Niccoló Longobardo Sabatino de Ursis Antoine Gaubil

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1 Studies in the History of Natural Sciences Vol. 30 No N092 P1-092 A

2 Niccoló Longobardo Sabatino de Ursis Antoine Gaubil

3 Ferdinand Verbiest Jean de Fontaney Joachim Bouvet J. -F. Gerbillon

4 Chin choan Che hia Mss. fr

6 6 30 Tomás Pereira

7 Tycho Brahe

8 8 30 Claudio Filippo Grimaldi Kilian Stumpf Franz Thilisch

9 Christian Wolfgang Herdtrich Antoine Thomas K. Castner I. -G. Pardies Jo o Francisco Cardoso Cordero Teodorico Pedrini Guillaume Fabre Bonjour 1669 / Matteo Ripa Dominique Parrenin Bernard Rodes G. Riccioli

10 parallax Joachim Bouvet Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon

11 L. Gonzaga K. Slavicek Ignaz K gler P. Jartoux

12 J. -F. Foucquet Johannes Kepler Giovanni Domenico Cassini Philippe de la Hire A. Vlacq

13 Relation exacte de ce qui s'est passé Péking par raport l'astronomie européane depuis le mois de juin 1711 jusqu'au commencement de novembre ARSI Jap. Sin. II 154 John W. Witek An Eighteenth-century Frenchman at the Court of the K'ang-Hsi Emperor A Study of the Early Life of Jean Francois Foucquet. Thesis Ph. D. Georgetown University 1973.

14 Riccioli

16 16 30 Prestet Heilbron J L. The Sun in the Church Cathedrals as Solar Observatories M. Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press A.. Z Z Z A Z Golvers N The Astronomia Europaea of Ferdinand Verbiest S. J. Dillingen 1687 Text Translation Notes and Commentaries M. Nettetal Steyler Verlag Z. Chinois Z.. 9 Z

17 J M M J Isabelle Landry-Deron Les le ons de sciences occidentales de l'empereur de Chine Kangxi Texte des Journaux des Pères Bouvet et Gerbillon M. Paris EHESS Halde J-B du Description geographique historique chronologique politique et physique de l'empire de la Chine M. Paris T Z Z A. Z Z Z Z Z J Han Qi. Patronage Scientifique et Carrière Politique Li Guangdi entre Kangxi et Mei Wending J. Etudes Chinoises A. M A. Z Z A Z Z.. 30 Z Witek J W. Sent to Lisbon Paris and Rome Jesuit Envoys of the Kangxi Emperor A. Matteo Ripa e il Collegio dei Cinesi Atti del Colloquio Internazionale Napoli febbraio 1997 C. eds. Michele Fatica and Francesco D'Arelli Napoli A. M J Ripa M. Memoirs of Father Ripa during Thirteen Years' Residence at the Court of Peking in the Service of the Emperor of China M. selected and translated from the Italian by Fortunato Prandi. London A.. M A.. M J A.. C A.. M

18 Rosso A S. Apostolic Legations to China of the Eighteenth Century M. South Pasadena P. D. & Ione Perkins M Z Z A.. M J J Witek J W. Controversial Ideas in China and in Europe A Biography of J. F. Foucquet S. J M. Rome Hashimoto K Jami C. Kepler's laws in China A missing link J. -F. Foucquet's Lifa wenda J. Historia Scientiarum A. C A.. C Science Knowledge and Power Observations of the Shadows of the Sun and the Kangxi Emperor's Role in the Calendrical Reform Han Qi Institute for the History of Natural Sciences CAS Beijing China Abstract Greatly impressed by the conflict between Yang Guangxian and the Jesuit missionaries in the 1660's the Kangxi emperor began to learn Western science. He not only learned mathematical sciences diligently in his spare time but also used it as a tool to control people. As an alien knowledge system European science played a significant role in his political life. Based on two observations of the sun's shadows in 1668 and 1692 this paper tries to explain the reason why the Kangxi emperor began to learn Western science and how he showed off his ability in front of the Han Chinese officials using newly acquired scientific knowledge. Relying on Chinese Manchu and European sources this paper will give a detailed description of the observation of the sun's shadow at summer solstice in 1711 in its social context. This will help to explain why the Kangxi emperor used science as a tool to control European Jesuits and launched the calendrical reform in Key words Kangxi science power Jesuits observations sun's shadows calendrical reform

three regions or three strata 3 Seneca 4 ~ 65 Quaestiones naturales 4 Themon 1349 ~ 1361 Questions on the Four Books of Aristotle's Meteorolo

three regions or three strata 3 Seneca 4 ~ 65 Quaestiones naturales 4 Themon 1349 ~ 1361 Questions on the Four Books of Aristotle's Meteorolo 33 3 2014 259 271 Studies in the History of Natural Sciences Vol. 33 No. 3 2014 100190 N092 P1-092 A 1000-1224 2014 03-0259-13 exhalation vapour smoke 1 2 2014-02-18 2014-09-21 1977 260 33 1 three regions