198 J Lake Sci dominated in Gudongkou Reservoir 2 Chlorophyta Bacillariophyta Pyrrophyta Cryptophyta also played an important role in Xiangx

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1 J Lake Sci http //www jlakes org jlakes@niglas accn 2012 by Journal of Lake Sciences * 1 2 1** % % % % % 4 96% cells /L cells /L cells /L Shannon-Wiener Pielou 3 Margalef Community structure characteristics of phytoplankton along a cascade of reservoirs in Xiangxi River Basin Three Gorges Reservior SHEN Henglun 1 2 CAI Qinghua 1 SHAO Meiling 1 3 & XU Yaoyang State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P R China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P R China 3 College of Life Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P R China Abstract Xiangxi River originates from the Shennongjia Forest region and is the largest tributary in Hubei Province of Three Gorges Reservoir Three reservoirs Gudongkou Reservoir 1 Gudongkou Reservoir 2 and Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir in Xiangxi River Basin were selected to investigate phytoplankton ecology in such a reservoir cascade system In this study phytoplankton composition dominant species community structure abundance and biodiversity index were investigated and analyzed from October 2005 to July 2006 A total of 121 species belonging to 58 genera in 7 phyla were identified among which Chlorophyta 49 species of 26 genera is the most important compontent accounting for 40 50% of the total followed by Bacillariophyta 41 species of 14 genera for 33 88% and Pyrrophyta 11 species of 3 genera for 9 09% Cyanophyta 7 species of 5 genera for 5 79% Cryptophyta 7 species of 3 genera for 5 79% and other species for 4 96% 31 species of 25 genera 40 species of 29 genera and 81 species of 46 genera were found in Gudongkou Reservoir 1 2 and Xiangxi Bay respectively The dominant species in Gudongkou Reservoir 1 belonged to Bacillariophyta Chlorophyta while Bacillariophyta Cryptophyta and Pyrrophyta * ** ZX KZCX2-YW-427 Y15B021F shenhenglun@ gmail com qhcai@ ihb ac cn

2 198 J Lake Sci dominated in Gudongkou Reservoir 2 Chlorophyta Bacillariophyta Pyrrophyta Cryptophyta also played an important role in Xiangxi Bay The annual abundance of phytoplankton community in the three reservoirs was and cells /L respectively It had highest density in Xiangxi Bay cells /L and lowest density in Gudongkou Reservoir cells /L Principal Component Analysis was applied to analyze the water quality of the three reservoirs The result implies that the water quality was degrading along the cascade of reservoirs There were no significant differences in diversity index H and evenness J among the three reservoirs while the Margalef index of Xiangxi Bay was significantly larger than that of Gudongkou Reservoir 1 and Gudongkou Reservoir 2 The valuation results by the first two indices and dominant phytoplankton species showed that the cascade reservoirs in Xiangxi River Basin were of intermediate pollution state Keywords Xiangxi River Basin cascade of reservoirs phytoplankton dominant category diversity evaluation community structure Three Gorges Reservoir River Continuum Concept RCC 1 The Cascading Reservoir Continuum Concept CRCC Straskraba Vltava Karnaukhova Angara 16 Hart Mgeni m m m GD1-1 ~ GD1-4 3 GD2-1 ~ GD2-3 8 XX01 ~ XX08

3 Fig 1 Distribution of sampling sites in the three reservoirs in Xiangxi River Basin L 300 ml ph ml 48 h 30 ml 27 SD Secchi disc YSI YSI 6600 EDS WT Turb DO ph TN NO - 3 -N NH + 4 -N TP PO 3-4 -P SAN + + Skalar 0 1 ml Olympus CX SPSS 13 0 Statistics 6 0 PCA y y > 0 02 y = f i P i f i i P i i 30 Shannon-Wiener H Margalef D Pielou J H = - P i log 2 P i D = S - 1 /lnn J = H /log 2 S P i = N i /N S P i i N N i i

4 200 J Lake Sci a Alk Cond COD ph 1 1 Tab 1 Physical and chemical factors of the three reservoirs in Xiangxi River Basin WT / Cond / μs /cm COD / mg /L Chl a / μg /L Turb /NUT Alk / mg /L SD /cm ph TN / mg /L NO3 - -N / mg /L NH 4 + -N / mg /L TP / mg /L PO P / mg /L SiO 2 -Si / mg /L TN NO - 3 -N SiO 2 -Si r = P < 0 01 TP PO 3-4 -P r = P < 0 01 SD SiO 2 -Si r = P = 0 02 COD TN NO - 3 -N r = P < 0 05 NO - 3 -N SiO 2 -Si PO 3-4 -P COD 2 2 Fig 2 Principle Component Analysis comparing the water quality of the three reservoirs 3 PCA 79 2% 3 TN TP TP TN

5 201 ph Turb Turb WT Cond COD NH + 4 -N 3 TP % % % % % % Rhodomonas lacustris Pyramimonas sp Mallomonas sp Chroomonas caudate Tab 2 Species composition of phytoplankton in each reservoir in Xiangxi River Basin Leptolyngbya valderiana Oocystis solitaria Coelastrum sphaericum Asterionella formosa Cyclotella sp Peridiniopsis niei Cryptomonas ovata Cyclotella operculata Chroomonas acuta Pandorina morum Phormidium sp cells /L

202 J Lake Sci 2012 24 2 4 837 10 5 cells /L 3 3 36 3 Tab 3 Basic habitat characteristics of the three reservoirs /km 2 /km / m 3 /s /d 965 14 00 19 9 67 1155 3 37 23 8 49 3099 25 90 47 4 127 6 779

6 202 J Lake Sci cells /L Tab 3 Basic habitat characteristics of the three reservoirs /km 2 /km / m 3 /s /d cells /L cells /L 88 09% cells/l 40 96% cells /L % 2 P < Fig 3 Distribution of phytoplankton density in the cascade reservoirs in Xiangxi River Basin Shannon-Wiener 1 09 > 1 06 > 0 89 Margalef 0 92 > 0 38 > 0 34 Pielou 0 52 > 0 43 > 0 38 Shannon-Wiener Pielou 3 P > 0 05 Margalef P < 0 05 Shannon-Wiener Pielou Shannon-Wiener

7 H H H > 3 1 ~ 3 0 ~ 1 D > 3 1 ~ 3 0 ~ 1 J 0 ~ ~ ~ H H D 3 D < 1 J TSI S Shannon-Wiener Pielou Margalef 37 H J D P = P = Shannon-Wiener H Margalef D Pielou J H % Shannon-Wiener H Pielou J TSI S H J D H D J H Barbosa FAR Padisak J Espindola ELG The cascading reservoir continuum concept CRCC and its application to the river tiete-basin Sao paulostate Brazil In Tundisi JG Straskraba M eds Theoretial reservoir ecology and its applica-

8 204 J Lake Sci tion Leiden Backhuys Publishers Straskraba M Vltava cascade as teaching groups for reservoir limnology Water Science and Technology Matsuno Y Tasumi M Hoek W et al Analysis of return flows in a tank cascade system in Sri Lanka Paddy and Water Environment Drastik V Kubecka J Tuser M et al The effect of hydropower on fish stocks Comparison between cascade and non-cascade reservoirs Hydrobiologia Karnaukhova GA Lithological-geochemical differentiation of bottom deposits in the Angara cascade reservoirs Geochemistry International Hart RC Two calanoids two lakes and a decade or two An updated record and evaluation of occurrence and periodicity of Tropodiaptomus spectabilis and Metadiaptomus meridianus Copepoda Calanoida and alternative stable states in two cascading impoundments Hydrobiologia / Hart RC Cladoceran periodicity patterns in relation to selected environmental factors in two cascading warm-water reservoirs over a decade Hydrobiologia Adriana J Marcos G Temporal and spatial patterns based on sediment and sediment-water interface characteristics along a cascade of reservoirs Paranapanema River south-east Brazil Lakes and Reservoirs Research and Management Padisak J Barbosa FAR Borbely G et al Phytoplankton composition biodiversity and a pilot survey of toxic cyanoprokaryotes in a large cascading reservoir system Tiete basin Brazil Verh Internat Verein Limnol da Silva CA Train S Rodrigues LC Phytoplankton assemblages in a Brazilian subtropical cascading reservoir system Hydrobiologia Gilmar PN Marcos GN Multi-dimensional effects on Cladoceran Crustacea Anomopoda assemblages in two cascade reservoirs in Southeast Brazil Lakes and Reservoirs Research and Management Marcos GN Paula CRO Yvana TDB Zooplankton assemblages Copepoda and Cladocera in a cascade of reservoirs of a large tropical river SE Brazil Limnetica Callisto M Goulart M Barbosa FAR et al Biodiversity assessment of benthic macroinvertebrates along a reservoir cascade in the lower S o Francisco River northeastern Brazil Brazilian Journal of Biology CERN

9 Lampitt RS Wishner KF Turley CM et al Marine snow studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean Distribution composition and roles as a food source for migrating plankton Marine Biology Shannon CE A mathematical theory of communication Bell System Technical Journal Margalef DR Information theory in ecology General Systems Pielou EC An introduction to mathematical ecology New York Wiley-Interscience

170 J Lake Sci m / 8 a 1 1 * 1 Tab 1 Annual statistics of pollutants into Three Gorges Reservoir / 10 8 t COD / 10 4 t / 10 4 t

170 J Lake Sci m / 8 a 1 1 * 1 Tab 1 Annual statistics of pollutants into Three Gorges Reservoir / 10 8 t COD / 10 4 t / 10 4 t J Lake Sci 2012 24 2 169-177 http //www jlakes org E-mail jlakes@niglas accn 2012 by Journal of Lake Sciences * 1 1 2 1 430072 2 100038 2010 30 m 8 a - 1 2 Water environment and aquatic ecosystem of Three