DOI:10.15984/j.cnki.1005-9512.2016.03.006 Patrimonialism 1993
1 despotic power infrastructure power power through society 2 1 1993 31 54 2 Michael Mann, States, War, and Capitalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1998, pp.5-9 73-123
3 4 1982 1982 1982 5 3 [] 1996 132 4 2009 97 99 1988 75 83 5 2007 5
6 1994 7 8 9 5 4: 1 6 2012 2012 238 7 2007 1 8 2013 12 30 2013 32 2013 6 206988.65 29256.49 66504.56 302748 108859.17 26655.77 43393.72 17.890866 2012 3 99 195 3465 100% 9 2003 90
GDP 10 active 輥輯訛 10 Lily Tsaiz, Accountability without Democracy: Solidary Groups and Public Goods Provision in Rural China, Cambridge University Press, 2007 輥輯訛 2015 6
80 devolution empowerment 輥輰訛 輥輱訛 輥輰訛 1993 100 輥輱訛 1986 729
輥輲訛 輥輳訛 輥輲訛 輥輰訛 106 輥輳訛 21 2004 33
輥輴訛 輥輵訛 localization 輥輴訛 3 1993 252 輥輵訛 2012 6
輥輶訛 subsidiarity 1992 輥輷訛 輦輮訛 輦輯訛 輦輰訛 輥輶訛 2016 1 輥輷訛 Treaty on European Union, Feb. 7, 1992, 31 I.L.M. 247. 輦輮訛 Neil MacCormick, Democracy, Subsidiarity, and Citizenship in the European Commonwealth, Law and Philosophy 16(4) (1997), pp.331. 輦輯訛 R. Prodi, Europe as I See It, Trans. A. Cameron, Polity Press, 2000. 輦輰訛 N. W. Barber, The Limited Modesty of Subsidiarity, European Law Journal, Vol.11, No.3, May 2005, pp.311-312.
輦輱訛 輦輲訛 1 2 3 4 5 6 2800 70% GDP 80% 輦輱訛 Daniel Halberstam, Federal Powers and the Principle of Subsidiarity, in Global Perspectives on Constitutional Law, pp.34 (Vikram David Amar and Mark V. Tushnet eds., 2009) 輦輲訛 輥輶訛
accountability -