1 2 1 1 2 (1999 9 16 1999 10 13 1999 10 21 ) 91 TEL: (04) 2053366 Ext. 8306 FAX: (04) 2053764 1
7 28 0.5 g/kg 2.0 g/kg 1) 2) 3) 4 4) 5) 6) 2.0 g/kg/day 2
(Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata) (Orchidaceae) (Anoectochilus Blume) 1 2 3 3 4 5 3-glucosyloxy- 4-hydroxybutyric acid 5 6, 7 3
Kai 8 1998 10 200 60 0 C 280 mg/ml -20 0 C 3 % 100 1 ml SD 270 400 25 0 C 0 8-14 7 28 0.5 g/kg 2.0 g/kg 0 0 4
( ) (F 0 ) 0 3 6 9 13 16 20 0 6 10 14 18 22 26 2 5 9 13 16 20 2 6 10 14 18 ( ) (F 0 ) (Gestation index) = / X 100 0 4 4 ( 28 ) 4 (Viability index) 28 (Weaning index) = 4 / X 100 = / 4 X 100 (Birth index) = / X 100 ( ) (F 1 ) 7 7 ( ) (F 1 ) 10 6 (Columbux; Opto videomex-one; USA) 30 ( ) (F 1 ) 5
10 5 (Muromachi Kikai; Japan) (one-way analysis of variance) Dunnet P 0.05 χ 2 (600 ) 3000 0.5 g/kg 2.0 g/kg 16.7 g/kg 66.7 g/kg 4-40 2 ( ) (F 0 ) ( ) 2.0 g/kg 2.0 g/kg 3 ( ) (F 1 ) ( ) 6
( ) 4 28 ( ) ( ) 7 7 ( ) 6 ( ) 30 0.5 g/kg 2.0 g/kg 2572.1 ± 372.0 2276.7± 186.3 2735.8 ± 413.6 30 0.5 g/kg 2.0 g/kg 250.8 ± 55.3 198.2 ± 51.5 166.6 ± 21.8 ( ) 5 7
(NSC88-2317-B039-001) 1. vol 5, pp.874-879 1978 2. p.647 1979 3. Lin JM, Lin CC, Chiu HF, Yang JJ, Lee SG. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and liverprotective effects of Anoectochilus formosanus, Ganoderma lucidum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats. Am J Chin Med 21:59-69, 1993. 4. Huang DD, Law RCS, Mak OT. Effects of tissue-cultured Anoectochilus formosanus Hay. extracts on the arachidonate metabolism. Bot Bull Academia Sinica 32:113-119, 1991. 5. Takeshita T, Tago H, Nakamura M, Muraoka S, Yoshizawa T. Hypoglycemics and lipid metabolism-improving agents containing 3-glucosyloxy-4-hydroxybutyric acid or its derivatives from plant. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 7:76522, 1995. 6. 90 11(1):pp19-29 2000 7. 34:75-87 1993 8. Kai S, Kohmura H, Koizumi S, Sakakura K, Ishikawa K, Kawano S, Hattori N, hisada S, Konda H, Chikazawa H, Kadota T, Takahashi N. Effects of sotalol hydrochloride, an antiarrhythmic drug, administered to pregnant and lactating rats on behavioral observations in their offspring. Jpn Pharmacol Ther 26:315-324, 1998. 8
Table 1. Weight changes of pituitary gland in F 0 rats treated with crude aqueous extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus orally during the fetal organogenetic and lactation periods. Dose Absolute weight Relative weight No. (g/kg/day) (mg) (mg / 100 g body weight) of rats Control 14.9 ± 0.5 4.8 ± 0.1 8 0.5 15.4 ± 0.5 4.8 ± 0.1 14 2.0 17.7 ± 0.8** 5.7 ± 0.3** 14 All values are means ± S.E. **p<0.01 compared with control group. 9
Table 2. Delivery status in F 0 rats treated with crude aqueous extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus orally during the fetal organogenetic and lactation periods, and postnatal viability in F 1 offspring. Groups Normal A.F.E. (g/kg/day) 0.5g 2.0g No. of pregnant dams 8 14 14 No. of dams with live offspring 8 14 14 Gestation index (%) 100 100 100 Gestation period Mean S. E..day 22.5 0.31 22.3 0.16 22.6 0.13 No. of implants Total 132 219 246 Mean S. E. 16.5 0.76 15.6 0.65 17.6 0.44 No. of stillborn pups (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) No. of offspring born alive Total 123 206 217 Mean S. E. 15.4 0.68 14.7 0.65 15.5 0.57 Birth index (%) 93.2 94.1 88.2 No. of offspring alive on postnatal day 4 113 194 198 Viability index on postnatal day 4 (%) 91.9 94.2 91.2 No. of offspring alive immediately after culling 64 112 112 No. of live weanlings 62 107 110 Weaning index (%)0 96.9 95.5 98.21 External malformations: No. of offspring with External malformations (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 10
450 Food consumption (g/day) Body weight (g) 300 150 0 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Gestation day 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Postpartum day Fig. 1. Body weight changes and food consumption in pregnant and lactating F 0 rats treated with crude aqueous extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus (AAF) orally during the fetal organogenetic and lactation periods. : control (n=8); : AAF: 0.5 g/kg/day (n=14); : AAF 2.0 g/kg/day (n=14) 11
Food consumption (g/day) Body weight (g) 250 200 150 100 50 0 30 24 18 12 6 0 Male 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Postnatal Weeks 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Postnatal Week Female Fig. 2. Body weight changes and food consumption in male and female F1 rats delivered from F 0 dams treated with crude aqueous extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus (AAF) oralyy during the fetal organogenetic and lactation periods. : control (n=32-31); : AFE 0.5 g/kg/day (n=56-53); : AFE 2.0 g/kg/day (n=53-55) 12
EFFECTS OF CRUDE AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata ADMINISTERED TO PREGENANT AND LACTING RATS ON THEIR OFFSPRING Wen-Chuan Lin 1, Chun-Ching Shih 2 and Yueh-Wern Wu 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, 2 Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan (Received 16 th September 1999, revised Ms received 13 th October 1999, accepted 21 th October 1999) Crude aqueous extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus (AAF) was administered orally to female rats at daily dose levels of 0, 0.5 and 2.0 g/kg from day 7 of gestation to postpartum day 28. Results obtained were as follows: 1) AAF did not affect the body weight gains, food intake in F 0 dams. 2) Delivery status in F 0 dams as well as number of stillborn pups, number of live pups and birth index were not affected by AAF. 3) AAF did not affect the viability index on postnatal day 4 and weaning index in F 1 rats. 4) Body weight gain and food consumption were not affected in F 1 rats given AAF. 5) AAF did not alter learning, spontaneous motor activity in both male and female F 1 rats. 6) Teratogenicity of AAF could not be detected. The result indicate that no-effect dose level of AAF is 2.0 g/kg/day for dams, fetuses and offspring. Key words: Anoectochilus formosanus, Reproduction study. Correspondence to: Wen-Chuan Lin, Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel:(04)205-3366 ext 8306. 13