1 2 结 1987 (Freedom House) 2004 2002 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Freedom House Freedom in the World Freedom House Freedom House 1 polcyt@ccu.edu.tw 05-2720411 32609 2 hsunny0428@yahoo.com.tw 0932216136 1
结 1987 (Freedom House) 2004 2002 Freedom House 2
3 Epicureanism Stoicism 4 Cicero 5 Seneca 6 Locke Hobbes 7 Rousseau general will 3 I 11 2000 9 114 4 1987 101-104 5 123-126 6 Geogre H. Sabine 1991 194-198 7 Locke, John 1982 5-12 3
8 1789 啓 9 1948 12 10 10 idealism Woodrow Wilson 11 8 358-360 9 1945 10 1948 11 2003 42-43 4
12 13 regime 1980 Keohane 14 Civil society 1980 衆 London School of Economics Centre for Civil Society Civil society refers to the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values. In theory, its institutional forms are distinct from those of the state, family and market, though in practice, the boundaries between state, civil society, family and market are often complex, blurred and negotiated. Civil society commonly embraces a diversity of spaces, actors and institutional forms, varying in their degree of formality, autonomy and power. Civil societies are often populated by organisations such as registered charities, development non-governmental organisations, community groups, women's organisations, faith-based organisations, professional associations, trades unions, self-help 12 Ruggie, John Gerard, Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalization, (London: Routledge, 1998), pp.9 13 42 5 92 9 7-10 14 41 2 91 3 45-51 5
groups, social movements, business associations, coalitions and advocacy group. 15 Social Capital Robert Putnam Making Democracy Work trust norm networks 16 Putnam global governance 1975 1990 17 18 纪 Immanuel Kant 15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/civil_society 2005 8 20 16 Putnam, Robert D., Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993), pp.167. 17 Tyler, Patrick 2000 472 6
内 18 19 interventionism involvement nominal leadership substantial leadership 20 2000 unilateralism 18 419-421 19 Doyle, M. W., Kant, Liberal Legacies and Foreign Affairs, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 3, (1993), pp. 205-235. 20 45 3 2002 3 85-97 7
1977 Jimmy Carter 1977-1981 21 1979 1 15 Zbigniew Brzezinski 1980 1 22 22 1979 1 1 TRA 1979 1 1 Ronald Wilson Reagan 1981-1989 21 Cater, Jimmy, Why Not the Best?, (New York: Bantam Books, 1994), pp.141. 22 2003 251-261 8
23 24 1982 George Herbert Walker Bush 1989-1993 25 Bill Clinton 1993-2001 1993 5 28 23 2004 6 11 24 303-326 25 2000 96 9
1994 26 George Walker Bush 2001 2004 27 1970 26 118 27 2005 1 23 10
1970 comprehensive engagement policy 1999-2004 1999 interdependence 1999 Kosovo East Timor 1999 1. China Democracy Party CDP reeducation-through-labor camps 2. patriotic education campaign 11
3. 1998 890 4. 1. Civil Society 2. 28 1999 28 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-1999, (2000). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/65.htm 12
2000 the Department's Annual Report on International Religious Freedom 2000 countries of particular concern 29 2001 9 11 2001 al-qaida 2001 the Department's Annual Report on International Religious Freedom countries of particular concern 200 1999 2001 29 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2000, (2001). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/648.htm 13
30 2001 2001 Lorne Craner Lorne Craner 2002 12 17 31 32 9 1990 33 30 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2001, (2002). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/8147.htm 31 2002/12/17 http://the-sun.orisun.com/channels/news/20021217/index.html 32 2002/12/21 33 2002/12/18 14
34 2002 2 35 2002 34 2002/12/19 35 2002/03/06 http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2002/new/mar/6/today-s1.htm 15
2002 2002 36 2003 2003 2002 HIV/AIDS 2003 1 Lobsang Dondrub Sichuan 2002 Tenzin Deleg Rinpoche 2003 500,000 37 23 23 7 23 23 36 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2002, (2003). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18134.htm 37 2005 4 23 16
23 23 HIV/AIDS All-China Federation of Trade Unions 38 2004 2002 2004 HIV/AIDS SARS reeducation-through-labor camps Countries of Particular Concern 39 (Freedom House) 1999-2005 Freedom House 2005 38 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2003, (2004). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/29637.htm 39 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2004, (2005). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41586.htm 17
2004 1999-2005 Freedom House 1-7 Free Partly Free Not 1999-2005 Freedom House Year Political Rights Civil Liberties Status 1999-2000 7 6 Not Free 2000-2001 7 6 Not Free 2001-2002 7 6 Not Free 2003 7 6 Not Free 2004 7 6 Not Free 2005 7 6 Not Free Freedom in the World 1999-2005 1999-2005 7 Freedom House 6 1999-2005 Freedom House Year Political Rights Civil Liberties Status 1999-2000 2 2 Free 2000-2001 1* 2 Free 2001-2002 1 2 Free 2003 2* 2 Free 2004 2 2 Free 2005 2 1* Free Freedom in the World 1999-2005 2000-2001 2 1 50 18
2003 1 2 2005 2 1 40 1999-2000 Freedom House Freedom House 1999-2005 2000 50 6 1999-2004 911 911 APEC 2001 911 intervention 40 Freedom House, Freedom in the World,1999-2005 19
soft power 20
2005 1 23 Geogre H. Sabine 1991 Locke, John 1982 Tyler, Patrick 2000 2002/12/19 2002/12/18 2002/12/21 2002/12/17 http://the-sun.orisun.com/channels/news/20021217/index.html 42 5 92 9 2002/03/06 http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2002/new/mar/6/today-s1.htm 2003 45 3 2002 3 85-97 2004 6 11 2003 2000 1987 I 11 2000 9 41 2 91 3 1945 1948 Cater, Jimmy, Why Not the Best?, (New York: Bantam Books, 1994), pp.141. Doyle, M. W., Kant, Liberal Legacies and Foreign Affairs, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 3, (1993), pp. 205-235. Freedom House, Freedom in the World 1999-2005 Putnam, Robert D., Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, 21
(New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993). Ruggie, John Gerard, Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalization, (London: Routledge, 1998). U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2004, (2005). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41586.htm U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-1999, (2000). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/65.htm U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2000, (2001). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/648.htm U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2001, (2002). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/8147.htm U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2002, (2003). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18134.htm U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2003, (2004). http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/29637.htm 22