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泓伴华
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1 第 17 讲省略强调倒装 (1) 这一讲我们先讲英语中省略的问题简单句中的省略 Did Mary learn French at high school? 玛丽在中学学过法语吗? I think(believe, suppose) so. 我想是的 Shall we be late? 我们会不会迟到? I hope not. 我希望不会注意 :I think(believe, suppose) so. 的否定形式可以是 I don t think(believe, suppose) so. 但 I m afraid so. I hope so. 的否定形式则是 I m afraid not. 和 I hope not (2) 并列句中的省略 Oxygen cannot burn, but hydrogen can (burn). 氧不能燃烧, 但氢能燃烧 We tried to help him but (we tried) in vain. 我们想帮助他, 但没有用 My niece sent me a birthday card, and my nephew did too. 侄女送了我一张生日卡, 外甥也送了 He promised to help us with our research work, but he didn t do so. 他答应帮助我们搞研究的, 但实际上并没有除用 do so 外, 还可以用 do that, do it 代替与前句中内容相同的动宾短语 (3) 复合句中的省略 1) 宾语从句中, 连词 that 常被省略 I know (that) he will come. 2) 定语从句中关系代词的省略我知道他会来的 Here is the book (which) he mentioned yesterday. That s all (that) I know. 我知道的就是这些这就是他昨天提到的那本书注意 : 非限制性定语从句中关系代词 (which, whom) 作宾语时不能省略, 介词后面的关系代词也不能省略 This letter is from my younger brother, whom you met last month. 这是我弟弟写给我的信, 上个月你还见过他 Do you know the man from whom we learnt the news? 你认识不认识我们从他那里得到这个消息的人? (4) 3) 在表示时间条件让步等从句中的省略 When (she was) asked to make a speech, she said she would be glad to do so. 请她演讲时, 她说她很乐意讲一讲 1

2 While(I was) reading, I fell asleep. 我一面看着书, 一面就睡着了 Water will be harmful to human life if (it is) polluted. 如果水被污染, 就会对人有害 We won t go unless (we are) invited. 除非受到邀请, 否则我们是不去的 Though (he was) defeated in the election, Lincoln became famous for his speeches against slavery. 尽管林肯落选, 但他却因其反对奴隶制度的演说而出了名 He is honest, though (he is) poor. 他虽然穷, 但很诚实注意 : 上述状语从句的省略有三个条件 : 1 从句的主语和主句的主语一致 ; 2 从句的谓语包含有动词 be; 3 从句中的主语和 be 一起省略 (5) 4) 由连接代词连接副词引导的宾语从句, 常在上下文清楚的情况下省去从句 Tom has gone, but no one knows where (he was gone). 汤姆走了, 但没人知道他到哪里去了 Some one took my dictionary, but I don t know who (took my dictionary). 有人拿了我的辞典, 但我不知道是谁注意 : 要保留连接词 5) 虚拟条件从句中连词 if 的省略 Were they here, they would help us. 如果他们在这里, 他们就会帮助我们的 Had I left earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早些动身, 就赶上了火车 Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 明天万一下雨, 我们怎么办? 注意 : 当 if 省略时, 需用倒装语序 ( 一般疑问句语序 ) (6) 不定式符号 to 后省略动词从句中不定式符号 to 后, 常省略上文提到的不定式, 如 : I went there because I want to(go there). 因为我想去那儿, 所以就去了 He didn t come to the meeting though he promised to(come). 他没来参加会议, 尽管他许诺说要来的 Do you want to come with me? 你想和我一起去么? I d like/love to. 我很想去 (7) 特殊省略句英语中的有些表达方式, 虽以省略形式出现, 实际上已成为习惯用法 Why argue with him? It ll be useless. 干吗跟他争论, 根本没用 Why not ask him to go with us? (=Why don t you ask ) 为何不叫他和我们一起去? What about having a drink? 喝一杯饮料怎么样? How about going to France for our holidays? 我们去法国度假如何? How come you didn t call me last night? 你昨晚怎么没打电话给我? (8) it 构成强调句型 2

3 在以 it 构成的强调句型中,it 本身没有词义, 其基本结构为 : It is/was+ 所强调的部分 +that+ 其他成分如果强调的部分是人也可用 who, 但一般不用 which, 更不能用 when, where 等 It was Edison that/who invented this device. 是爱迪生发明了这个装置 ( 强调主语 ) It is him that/who I know well, not his brother. 他我很熟悉, 而不是他的兄弟 ( 强调宾语用宾格 ) It is only by constant practice that you can learn a foreign language. 只有经常练习, 才能学会一门外语 ( 强调状语 ) It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it. 因为这本书对我的工作很有用我才买它 ( 强调原因状语从句, 但不能用 as, since 引导 ) 注意 : 强调主语时,that 后的谓语动词形式应与被强调的主语在人称数方面保持一致, 被强调的主语是人称代词时, 该代词要用主格如 : It is he that/who is responsible for the accident. 他要对这起事故负责 It is I that/who am going to take the exam. 是我去参加考试 (9) 强调词 it 与 it 作形式主语的判别从句中抽取 it is/was that 三个词后, 剩下的词仍然能组成一个完整的句子时, 便是强调句型, 否则便是用 it 作形式主语的句型试比较 : It was yesterday that I saw her off at the airport. 是昨天我在机场给她送行的 (it 是强调词 ) It was a pity that I couldn t see her off at the airport yesterday. 真遗憾, 昨天我不能在机场给她送行 (it 是先行词 ) (10) 此外,it 引导的强调句不能强调谓语和表语, 因此, 如果是强调句的话,that 之前不可能是动词和形容词增加助动词 do(does, did) 表示强调 Hand in your homework on time. 准时交回家作业 Do hand in your homework on time. 务必准时交回家作业 ( 强调 ) He works very hard. 他工作很努力 He does work very hard. 他的确工作十分努力 Tom made the teacher very angry. 汤姆使老师很是恼火 Tom did make the teacher very angry. 汤姆确实使老师非常恼火注意 : 增加助动词时要考虑人称数时态助动词后必须用动词原形 (11) 强调疑问句的构成强调疑问句主要用来表示赞美愤怒关切等 1) 带有 ever 的强调疑问句 (ever 要与疑问词分开写 ) Who ever made you do it? 究竟是谁让你这么干的? Where ever did he pick that up? 他究竟在哪儿捡到它的? 3

4 What ever did you tell her? 你究竟告诉她什么了? 2) 带有 on earth 的强调疑问句 How on earth did you find out about it? 你到底是怎么发现它的呢? What on earth are you doing here? 你究竟在这里干什么? (12) 含有否定意义的词放在句首时用部分倒装 ( 一般疑问句语序 ) 常见的词有 :never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, little, not 等, 如 : Seldom is he late for school. 他上学很少迟到 Hardly did I think it possible. 我看那几乎不可能 Little did the boy realize that he was in danger. Not a single word did he say. 他一句话也没说那男孩几乎没意识到他处在危险之中 Not until quite recently did I receive a letter from him. 直到最近, 我才收到他的一封信 Nowhere can you find such a nice hotel. 你在哪里都找不到如此好的旅馆 (13) 以关联连词前面一部分开头的句子需用部分倒装英语中常用的关联连词有 :no sooner than ( 一就 ),hardly(scarcely) when ( 一就 ),not only but also( 不仅而且 ) 等 Hardly(scarcely) had he reached the railway station when the train started.(=he had hardly reached the railway station ) 他刚到火车站, 火车就开了 No sooner had the bell rung than the students ran out of the classroom.(=the bell had no sooner rang ) 铃声一响学生们就跑出了教室 Not only was Lu Xun a great writer, but he was also a great thinker. 鲁迅不但是一位伟大的文学家, 而且是一位伟大的思想家注意 : 当以关联连词前面一部分开头时, 整个句子的前半部分需用倒装以 not until 开头, 则整个句子的后半部倒装如 : I didn t leave the classroom until it was dark. Not until it was dark did I leave the classroom. only+ 状语放在句首需部分倒装 Only in this way can we succeed. 只有这样我们才能成功 Only then did I come to know the importance of English. 直到天黑我才离开教室 (14) 只是在那时, 我才逐渐懂得英语的重要性 (15) 完全倒装的几种情况 1) 表示方向的副词置于句首时要完全倒装 4 Down jumped the cat from the tree. 猫从树上跳下来 Out rushed the soldiers. 士兵们冲了出去 2) 作方位状语的介词短语放在句首时要完全倒装 Under the big tree stood a girl. 在那棵大树底下站着一个女孩

5 Before us lay a stretch of grassland. 我们面前是一片草地 (16) 3) 以 here, there, now, then 等副词开头也常用倒装结构 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信 There stands a tower at the top of the hill. 山顶上座落着一座塔 There goes the bell. 铃响了 Then began the meeting. 接着会议开始了注意 : 主语是人称代词时, 主语和谓语的语序不变 ( 不倒装 ) Here we are. 我们到了 There they go. 他们走了 Away he went. 他走了 (17) 5

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit English for Study in Australia 留学澳洲英语讲座 Lesson 3: Make yourself at home 第三课 : 宾至如归 L1 Male: 各位朋友好, 欢迎您收听留学澳洲英语讲座节目, 我是澳大利亚澳洲广播电台的节目主持人陈昊 L1 Female: 各位