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1 2016 年 9 月, 23(5): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 长牡蛎壳黑和壳白选育群体生长性状的选择效应王许波, 李琪, 孔令锋, 于瑞海, 于红, 摘要 : (Crassostrea gigas), 5 5,,,, 490, ( )% ( )%, ( )% ( )% ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ),, 关键词 : ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S917 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2016) (Crassostrea gigas),,, t, 33.1% [1],, [2],, [3 4],,,, [5 8],,,, (Pinctadafucata martensis) [9], (Haliotis discushannai) [10], (Patinopecten yessoensis) [11], (uditapes philippinanm) [12] (Argopecten irradians) [13] ,,, [14] ,,,, 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (2014GHY115002); ; (2014GB2B020029). 作者简介 : (1988 ),,,. 4everxubo@gmail.com 通信作者 :,. qili66@ouc.edu.cn

2 , 1 材料和方法 1.1 亲贝来源 , 5 (B1 B5) 5 (W1 W5),, , 1.2 人工受精与产卵孵化 ( : BS1; : WS1)(: BC1; WC1),,,,,,,,, ~ min, m 幼苗培育与采苗 24 h, D, 20 m 3, 5 /ml,, 1 /ml, (Isochrysis galbana) (Chlorella vulgaris), 130 µm (Platymonas sp.), 4~6, 1~2, 1/2, 7~10 d 1, (24 ) (30) 350 µm, 20%~30%, 500,, 养成 3,, (37.3ºN, 122.1ºE), 3~4 m 0.6~0.8 cm, 10~20, 15~ 20 cm, 15~20, 30~40 cm 0.2~0.3 kg, 1.5 采样与生长观测 60 d 120 d 210 d 240 d 300 d 350 d 420 d 490 d, 3, 30, ( 0.01 mm), ( 0.1 g,,, 120 d ) 1.6 选择反应遗传获得与遗传力估测 Hadley [15] Zheng [16] (S)( h ) (GG) S C S X X σ C ; 2 h 2 XS X iσ S C GG % X X 100 XC, X S X C, C, i SPSS 22.0 t, 结果与分析 2.1 亲本选择 1, 5 C C ;

3 5 : ; %, ; family Tab. 1 表 1 长牡蛎壳黑选育群体选择组和对照组亲本信息 Information of the parents of selected and control strains of the black-shell Crassostrea gigas broodstock of control strain /mm family size N f N m ( x SD ) mean shell height broodstock of selected strain truncation N f N m /mm ( x SD ) mean shell height B B B B B total Tab. 2 表 2 长牡蛎壳白选育群体选择组和对照组亲本信息 Information of the parents of selected and control strains of the white-shell Crassostrea gigas broodstock of control strain broodstock of selected strain family /mm /mm family size N f N m ( x SD ) truncation N f N m ( x SD ) mean shell height mean shell height W W W W W total 生长性状的比较 ,, 490, BS1 WS1 ( ) mm ( ) mm, BC1 WC1 ( ) mm ( ) mm; BS1 WS1 ( ) g ( ) g, BC1 WC1 ( ) g ( ) g 2.3 遗传参数 ( ) ( ); ( )% ( )%; ( ) ( )( 5) ( ) ( ); ( )% ( )%; ( ) ( )( 6) 3 讨论,,

4 1102 中国水产科学图1 Fig. 1 本研究选取的长牡蛎壳黑和壳白第四代家系以及被截头选择的亲本(斜纹部分)的壳高分布 Shell height distribution of the black-shell and white-shell Crassostrea gigas families of the fourth generation and parents selected for truncation selection (diagonal stripes) 第 23 卷

5 5 : 1103 表 3 长牡蛎壳黑和壳白选育群体选择组与对照组不同日龄的壳高 Tab. 3 Mean shell height of the selected and control strains of the black-shell and white-shell Crassostrea gigas breeding lines at different ages x SD; mm /d black-shell breeding line age BS1 BC1 white-shell breeding line WS1 WC a a a a a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b : (P< 0.05). Note: different superscript letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05) between two crosses within each breeding line. 表 5 长牡蛎壳黑和壳白选育群体不同日龄壳高的遗传获得选择反应和现实遗传力 Tab. 5 Standardized response to selection (S), current genetic gains (GG) and realized heritability (h 2 ) of shell height from the black-shell and white-shell Crassostrea gigas strains at different ages /d age BS1 /% GG S h 2 WS1 /% GG S h mean SD 表 4 长牡蛎壳黑和壳白选育群体选择组与对照组不同日龄的总重 Tab. 4 Mean total weight of the selected and control strains of the black-shell and white-shell Crassostrea gigas breeding lines at different ages x SD; g /d age black-shell breeding line BS1 BC1 white-shell breeding line WS1 WC ±1.54 a 2.93±1.10 b 3.22±1.67 a 2.85±1.26 b ±4.23 a 7.82±3.92 b 8.36±3.20 a 7.39±3.11 b ±4.43 a 14.93±3.81 b 13.85±6.67 a 12.13±4.08 b ±7.08 a 15.07±5.64 b 20.34±7.52 a 18.32±7.03 b ±7.93 a 23.36±9.40 b 22.82±9.81 a 21.04±9.35 b ±8.54 a 34.61±10.60 b 41.13±7.04 a 36.65±5.81 b ±18.85 a 76.04±20.62 b 84.46±16.98 a 76.44±20.58 b : (P< 0.05). Note: different superscript letters indicate significant difference between two crosses within each breeding line(p<0.05). 表 6 长牡蛎壳黑和壳白选育群体不同日龄总重的遗传获得选择反应和现实遗传力 Tab. 6 Standardized response to selection (S), current genetic gains (GG) and realized heritability (h 2 ) of total weight from the black-shell and white-shell Crassostrea gigas strains at different ages /d age BS1 /% GG S h 2 WS1 /% GG S h mean SD [17],,,, [18], [19 20], [21 24] 5,,,,, (0.545±0.143) (0.625±0.171),

6 (0.297±0.124) (0.377±0.190) 120,,,, [25] % 9.21%, 9.33% 10.50%, 9.83% 9.97%, 10.16% 11.34%,, 10% [26 28] Newkirk [17] (Ostrea edulis),, 8%~38% Nell [29] (Saccostrea commercialis), 4%~17.8% Dégremont [30] OsHV-1, (13.3 kg) (1.2 kg),,, Lannan [31] Hedgecock [32] 0.2 Langdon [33] ~0.50 Evans [34] 34, 0.22~0.54 [35] (EML) 360 ( ) Kong [36],, ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ),,,, 120, 0.2,,,, [35],,, Toro [37] (Ostrea edulis),, 0.9 He [22],,, ( )% ( )%,, 参考文献 : [1] The Fisheries Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture. Statistical Yearbook of China[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, [. [M]. :, 2015.] [2] Wang Q Y. Cell Engineering and Breeding for Marine Aquaculture[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, [, [M]. :, 2007.]

7 5 : 1105 [3] Brake J, Evans F, Langdon C. Evidence for genetic control of pigmentation of shell and mantle edge in selected families of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas[j]. Aquaculture, 2004, 229(1 4): [4] Kang J H, Kang H S, Lee J M, et al. Characterizations of shell and mantle edge pigmentation of a Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Korean Peninsula[J]. Asian Australas J Anim Sci, 2013, 26(12): [5] Zheng H P, Zhang T, Sun Z W, et al. Inheritance of shell colours in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis (Bivalve: Pectinidae)[J]. Aquacult es, 2013, 44(8): [6] Ge J L, Li Q, Yu H, et al. Identification and mapping of a SCA marker linked to a locus involved in shell pigmentation of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)[j]. Aquaculture, 2014, 434: [7] Evans S, Camara M, Langdon C. Heritability of shell pigmentation in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas[j]. Aquaculture, 2009, 286(3 4): [8] Ge J L, Li Q, Yu H, et al. Mendelian inheritance of golden shell color in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[j]. Aquaculture, 2015, 441: [9] Wada K T. Genetics of pearl oyster in relation to aquaculture[j]. Jarq-Jpn Agric es Q, 1994, 28(4): [10] Liu X, Zhang G F, Zhao H E. Selective breeding of Chinese ed strains of abalone Haliotis discushannai[j]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2003, 38(4): 27. [,,. [J]., 2003, 38(4): 27.] [11] Ding J, Chang Y Q, Zhang J, et al. Analysis and evaluation of nutritive composition in Ivory strains and ordinary strains of Mizuhopecten yessoensis[j]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2011, 13(2): [,,,. [J]., 2011, 13(2): ] [12] Yan X W, Zhang G F, Yang F, et al. A comparison of growth and development of Manila clam (ud itapes philippinarum) from two pedigrees[j]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2005, 20(4): [,,,. [J]., 2005, 20(4): ] [13] Xu F, Zheng H P, Zhang H B, et al. Comparison on the larval traits between strain Zhongkehong and common cultured population of bay scallop Argopecten irradians under different temperature[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2008, 32(6): [,,,. [J]., 2008, 32(6): ] [14] Cong H, Li Q, Ge J L, et al. Comparision of phnotypic of four shell color families of the Pacific oyster (Crasseostera gigas)[j]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2014, 21(3): [,,,. 4 [J]., 2014, 21(3): ] [15] Hadley N H, Dillon T, Manzi J J. ealized heritability of growth rate in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria[j]. Aquaculture, 1991, 93(2): [16] Zheng H P, Zhang G F, Liu X A, et al. Sustained response to selection in an introduced population of the hermaphroditic bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck (1819)[J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 255(1 4): [17] Newkirk G, Haley L. Progress in selection for growth rate in the European oyster Ostrea edulis[j]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 1982, 10(1): [18] Gjedrem T. Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture[M]. Dordrecht: Springer, [19] Heffernan P, Walker, Crenshaw Jr J. Negative larval response to selection for increased growth rate in northern quahogs Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)[J]. J Shellfish es, 1991, 10(1): [20] Heffernan P, Walker, Crenshaw Jr J. Embryonic and larval responses to selection for increased rate of growth in adult bay scallops, Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say, 1822)[J]. J Shellfish es, 1992, 11(1): [21] Zheng H P, Zhang G F, Liu X A, et al. Sustained response to selection in an introduced population of the hermaphroditic bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck (1819)[J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 255(1): [22] He M X, Guan Y Y, Yuan T, et al. ealized heritability and response to selection for shell height in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould)[J]. Aquac es, 2008, 39(8): [23] You W W, Ke C H, Luo X, et al. Divergent selection for shell length in two stocks of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor[j]. Aquac es, 2010, 41(6): [24] Liu J Y, Liu Z G. esponse to selection for shell length in the noble scallop, Chlamys nobilis (eeve)[j]. Afr J Biotechnol, 2015, 11(36): [25] Falconer D S, Mackay T F. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics[M]. 4th ed. Pearson Education, [26] Li Q, Wang Q Z, Liu S K, et al. Selection response and realized heritability for growth in three stocks of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[j]. Fish Sci, 2011, 77(4): [27] Wang Q Z, Li Q, Kong L F, et al. esponse to selection for fast growth in the second generation of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)[j]. J Ocean Univ China, 2012, 11(3):

8 [28] Wang Q Z, Li Q, Kong L F, et al. Third generation evaluation of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) breeding lines selected for fast growth[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2013, 37(10): [,,,. [J]., 2013, 37(10): ] [29] Nell J A, Smith I, Sheridan A. Third generation evaluation of Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale and oughley) breeding lines[j]. Aquaculture, 1999, 170(3): [30] Dégremont L, Nourry M, Maurouard E. Mass selection for survival and resistance to OsHV-1 infection in Crassostrea gigas spat in field conditions: response to selection after four generations[j]. Aquaculture, 2015, 446: [31] Lannan J E. Estimating heritability and predicting response to selection for the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas[j]. Proc Natl Shellfish Assoc, 1972, 62: [32] Hedgecock D, Cooper K, Hershberger W. Genetic and environmental components of variance in harvest body size among pedigreed Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas from controlled crosses[j]. J Shellfish es, 1991, 10(2): 516. [33] Langdon C, Evans F, Jacobson D, et al. Yields of cultured Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas Thunberg improved after one generation of selection[j]. Aquaculture, 2003, 220(1 4): [34] Evans S, Langdon C. Direct and indirect responses to selection on individual body weight in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 261(2): [35] Wang Q Z, Li Q, Liu S K, et al. Estimates of genetic parameters for growth-related traits in adult Crassostrea gigas[j]. Jouranal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2012, 19(4): [,,,. [J]., 2012, 19(4): ] [36] Kong N, Li Q, Yu H, et al. Heritability estimates for growth-related traits in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) using a molecular pedigree[j]. Aquacult es, 2015, 46(2): [37] Toro J, Newkirk G. Divergent selection for growth rate in the European oyster Ostrea edulis: esponse to selection and estimation of genetic parameters[j]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 1990, 62(3):

9 5 : 1107 Evaluation of mass selective breeding lines of black-shell and whiteshell Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) for fast growth WANG Xubo, LI Qi, KONG Lingfeng, YU uihai, YU Hong Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China Abstract: Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is the most widely cultured oyster in the world. China produces more than 4.35 million tons of oysters annually. However, nearly all of the oyster broodstock in China remains unselected. This leads to many problems such as low growth rate, high mortality rate, and irregular shell shape. A selective breeding program is an effective way to resolve these problems, and Pacific oyster culturing would undoubtedly benefit from selective breeding for productivity traits such as rapid growth and high yield. Growth-related traits are of particular interest to farmers because of their economic importance. Color polymorphisms are relatively common in marine shellfish including C. gigas, and consumers are willing to pay more for seafood with specific colors. During the period of , four successive generations of four shell-color families (white, black, golden, purple) were produced. None of the specifically colored lines showed superior productivity, and so truncation selections for shell height were initiated based on five fourth-generation black-shell and five fourth-generation white-shell families in Applying the same intensity of selection in the upward direction, two selected and two control lines were created. These lines were reared under the same environmental conditions at the larvae, spat, and grow-out stages. The progeny of the mass-selected lines were compared to those of controls in a 490-day farming experiment. Mean shell height and mean wet weight of the selected lines were significantly greater than those of the controls from day 120 onwards (P<0.05). At harvest on day 490, the black-shell and white-shell oysters had mean shell height of ( ) mm and ( ) mm, respectively, and mean wet weight of ( ) g and ( ) g, respectively. The increase in shell height for selected blackshell oysters and white-shell oysters compared with that of the control was 9.04% and 9.01%, respectively, and the increase in wet weight was 9.33% and 10.50%, respectively. The estimated gain was consistent with the expected gain for mollusk species (10% 20% per generation). In the black-shell and white-shell mass-selected lines, the realized heritability of shell height was and , respectively, the realized heritability of total weight was and , respectively, the average selection response of shell height was and , respectively, and the average selection response of total weight was and , respectively. The total genetic gain of total weight for the black-shell and white-shell lines was ( )% and ( )%, respectively, indicating that total weight had improved markedly during selection for shell height. In conclusion, growth improvement for the two mass selected lines can be achieved by selecting the individuals with the greatest shell height. The relatively high realized heritability estimates obtained for the two mass-selected lines indicate that there is genetic variation in the two stocks, and that mass selection could be used to select for rapid growth in the next generations. Key words: Crassostrea gigas; black-shell; white-shell; heritability; selection response; growth trait Corresponding author: LI Qi. Tel: ; qili66@ouc.edu.cn

Microsoft Word - 22 栗志民.doc

Microsoft Word - 22 栗志民.doc 44 6 Vol.44, No.6 2013 11 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Nov., 2013 (Argopecten irradians concentricus) * 1 1 2 2 (1. 524025; 2. 524022) 2011 10 2012 4 (Argopecten irradians concentricus),,,,,,,, (P