8 A Study on the Folkloristics of Shih Jing by Marcel Granet and Shizuka Shirakawa Lin Yao-Lin Associate Professor, Department of Chinese Literature,

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1 Marcel Granet

2 8 A Study on the Folkloristics of Shih Jing by Marcel Granet and Shizuka Shirakawa Lin Yao-Lin Associate Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Cheng Kung University Abstract The propositions held by Confucius in the study of Shih set the tone for the traditional study of Shih Jing. Mao Chuan, Cheng Chien, and Kung Su intended to interpret Shih Jing in the forms of history and story from the perspectives of ethics, politics, and education-culture, and succeeded in developing the Confucian core conception of poetics. Mao Shih Chuan and Chien General Interpretation by Ma Jui-Chen and Shih Mao Shih Chuan Su by Chen-Huan, as both titles suggest, were meant to restore the ancient teachings of Mao Shih. Shizuka Shirakawa referred to these books 44

3 as having not yet reached the original meanings of Shih, resulting in a sense of loss and failure to make any discovery in an adventure into deep mountains. The three schools of poetry in the Han Dynasty, though showing a budding sign of folklore interpretation, failed to set themselves free from the norm of morality. Reading poetry in the forms of history and story, they are no different than Mao Shih. The study of Shih Jing by Chu Hsi came to the understanding of Fen as a kind of ballad in a neighborhood. However, his theory of Yin Shih (erotic poetry) was still operating under the influence of Neo-Confucianism. Even though he interpreted poetry beyond the confines of Shih Hsu, he took the same stances of ethics and morality as Shih Hsu. The effort to cultivate a new research methodology for Shih Jing was launched by foreigners. As Shizuka Shirakawa notes, Ancient Chinese Festivals and Ballads by Marcel Granet, a French Oriental scholar, marked the beginning of such an effort. Based on materials collected from Chinese minority peoples and peoples in Taiwan and Southeast Asia, Granet managed to study Shih Jing from the perspective of folklore, addressing love lyrics, pastorals, ballads of mountains and rivers, which allowed him to work out the ceremonies in ancient times. His study, though questionable on his interpretation of individual poems, opened a new path to the folkloristics of Shih Jing. Japanese scholar Shizuka Shirakawa ( ), as Tu Cheng-sheng comments, attempts to light up the life and spirit of ancient Chinese from the perspective of folklore. In his study, Shirakawa compares Shih Jing and Manyou-syuu, the first anthology of Japan dated in the second half of the 8 th century, arguing that there are instances of interpretation of Shih Jing based on Manyou-syuu and there are instances of interpretation of Manyou-syuu based on Shih Jing. The research conducted by Marcel Granet and Shizuka Shirakawa can be treated as a kind of folkloristics of Shih Jing. Marcel Granet is eligibly considered as the pioneer, establishing the most comprehensive system in the study of Shih Jing. With his expertise in oracle bone and bronzeware scripts and ancient Chinese history, Shizuka Shirakawa, who seeks to explain ancient meanings within and beyond (Tu Cheng-sheng), has come up with profound research results. This paper is focused on the folkloristics of Shih Jing by Marcel Granet and Shizuka Shirakawa to explore their 45

4 research methodology, contents, contributions and shortcomings. Keywords: Marcel Granet, Shizuka Shirakawa, Shih Jing, Folklore 46

5 Marcel Granet

6 Luc-en Diois 1904 Emile Durkheim Marcel 4 Marcel Granet : Fetes et Chansons anciennes dela Chine 1919 E.D.Edwards, D.Litt Festivals and Songs of Ancient China, George Routledge & Sons, LTD,

7 Mauss Edouard chavannes 堃堃

8 11 12 Cultural anthropology

9 Edouard Boit 1896 Couvreur 14 droit public symbolisme

11 堃堃

12 21 堃

13 concorde pacte social communaute joute

15 connaissance

16 楳 Colonel Bonifacy Man Man quan coc

17 Melennan, F. endogamy exogamy

18 43 蕳

19 44 蕳 45 蕳

20 咏

23 呪呪呪呪

26 韮韮爲

27 uta-gaki 69

28 64 爲亘亘

29 煑爲

31 Hypotheses

32 呪

33 呪爲

34 ritual

36 78

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