DOI:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2014.02.006 13 2 2014 6 Journal of Beijing Forestry University Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 Jun. 2014 2 000 19 K20 A 1671-61162014-02-0015-11 The Cultivation History of Apple in China LUO Gui-huan Institute for the History of Natural SciencesCASBeijing 100190 P. R. China Abstract Apple is an ancient fruit in Chinawith a cultivation history of more than 2 000 years. However few people have recognized that in different historical periods there are different varieties and names of apple. According to relevant historical sources and archeological informationearly apples planted in ancient China were mainly varieties originated in western Xingjiangwhich were called Nai Malus domestica subsp. Chinensisand LinqinMalus asiatica. The latter was more favored. Since the Tang Dynasty there appeared some new varieties of apple such as QiuziBimbaHaihongand etc. Bimba is a red flesh apple Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyanaprobably also originated in Xingjiang whose name comes from the Buddhist sutras. It was favored by people after Yuan Dynastyand was called Pingguo in short from the Ming Dynasty. Since the second half of 19th centuryapples cultivated in China were mainly varieties introduced from western countries. Though with the same name of Pingguo they were very different from those varieties in ancient China. Meanwhilenames such as NaiLinqin and etcwere forgotten gradually. From this case studywe can find that it is not reliable to deduce ancient cultivated plants according to those of the same names today. Key words XingjiangNaiBimbaapplecultivation history 19 20 Malus sieversi 2013-09-20 Emailguihuanl@ ihns. ac. cn 100190 19
16 13 Николай Иванович Вавилов 1887 1943 1 11 20 60 2 179 118 12 140 1 3 3 4 126 13 2 000 214 5 12 284 350 11 6 7 15 7 8 385 433 9 10 16 12 10 11 17 1 2 135
2 17 9 733 817 25 10 25 18 19 660 740 627 649 2 3 26 20 12 21 381 22 683 4 668 23 bimba 3 24 bimba bimbaja^ bimba = ja^la Momordica monadelpha 1 687 757 bimba 10 1 http www. sanskrita. org /wiki /index. php /bimbasetlang = es 2 410 3 410 4
18 13 6 28 773 23 29 30 1 31 227 32 33 10 1 2 8 1007
2 19 34 1 M. asiatica 37 1 1 1135 1189 41 35 36 2 38 39 1115 1184 40 7 3 42 Stereulia nobilis Amra 24 1 2 3
20 13 1500 6 9 37 43 1372 1432 1 2 3 1526 1590 1630 1696 44 2 45 45 46 47 1536 1588 1 3 2 30 3
2 21 53 48 47 30 43 49 54 50 1621 51 55 46 33 2 52 54 3 54
22 13 54 3 2 1871 1869 1928 56 57 177 59 60 61 62 58 29
2 23 1918 Pirus malus 63 63 1937 64 67 2n = 2x = 34 681 2n = 2x 3x 4x = 34 51 68 62 Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana 59 65 66 1 8 9 2x = 32
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