : Alan R. Liss, 1984, [14 ] Wolpoff MH, Spuhler JN, Smith FH et al. Modern human origins [J ]. Science, 1988, 241 : [15 ] Rosas A. Human evolution in the last million years The Atapuerca evidence [J ]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2000, 19 (Supp. ) : [16 ],,,. [M]. :, 1989 : [17 ] Wu X, Poirier FE. Human Evolution in China[M]. New York : Oxford University Press, 1995, [18 ],,. [M]. :, 1999 : [ 19 ] Huang Wei2wen. Greeting Chinese Paleolithic Archaeology in the 21st Century (A Retrospective) [J ]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2000, 19 (Supp. ) : [20 ],,. [J ].,1982, 20 (3) : [21 ],. [M]. :, 2001, [22 ],,,. [J ].,1984, 3 (3) : [23 ] Xu Chunhua, Zhang Yinyun. Human fossils discovered at Chaoxian, Anhui, China[J ]. Human Evolution, 1989, 4 (1) : [24 ]. [A]. :,.. :,2002, [25 ]. [ C]. :,,,. :,1985, [26 ] Jin Changzhu, Dong Wei, Liu Jinyi et al. A preliminary study on the Early Pleistocene deposits and the mammalian fauna from the Renzi Cave, Fanchang, Anhui, China [J ]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2000, 19 (Supp. ) :

11 4 : PREL IMINARY REPORT ON THE 2002 EXCAVATION OF JINPENDONG SITE AT WUHU, ANHUI PROVINCE J IN Chang2zhu 1, DON G Wei 1, GAO Xing 1, LIU Wu 1, LIU Jin2yi 1, ZHEN G Long2ting 2 HAN Li2gang 3, XIE Xiao2cheng 4, CUI Ning 1, ZHAN G Yin2qi 1 (1. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing ; 2. Anhui Museum, Hefei ; 3. Institute of Archaeology, Hefei ; 4. Prefecture Department for Cultural Relics, Wuhu ) Abstract : Within the framework of the program The Late Pleistocene human origin and evolution in China and its environmental background an investigation and excavation were carried out from October 7 th to November 12 th, 2002 at Jinpendong ( N, E), 16km north to Wuhu City in Anhui Province of China. The deposits excavated are cave2fissure fillings and composed of four main layers. The fossil bearing layer is the fourth counted from the top to bottom. More than ten pieces of artifacts and more than three thousands pieces of mammal fossil were collected. The latter can be attributed into 8 orders, 18 families, 23 genera and 27 species. The fauna is closest to that from the Longtandong at Hexian associated with Homo erectus and very similar to that from Huludong at Tangshan also associat2 ed with Homo erectus.judging from the fauna as a whole the age of Jinpendong is suggested to be the late stage of the Middle Pleistocene. The investigation revealed stratigraphic details of the site and clar2 ified the distribution of fossil bearing layers for further excavation. The discovery of the artifacts proves that there were human activities at Wuhu during the Middle. It proves that the karstic cave2fissure de2 posits along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River bear great potential for prehistory research. Key words : Lithic artifacts ; Fauna ; Late mid2pleistocene ; Jinpendong ; Wuhu

Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 Equidae Gray, 1821 Equus Linnaeus, 1758 Equus przewalskii Poliakof, CLM A82324 ( 1), p2 p4 m3 7316mm 8711

Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 Equidae Gray, 1821 Equus Linnaeus, 1758 Equus przewalskii Poliakof, CLM A82324 ( 1), p2 p4 m3 7316mm 8711 28 1 2009 2 ACTA ANTHROPOLOGICA SINICA Vol128,No11 Feb.,2009 1, 2, 1, 1 (11, 100044 ; 21, 110003) : 2007 : ( Equus przewalskii) ( Cervus ( E. ) elaphus ) ( Procapra przewalskii ) ( Spirocerus kiakhtensis)