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1 有效群体大小对蛤仔 F 1 生长和存活影响赵力强, 梁健, 闫喜武, 霍忠明, 杨凤 (, ) 摘要 : 对不同有效群体大小 (N e = ) 的蛤仔 F 1 代生长和存活性状进行了比较结果表明 : 浮游期, 各试验组幼虫壳长均未表现出显著性差异 (P>0.05), 实验组 N e =200 的存活率低于其他各实验组, 并随着日龄的增长, 差异越来越显著 ; 稚贝期, 各实验组的壳长和存活率的变化规律和浮游期基本一致对壳长变异情况分析表明, 浮游期, 随着群体有效含量的增大, 子代开始出现小型个体和大型个体, 壳长分布变异逐渐明显 ; 稚贝期, 各试验组组内壳长变异进一步加剧, 除 N e = 2 试验组稚贝壳长介于 400 μm 和 600 μm 之间外, 其他各试验组均出现明显的小型和大型个体, 表现为有效群体越大, 组内稚贝壳长变异越为明显关键词 : 蛤仔 ; 有效群体大小 ; 生长 ; 存活中图分类号 : Q173; Q32 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) doi: /hykx ,, [1-3],,, (N e ), [4],,, (Crassostrea) [5] (Mercenaria mercenaria) [6] (Argopecten irradiansirradians Lamarck) [7-8],, ,, 360 t, 90%, [9-11],, [12],,,,, F 1, 1 材料与方法 1.1 亲贝来源和选择 ,,, 8,, 1.2 试验设计及处理, 1.. 1,, (.. ) : ; : : (CARS-48) : (1983 ),,,,,, zhaoliqiang@ dlou.edu.cn;,,, yanxiwu@dlou.edu.cn 64 / 2015 / 39 / 1

2 6, N e = 2(.. = 1.. 1) 4(.. = 2.. 2) 8(.. = 4.. 4) 16(.. = 8.. 8) 32(.. = ) (N e = 200) 8 h,,,,, 2.0 L,, 50 μm,,,,,, N e = 2 : 2.0 L,, 70 μm 60 L, 30~50 /ml, ; N e = 4 :,,, 60 L, N e = 2 ; N e = N e = 4 ; : 200,, 1 m 3,, 60 L, 1.3 幼虫稚贝培育和中间育成 23~25 h, D, 60 L, 5~6 /ml, 3 3, (Isochrysis galbana), 4 (Chlorella vulgaris)1.. 1,, /ml /ml 1,,, 40 d,, 40 cm 30 cm,,, 1 mm 3 mm 7 d,, 1.4 取样测量, , 30,, D ;,,,,, 有效群体大小 (N e ) [13] : N e 4 NS N N N S, N S N D 1.6 数据分析, Log [14] 10, ASIN [15] SPSS 17.0, (Turkey HSD), P<0.05; Excel 2 结果 2.1 幼虫生长存活 1,, 1 D ( ) (P>0.05),,, (9 ),, (P>0.05); ( 2),, 1 3 (P>0.05), 6, N e = 200, (P>0.05), 9, N e = %, N e = % 68.7% 72.6% 69.8% 68.5% (P<0.05),, N e = (P>0.05) D D Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 1 /

3 Fig.1 1 The larval growth of different population Fig.3 3 The juvenile growth of different population 2 Fig.2 The larval survival rate of different population 2.2 稚贝生长存活 ,,,,,,,, (P>0.05); 4, N e = 200, (P>0.05), 90,,,, N e = 200, %, (P<0.05), N e = (P>0.05) 4 Fig.4 The juvenile survival rate of different population 2.3 蛤仔壳长变异 (3 9 ) (30 90 ) 5, 3, N e = 2, 110~119 μm 120~129 μm 130~139 μm 23.3% 43.3% 33.4%,, N e = 16,, 6.7%, N e = 32,, 3.3%, N e = 200,,, <110μm 140μm 10%, 110~119 μm 120~129 μm 130~139 μm 20% 33.3% 26.7%; 9, 3 ( 6) 66 / 2015 / 39 / 1

4 5 3 Fig.5 The 3-day shell variation of different population 7 30 Fig.7 The 30-day shell variation of different population 6 9 Fig.6 The 9-day shell variation of different population, 30,, N e = 2 400~600 μm,,,,, N e = % 16.7%( 7); 90,, N e = cm 4.0 cm, N e = , 3.3% 6.7%( 8) 3 讨论 3.1 有效群体大小对选择的影响, 8 90 Fig.8 The 90-day shell variation of different population [6],,,,,,, ( 5~8),,, N e,,,,,, N e,,,,,,, Simonsen [16],, Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 1 /

5 ,,,,,,,,,,, 3.2 有效群体大小对近交的影响,,,,, [17],,,,,,,, (N e ), N e,,, Hedgecock [5-6],, N e 100, 13 N e 50,, F 1, 1 D,,,,, N e = [7], F 2, N e = 1, N e = 2 [8],, F 1,, F 1 F 1,,, N e = 2,, [18-20], F 2 (F 3 F 4 ) 3.3 育种资源保存的适宜有效群体大小 Soule [21], N e 50, 1%, Franklin [22],, 500, 50/500,, Soule Franklin 500,,, N e 5000, ( ), [23] F 1, N e 340,, N e 200,,, N e,,, : [1],,. [J]., 2005, 29(6): [2],,,,. [J]., 2012, 36(8): [3],,,. [J]., 2007, 31(3): [4]. 20 [J]. ( ), 2006, 45(2): [5] Hedgecock D, Sly F. Genetic drift and effective population of hatchery propagated stocks of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas [J]. Aquaculture, 1990, 88: [6] Hedgecock D, Chow V, Waples R S. Effective population numbers of shellfish broodstocks estimated from temporal variance in allelic frequencies [J]. Aquaculture, 1992, 108: [7],,. F 1 [J]., 2005, 27(2): [8] Zhang H B, Liu X, Zhang G F, Zhang G Z. Effects of 68 / 2015 / 39 / 1

6 effective population size (N e ) on the F 2 growth and survival of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck) [J]. Acta Oceanologia Sinica, 2005, 24(4): [9],,,. [J]., 2005, 25(12): [10] Yan X, Zhang G, Yang F. Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture, 2006, 253: [11] Yan X, Zhang G, Yang F. A new three-phase culture method for Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, farming in northern China. Aquaculture, 2006, 258: [12],. [M]. :, [13] Eknath A E, Doyle R W. Effective population size and rate of inbreeding in aquaculture of Indian major carps [J]. Aquaculture, 1990, 85: [14] Neter J, Wasserman W, Kutner M. Applied linear statistical models [M]. Chicago: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 1985: [15] Rohlf F J, Sokal R R. Statistical tables [M]. New York: W H Freemanand Company, 1981: 219. [16] Simonsen V, Kittiwattanawong K. Marine molluscs: Application of molecular markers for estimation of effective population size and gene flow [J]. Phuket marine biological center special publication, 2000, 21: [17],,,,,. (Ruditapes philippinarum) [J]., 2013, 44(3): [18],. [J]., 2008, 32(10): [19],,. F1AFLP [J]., 2007, 31(10): [20],,,,,. [J]., 2010, 34(7): [21] Soule E E. Thresholds for survival: maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential [A]//Soule M E, Wilcox B A. Conservation Biology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 1980: [22] Franklin I R. Evolutionary changes in small populations [A]. Soule M E, Wilcox B A. Conservation Biology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective [C]. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 1980, [23] Qin Y J, Liu X, Zhang H B, Zhang G F. Effect of parental stock size on F 1 genetic structure in bay scallop, Argopecten irradians Lamarck(1819) [J]. Aquaculture Research, 2008, 32: Effects of effective population size on the F 1 growth and survival of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum ZHAO Li-qiang, LIANG Jian, YAN Xi-wu, HUO Zhong-ming, YANG Feng (College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian , China) Received: Feb., 1, 2014 Key words: Ruditapes philippinarum; effective population size; growth; survival Abstract: In this study, the growth and survival were compared among different effective population (N e =2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 200) of the F 1 generation of the Manila clam Ruditape philippinarum. The results showed that the difference was not significant in shell length (P>0.05) at larval stage, although the survival of experimental group (N e =200) was lower than other experimental groups. Moreover, the difference was significant with increasing age. At the juvenile stage, the tendency of growth and survival was the same as that at the larval stage. The results of the variation in shell length showed that the offspring developed into maximization and miniaturization, and the distribution of the shell length was significant. The shell length of experimental group (N e =2) ranged from 400 to 600 μm, however, the other groups exhibited maximization and miniaturization individuals. The results also showed that the larger the effective population size was, the more the variation of the shell length was. ( 本文编辑 : 梁德海 ) Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 1 /

Microsoft Word - 22 栗志民.doc

Microsoft Word - 22 栗志民.doc 44 6 Vol.44, No.6 2013 11 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Nov., 2013 (Argopecten irradians concentricus) * 1 1 2 2 (1. 524025; 2. 524022) 2011 10 2012 4 (Argopecten irradians concentricus),,,,,,,, (P