Chen [ 10 ],, [ 8 ],,, 2, 1 7, 12UTC ( 18 ), 00UTC ( 06 ) NCAR / NCEP, (1) LH = C w RR (1) LH, C w, 1 10 ( ) : ( a) 12UTC ; ( b) 00UT
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1 ADVANCES IN EARTH SC IENCE Vol. 21 No. 12 Dec., 2006 : (2006) , 2, 2, 3 (1., ; 2., LASG, ; 3., ) : NCEP /NCAR,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; : P434 : A 1, [ 1 ] Flohn [ 2 ], 70% [ 3 ],, 1 2,, 18 [ 4 ] ,,,, [ 5 ] [ 6 ], [ 7 ] [ 8 ], FGGE,, Kuo [ 8 ], 3 : ; : : ( : KZCX32SW 2231) ; ( : 2005CB422000) ; ( : ). : (19552),,,,. E2ma il: lx@ itpcas. ac. cn
![1274 21 Chen [ 10 ],, [ 8 ],,, 2, 1 7, 12UTC ( 18 ), 00UTC ( 06 ) NCAR / NCEP, (1) LH = C w RR (1) LH, C w, 1 10 ( 1986 1995) : ( a) 12UTC ; ( b)](/docs-images/91/106121408/images/2-0.jpg "00UTC ; ( c) 12UTC ; ( d) 00UTC ; ( e) 12UTC ; ( f) 00UTC F ig. 1 10 years m ean ( 198621995) July 12UTC d iaba tic hea ting com pare w ith 00UTC")
2 Chen [ 10 ],, [ 8 ],,, 2, 1 7, 12UTC ( 18 ), 00UTC ( 06 ) NCAR / NCEP, (1) LH = C w RR (1) LH, C w, 1 10 ( ) : ( a) 12UTC ; ( b) 00UTC ; ( c) 12UTC ; ( d) 00UTC ; ( e) 12UTC ; ( f) 00UTC F ig years m ean ( ) July 12UTC d iaba tic hea ting com pare w ith 00UTC
3 12 : 1275 RR 1 a b UTC 00UTC,, 150 W /m 2, 250 W /m 2,,, - 20 W /m 2 H m 200 W /m 2 1c d 12Z 00Z 12UTC, H 00 00UTC, 10 7, W / m 2, 50 W /m 2,,,, W /m 2 ( ), ( 1e), 2 7 1,,, 4 ( 1f),,,, ( 1e f),, W /m 2, W /m 2 1e f 350 W /m ( ) 7 ( :W /m 2 ) F ig years m ean ( ) July d iurna l var ia tion of d iaba tic hea ting over the T ibetan pla teau( Un it: W /m 2 ), m 12UTC 00UTC,, H TP H m ean, : H TP = H 12 - H 00 (2) H m ean = ( H 12 + H 00 ) /2 (3) hpa 3a 10 7, 7,, 3b 10 12UTC 00UTC,, 600 hpa ( 4a), ( 4b),
4 hpa ( 10 5 / s) ( a. ( ) ; b. 12UTC 00UTC ) F ig hpa July stream line and vortic ity ( 1025 / s) ( a. 10 years m ean ( ) ; b. the d ifference of 12UTC and 00UTC) hpa ( 10 5 / s) ; ( a. ( ) ; b. 12UTC 00UTC ) F ig. 4 A s f ig. 3 but for 600 hpa, 5a hpa,, ( 5b),,, 35,, 35 N,, ;, 7, ( 1e) ( 1a),,, 6 5, 600 hpa, ( 6a),,
5 12 : 1277,,,, hpa ( 10 gpm ) ( Pa / s) ; ( a. ( ) ; b. 12UTC 00UTC ) F ig hpa July geopoten tia l he ight ( 10 gpm ) and vertica l veloc ity ( Pa / s) ( a. 10 years m ean ( ) ; b. the d ifference of 12UTC and 00UTC) hpa ( 10 gpm ) ( Pa / s) ; ( a. ( ) ; b. 12UTC 00UTC ) F ig. 6 A s f ig. 5 but for 600 hpa 7 ( ) 7 ( K) 30 N ; ( a. 12UTC; b. 00UTC) F ig. 7 The cross section of 10 years m ean ( ) July poten tia l tem pera ture ( K) and w ind vector a long 30 N( a. 12UTC; b. 00UTC)
6 ,, N 90 E 30 N 7a 10 12UTC ( 18 ) ( 10 3 ),,, 00UTC ( 7b ), 12UTC, 00UTC 00UTC ( 7b; 6 ),, 8 ( ) 7 ( K) 90 E ; ( a. 12UTC ; b. 00UTC) F ig. 8 A s f ig. 7 but a long 90 E 8a 12UTC 90 E,,, 8b, 8b,, (45 N ) 8b,,,,, 4, [ 11 ],, 5W 5t + g gvw = g Sa g g + gf g (4) g = d d t, gf, W = P = g a g, g s, g a, D D t = 5 + g gv 5t,
7 12 : 1279 (4),,, -, : g gv W = g a g g + R (5) R = gf g + g a g g + g gv W (6) (5), 12 12UTC 00UTC 12UTC 00UTC (5), 12UTC 00UTC, g gv W = a g g + R (7) a b c 9 (7) = ( 10-6 TU s; 1TU = 10-6 K/ (m s 2 ) 250 hpa,,, a, b 9e 12UTC 00UTC ( (7) a ), a, 12UTC 00UTC 9f 12UTC 00UTC ( (7) b ), a 7, a b, 9 ( ) 7 = ( 7) a b F ig. 9 The 10 years m ean ( ) ca lcula ted the item a and b of the equa tion 7 on = level
8 , ( 9a, b) ( 9c, d),,,, 10 = (7) ( 10-4 TU s) 10a 12UTC 00UTC ( 7 a ),, 10b,,,, ( ),,, [ 12 ], ( 12 h) ( c ) 5,, W /m W /m 2,,,, 350 W /m W /m 2, : 10 ( ) 7 = F ig. 10 A s f ig. ( 7) a b c 9 but on the = level (1), 35, 20 (2),, ( 45 N ) (3),
9 12 : %,, (4),,,,,,, ( References) : [ 1 ] Ye Duzheng, Gao Youxi. Meteorology of the Q inghai2xizang Plat2 eau[m ]. Beijing: Science Press, [,. [M ]. :, ] [ 2 ] Flohn H. Contributions to a Meteorology of the Tibetan H ighlands [M ]. A tmospheric Science Paper, No. 130, Corolado State Uni2 versity, Ft. Collins, [ 3 ] Shen Zhibao. The temperature over Tibetan p lateau and its sur2 rounding areas[ C ] Ye Duzheng, ed. Meteorology of the Q ing2 hai2xizang Plateau. Beijing: Science Press, 1979: [. [ C ] / /.. :, 1979: ] [ 4 ] Tang Maocang. A ir p ressure and wind[ C ] Ye Duzheng, ed. Me2 teorology of the Q inghai2xizang Plateau. Beijing: Science Press, 1979: [. [ C ].. :, 1979: ] [ 5 ] Shen Zhibao. The hum idity over Tibetan Plateau and its surround2 ing areas[ C ] Ye Duzheng, ed. Meteorology of the Q inghai2xi2 zang Plateau. Beijing: Science Press, 1979: [. [ C ].. :, 1979: ] [ 6 ] Yin Daosheng. The local diabatic frontogenesis in the central of the Tibetan Plateau [ J ]. Acta M eteorological S inica, 1979, 37: [. [ J ]., 1979, 37: ] [ 7 ] Ma Henian, L iu Zichen, Q in Ying, et al. Study on the transforma2 tion p rocess of the thermal low in Q inghai p rovince[ C ] The Col2 lected Papers of the Meteorological Sciences Exam ination over the Q inghai2xizang Plateau. Beijing: Science Press, 1984: [,,,. [ C ]. :, 1984: ] [ 8 ] Yang W eiyu. The D iagnosis of the Heating and Circulation over Tibetan Plateau in Summer[ D ]. Beijing: The Institute of A tmos2 pheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1988: [. [ D ]. :, 1988: ] [ 9 ] Kuo H L, Q ian Y F. Influence of the Tibetan p lateau on cumula2 tive and diurnal changes of weather and climate in summer [ J ]. M onthly W eather R eview, 1981, 109: [ 10 ] Shuyi S Chen, Houze R A. D iurnal variation and life2cycle of deep convective system s over the trop ical Pacific warm pool[ J ]. Quarterly Jounal of RoyalM eteorological Society, 1997, 123: [ 11 ] W u Guoxiong, L iu Yim in. Thermal adap tation, overshooting, dispersion and subtrop ical anticyclone, I: Thermal adaptation and overshooting[ J ]. Chinese Journal of A tm ospheric, 2000, 24 (4) : [,. I: [ J ]., 2000, 24 (4) : ] [ 12 ] Guoxiong W u, Yim in L iu, Jiangyu Mao, et al. Adap tation of the A tmospheric Circulation to Thermal Forcing over the Tibetan Plat2 eau [M ]. Observation, Theory andmodeling ofa tmospheric Vari2 ability. Sigapore: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2004: The D iurnal Variation of the Atmospheric C irculation and D iabatic Heating over the Tibetan Plateau L IU Xin 1, 2, WU Guo2xiong 2, L IW ei2p ing 3 (1. Institu te of Tibetan P lateau R esearch, Chinese A cadem y of Sciences, B eijing , China; 2. S tate Key L abora tory of N um erica l M odeling for A tm ospheric Sciences and Geophysical F luid D ynam ics, Institute of A tm ospheric Physics, Chinese A cadem y of Sciences, B eijing , China; 3. N ationa l C lim ate Center, B eijing , China) Abstract: The NCEP /NCAR reanalysis data are emp loyed to analyze the diurnal variation of the diabatic heat2 ing and atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau and it s surrounding areas. The atmosphere over the TP is
10 most sensitive to the diurnal change of heating, and it results in the vivid diurnal change feature over the TP and its surrounding areas. Its diurnal change is consistent w ith that of the heating field s, especially w ith diurnal change of the solar heating. Because the m ass of the atmospheric column over the TP is much lighter than other regions, the diurnal change of solar radiation heating causes more significant circulation variation over the TP. The equation of the potential vorticity is emp loyed to diagnose the dynam ics of diurnal circulation variation in the paper. The result show s while the solar radiation gradually enhanced in the daytime, the positive vorticity of lower level atmosphere and negative vorticity of high level atmosphere over the TP is increase. A ll these lead to the most significant circula2 tion and weather diurnal changes over the TP and its surrounding areas. The features of the diurnal change of the atmospheric circulation are in accordance w ith both theory and data analysis results in their phase and circulation patterns. Key words: Tibetan Plateau ( TP) ; D iabatic heating; D iurnal change; Potential vorticity ,, ( 973 ),,, ,, 297, 44,, 28, 72, 24. 2% 973,, , ,, 973,, 973, 973 : (1), (2), (3),,,,,, : : linhai@mail. nsfc. gov. cn linh@ igsnrr. ac. cn : adearth@ lzb. ac. cn 973,,,, (1 12 )
, 2 : ; 4 8, mm, mm, 43. 3% ; 350 mm, 70% , 32 d, d mm, 45. 1% mm, mm, 850 hpa (
26 1 2008 3 : 1006-7639 (2008) - 01-0001 - 07 AR ID METEOROLOGY Vol. 26 No. 1 March, 2008 2006, (, 211101) : NCEP OLR SST 2006, :, : ; ; ; ; : P458. 1 + 1 : A,,, [ 1 ] [ 2-5 ],, ( 400 m ),,, [ 6 ], 2006,
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4 : 255 [ 2, 4 7 ] [ 8 11 ],,,, [ 12 ] Koldewey , [ 13 ],,, NCEP Koldewey, NCEP 2,, 1231km, 107km Koldewey ( N, E, 11m) A lfre
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18 4 Vol. 18, No. 4 2006 12 CH INESE JOURNAL OF POLAR RESEARCH December 2006 (, 100081), Koldewey 1993 2003,,, 32. 2%,, ;, 10, NCEP /NCAR, NCEP Koldewey NCEP /NCAR 1,, [ 1 ],,, 90 1991,, [ 2 ] ; 1999 2003,
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48 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol hpa, Flohn [2 ] 7 8 d W = F + (thermal anticyclonic cell), d a Q, (1) t ( ), F, Q, a,, W = P
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29 1 2005 1 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol1 29, No1 1 Jan1 2005 1 1 2 1 1 1, 100029 2, 100085, 100629895 (2005) 0120047210 P641 A How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian
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30 3 Vol. 30, No. 3 2010 6 SC IENTIA METEOROLOGICA SIN ICA Jun., 2010,,,.., 2010, 30 ( 3) : 4072413. Zhang J ingying, Chen J inm in, L iu Yingjie, et al. Analysis of mechanism s of short2time rainfall
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1, : SVD 59 changes of the vertically integrated diabatic heating, sea level p ressure, and the geopotential height at 500 hpa, the variations of the
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254 22 [11] Bennetts (1988) [12] and Locatelli (1994) [13] e 1999 6 23 08 24 08 2 1 1 23 12 3033 N 900 hpa 23 14 950 hpa23 16 23 18 23 20 23 22 3033 N
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22 3 Vol.22, No.3 2006 06 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY Jun., 2006 1004-4965200603-0253-06 ( 211101) 1999 6 P433 A 1 [13] Xu [4] [5] Emanuel [6] Jascourt [7] Xu [8] upscale development Xu downscale development
1556 地 理 科 学 进 展 30 卷 他 关 于 农 村 住 房 结 构 与 抗 震 性 能 的 研 究, 则 多 是 从 工 程 抗 灾 的 角 度, 研 究 某 种 构 造 类 型 的 房 屋, 力 图 找 到 传 统 房 屋 的 结 构 失 误 和 新 建 房 屋 中 存 在 的 问 [
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南京农业大学学报( 社会科学版) 第 16 卷 单 边 委 托 与 模 糊 治 理 :基 于 乡 村 社 会 的混合关系研究 田雄,王伯承 摘摇 要:当前,乡村社会利益主体之间关系呈现出复杂多变而非理性合作的态势 其中,县乡 干 部 与 村干部形成 共事与共谋冶 关系,村 干 部 与 村 民 形 成 支 持 互 利 冷 漠 和 反 对 冶 等 四 种 关 系 乡 村 利 益主体之间多种混合关系形成的
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