48 / 35 關鍵詞 : 同性戀雙性戀量化研究臺灣青少年成長歷程研究 Sexual Orientation of Youth at Early Adulthood Stage in Taiwan: Research Results from Taiwan Youth Research Pro

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1 47 研究論文步入成人初期之臺灣年輕人性傾向之研究楊文山李怡芳摘要臺灣既有同性戀量化研究相當稀少, 以致於在討論同性戀人權或同性婚姻相關議題時, 缺乏足夠的研究報告與數據供政府或民眾參考中央研究院社會學研究所臺灣青少年成長歷程研究, 於 2011 年進行青少年邁入成人初期的性傾向調查, 是研究多元性傾向議題的珍貴素材, 唯截至目前為止鮮少有相關命題使用此一資料進行研究本文研究目的旨在利用該資料, 精確且全面地從慾望行為與認同三個面向, 測量與估計臺灣北部成人初期的同性戀者與非異性戀者的百分比分析結果顯示, 臺灣北部 24 至 29 歲年輕人中, 約有 2.85% 的男同性戀者與 5.21% 的女同性戀者, 且不論就慾望行為或認同面向觀察, 女性同性戀傾向的人口百分比皆較男性多, 與西方研究結果相似此外, 約有 8.86% 的男非異性戀者與 27.65% 的女非異性戀者, 女非異性戀者百分比多達四分之一強 ; 但其中有將近 8% 的女性是僅擁有同雙性慾望, 有同雙性交往或同雙性行為的情況較少, 顯示臺灣年輕女性性傾向的多元面貌 wsyang@gate.sinica.edu.tw efang@gate.sinica.edu.tw

2 48 / 35 關鍵詞 : 同性戀雙性戀量化研究臺灣青少年成長歷程研究 Sexual Orientation of Youth at Early Adulthood Stage in Taiwan: Research Results from Taiwan Youth Research Project Wen-Shan Yang, Yi-Fang Lee ABSTRACT In Taiwan there are a limited number of quantitative studies of homosexuality and homosexual practices in the research literature. The scarcity of such research has led to confusion in the public discourse on homosexuality and civil right issues regarding same-sex marriage legislation in recent years. In 2011, the Taiwan Youth Project conducted by the Institute of Sociology at Academia Sinica deployed a self-administered questionnaire to examine sexual inclination and practices from a cohort of 24- to 29-year-old adults in northern Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to utilize the 2011 Taiwan Youth Project data to estimate the proportion of homosexuals and non-heterosexuals among the respondents, based on three dimensions of sexual orientation, namely desire, behavior, and identity. The research findings show that there are approximately 2.85 percent male homosexuals and 5.21 percent female homosexuals among the population of 24- to 29-year-old adults in northern Taiwan. Our results resonate with existing studies showing that females in early adulthood have a stronger inclination toward homosexuality in terms of these three dimensions of sexuality. In addition, there are approximately 8.86 percent male non-heterosexuals and percent female non-heterosexuals among the population of 24- to 29-year-old adults in northern Taiwan. However, although 8 percent of female respon- Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica. wsyang@gate.sinica.edu.tw Research Assistant, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica. efang@gate.sinica.edu.tw

3 49 dents expressed bisexual desire, only a few are involved in actual bisexual relationships or behavior. Our results underscored the diversity of females sexual orientation in northern Taiwan, similar to findings of many other studies in Western societies. Keywords: homosexuality, bisexuals, quantitative studies, Taiwan Youth Project 一前言 : % TVBS The News Lens

4 50 / Ritch C. Savin-Willams Current Directions in Psychological Science Who s Gay? Does It Matter? sexual attraction sexual behaviorsexual identity 1 21Savin-Willams 2006:

5 Laumann et al. 1994: Hyde and DeLamater 2011: 325; Carpenter 2013: : : 72

6 52 /

7 53 LGBT Lesbian GayBisexual TransgenderAsexuality 二文獻探討 Alfred Kinsey

8 54 / 35 Cherlin 2005: 205; Jackson and Scott 2010: 6 Laumann et al. 1994: 289 Hyde and DeLamater 2011: 324 Savin-Willams 2006 Savin-Willams 2006: 41 Savin-Willams 2006:

9 55 40 gender nonconformity sissy boys tomboy girls True Gay Less GaySavin-Willams 2006: 42 Shields et al. 2013: 249 Jerel P. Calzo 2011: 1663 life-span/life course 2007 California Quality of Life Surveys, Cal-QOLs

10 56 / 35 Laumann Venn Graph no specific theory or viewpoint on the etiology and nature of homosexuality... Instead, we took as our starting point the need to collect good descriptive data on various features of same-gender practices and affect. For these descriptive purposes, we have identified three dimensions of homosexuality: same-gender sexual behavior (and its associated practices), same-gender desire and sexual attraction, and self-identity as homosexual. Laumann 1994: In general, are you sexually attracted to only men, mostly men, both men and women, mostly women, only women? Laumann 1994: On a scale of 1 to 4, where 1 is very appealing and 4 is not at all appealing, how would you rate each of these activities:... having sex with someone of the same sex? Laumann 1994: 293

11 , , Laumann 11 Do you think of yourself as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or something else? Laumann 1994: 293

12 58 / 35 A. Women Behavior 13% (19) 13% (19) Desire 59% (88) 15% (23) 0 1% (1) Identity 0 B. Men Behavior 22% (32) 6% (9) Desire 44% (63) 24% (34) 0 1% (2) Identity 2% (3) Fig. 8.2 Interrelation of components of homosexuality. A, For 150 women (8.6 percent of the total 1,749) who report any adult same-gender sexuality. B. For 143 men (10.1 percent of the total 1,410) who report any adult same-gender sexuality. 圖 1 Laumann 等人研究中三項同性戀指標的分布情況 Laumann 1994: 299

13 三研究方法

14 60 / , ,890 5, news 2011

15 61 3,129 3, Savin-Willams 2006:

16 62 / 35

17 63 1

18 64 / 35 表 1 三項性傾向指標與對應之問卷題目 m1ss m1ss m1ss12000 m1ss04001 m1ss34000 m1ss34b00 m1ss35000 m1ss35b00 m1ss

19 65 四資料分析 2011 Laumann 表 2 三項性傾向指標的樣本分布 (%) ,648 1,479

20 66 /

21 Laumann et al. 1994: ; Pearson and Wilkinson 2013: 169 Laumann 1994: Hammarén 2007: Hammarén masculinity

22 68 / Laumann 1994: , ,

23 圖 2 同性戀傾向人口分布情況 (%) , ,

24 70 / , , , , 圖 3 非異性戀傾向人口分布情況 (%)

25 missing completely at random, MCAR

26 72 / 35 missing at random, MAR missing not at random, MNAR MCAR MAR MNAR 3

27 73 表 3 缺失值與基本變項的卡方檢定 m1ss34000 P =0.161 P =0.630 P =0.735 P =0.636 P =0.207 P =0.118 m1ss35000 P =0.078 P =0.218 P =0.490 P =0.323 P =0.273 P =0.766 m1ss12000 P=0.038 P=0.489 P=0.400 P=0.242 P=0.954 P=0.368 m1ss04001 P=0.179 P=0.418 P=0.058 P =0.043 P =0.153 P =0.047 m1ss34000 m1ss34b00 P =0.598 P =0.630 P =0.735 P =0.411 P=0.528 P=0.117 m1ss35000 m1ss35b00 P =0.677 P =0.499 P =0.151 P =0.287 P =0.365 P =0.831 m1ss36000 P=0.320 P=0.253 P=0.053 P =0.003 P =0.794 P =

28 74 / 35 表 4 各群體缺失值百分比 m1ss m1ss m1ss Laumann 1994:

29 LGBT Gates and Newport 2013 五結論

30 76 / Shields et al. 2013:

31 77 參考文獻 tw/news :

32 78 / : cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id= The News Lens http://www. appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/life/ /631152/ TVBS news.tvbs.com.tw/entry/ T 87: (3): : Calzo, Jerel P., Toni Antonucci, Vickie Mays and Susan Cochran, 2011, Retrospective Recall of Sexual Orientation Identity Development Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adults. Developmental Psychology 47(6): Carpenter, Chirstopher Scott, 2013, The Prevalence of Gay Men and Lesbians. Pp in International Handbook on the Demography of Sexuality, edited by Amanda K. Baumle. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. Cherlin, Andrew J., 2005, Public & Private Families: An Introduction. New York: McGraw- Hill. Gates, Gary J. and Frank Newport, 2013, LGBT Percentage Highest in D.C., Lowest in North Dakota All States Are within Two Percentage Points of the Overall National Average of 3.5%, aspx (Date visited: October 25, 2013). Hammarén, Nils, 2007, Gender Order or Disorder? Pp in The Transformation of Sexuality: Gender and Identity in Contemporary Youth Culture, edited by Thomas Johansson. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Hyde, Janet Shibley and John D. DeLamater, 2011, Understanding Human Sexuality. New

33 79 York: McGraw-Hill. Jackson, Stevi and Sue Scott, 2010, Theorizing Sexuality. New York: McGraw Hill/Open University Press. Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael and Stuart Michaels, 1994, The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pearson, Jennifer and Lindsey Wilkinson, 2013, Adolescent Sexual Experiences, Pp in International Handbook on the Demography of Sexuality, edited by Amanda K. Baumle. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. Savin-Willams, Ritch C., 2006, Who s Gay? Does It Matter? Current Directions in Psychological Science 15(1): Shields, J. P., R. Cohen, J. R. Glassman, K. Whitaker, H. Franks and I. Bertolini, 2013, Estimating Population Size and Demographic Characteristics of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth in Middle School. Journal of Adolescent Health 52(2):

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48 / 35 關鍵詞 : 同性戀 雙性戀 量化研究 臺灣青少年成長歷程研究 Sexual Orientation of Youth at Early Adulthood Stage in Taiwan: Research Results from Taiwan Youth Research Pro

48 / 35 關鍵詞 : 同性戀雙性戀量化研究臺灣青少年成長歷程研究 Sexual Orientation of Youth at Early Adulthood Stage in Taiwan: Research Results from Taiwan Youth Research Pro