161 1 7 2 5 1. 7 2 0. 7 % 1 9 9 1 9 2 2 2 0 3 3 7, 457, 698
162 The Communication Construction Facilitated by the Boxer Indemnity before and after the outbreak of Sino-Japanese War Abstract Hsiu-huan Chou * The communication construction before and after the outbreak of Sino-Japanese War by the National Government of Nanking was extremely difficult. During 1928-1936, the National Government experienced a yearly deficit of 1.7 billion, 20.7% of national expenditure. Under such circumstances, in order to boost nationa l construction the National Government could not but issue bonds by means of the Boxer Indemnity, and urged local governments and people to raise funds otherwise. Thus, the Boxer Indemnity reimbursed by the British Government was one of the im portant resources for the National Government to embark on com munication construction. The return of the Boxer Indemnity was officially agreed by the two parties on the 19 th and 22 nd of September 1930, and adopted by the British Congress after three readings and later approved by the Queen. Two-thirds of the Boxe r Indemnity was supposed to be returned, an amount about 7,457,698 lbs. The money was allotted to the construction of railroads, maritime communications, and telecommunications. The purpose of this paper was to study the use and the distribution of the indemnity, its contribution to the development of communication of the time, its impacts on the anti- Japanese War, and its influences on the nation s strength. Key words: the Boxer Indemnity, the Kwangtung-Hanko Railroad, the Capital Ferry, Sun Ko, Ling Hung-hsun * Researcher, Academia Historica
163 * ** 1 7 2 5 1. 7 2 0. 7 % 1 2 0 3 3 7, 4 5 7, 6 9 8 * 2003 9 30 2003 11 27 ** 1 1 9 8 8 9 5 3 0-5 3 1 1 7 2 5 2. 4 5 3 1. 5 % 3. 4 1 4 3 % 7 5 % 22 25
164 2 3 1 9 1. 4 5 6 2. 3. 2 6 4. 4 2 4 11 2 3 6 3 6 4 3 4 3 9 3 9 12 4 1 9 3 7-1 9 4 5 74 12 165-166
165 2 5 2 6 7 2, 0 3 0 1 6 2 4 6. 5 5 2 6 2 6 7 1 2 7 6 3 0 2 6 1 3, 875, 500 6 3 % 7 11, 186, 547 7, 457, 698 1 3 4 5 40,000 580,026.38 176,000 700,000 3,150,000 8,165,000 873,000 5 523-524 6 2 6 9 8 2. 6 0 / 5 0 4 4. 2-1 1483 7 462 26 454,000,000
166 2 2 2 3 4 4 14,519,000 1,791,000 28,501,000 1,207,733.83 164,449.73 600,000 4,530,000 35,583,209.94 8 1 1 9 4 7 3 2 1 3 1 2, -, - 184,152. -13,-3 241,176. -5,-3 210,298. -17,-2 261,721. -11, -1 31,912. -4, -9 27,779. -5, -8 115,709. -11, -5 104,416, -7, -11 27,476. -5, -2 110,053. -2, -1 1 3 1, 6 11. -7 149,628. -9, -4 56,801. -3, -3 24,745. -0, -9 2, 9 7 1, 9 4 5. 5 5 3, 7 7 9, 1 8 0. 3 2 3, 2 1 4, 4 0 6. 7 4, 3 2 5, 8 8 6. 11 5 2 8, 1 0 6. 9 4 4 5 6, 0 8 5. 5 6 1, 7 4 5, 0 6 3. 2 2 1, 7 2 9, 6 6 1. 7 4 7 1, 0 1 9. 5 7 1, 5 3 2, 0 3 0. 9 2 1, 8 8 3, 7 7 9. 4 9 2, 4 8 7, 3 3 0. 3 6 1 0, 3 0 4, 9 7 0. 8 2 8 5 4, 8 9 8. 7 2 3 8 1, 7 8 5. 3 2
167 1 126,366. -19, -8 349,638, -9, -1 2,153,487. -12, - 10 1, 236, 684. 04 1, 703, 475. 01 5, 134, 128. 37 33, 198, 783. 9 81 3 2, -, - 108,212. -15, -0 1 2 1,593,841. -11, 3-0 140,728. -15, -4 1 459,273. -2, -6 299,541, -16, -0 1 5,627, -13, -11 1 120,373, -19, -4 47,841, -0, -8 2 79,889. -16, -10 1, 7 8 0, 1 4 4. 1 7 2 4, 1 5 8, 7 5 7. 2 5 2, 3 8 4, 6 2 1. 1 6 2 8, 3 2 3, 5 2 2. 5 8 9, 3 3 8, 3 1 2. 2 5 1 3, 8 6 4, 4 4 1. 4 1 4 4, 9 6 9. 5 4 1, 9 3 3, 0 2 9. 6 9 7 3 6, 3 0 6. 2 2 2, 2 8 3, 6 3 7. 5 6
168 56,526. -8, -7 65,174. -12, -2 106,960. -17, - 11 3,083,992. -9, -3 1, 106, 236. 19 2, 820, 450. 39 3, 671, 919. 14 3, 551, 040. 11 64, 101, 945. 93 5, 2 3 7, 4 8 0 2 1 97,300,729.83 132,883,939.77 81 6 7, 129, 493. 40 3, 214, 406. 7 1 0, 546, 046. 08 1 8, 394, 441. 4 3, 779, 180. 32 4, 325, 886. 11 5 28, 106. 94 2, 842, 448. 96 111, 270, 116. 85 1, 972, 990. 26 7, 913, 799. 15 3, 551, 040. 11 1 3, 437, 829. 52 3, 551, 971. 93 5, 134, 128. 37 8, 686, 100. 3 8 8 2 0 4 2 8 7 9 4 7, 3 6 9, 0 0 0 5 7 1, 0 0 0 5 7 0 7, 3 6 9, 0 0 0 4, 9 1 2, 6 6 6 9 3 4
169 9 1 0 2 5 11 12 1 3 1, 0 9 6 1 4 3 1 7 3 5 1 5 9 4 10 6 0 10 9 11 9 1 8 3 12 4 3 4 11 54 11 485 13 8 6 8 1 174 14 8 3 1 0 6 1 8 7 1, 0 9 6 158 1,092 15 158
170 1 6 17 3 1 9 11 18 1 9 4 2 2 4 7 4 1 7 2 0 5 0 1 6 1 77 1 83 107 17 1 74-175 18 7 8 6 8 3 00 6 9 39-45 19 4 2 1 2 18 20 158 2 08-210 4 177 8 20 27 415
171 4 5 6 2 1 1 4 2 2 23 1 0 4 0 24 1 6 2 5 1 7 2 6 1 8 1 2 7 4 0 8, 4 0 0, 0 0 0 2, 5 3 7 4 8, 9 3 1 28 21 7 1 3 9 8 4 5 6 210 22 7 8 3 0 0 1 5 8 191 2 3 210 24 37-38 25 18 26 516 27 43 12 28 1 9 3 7 8 2 7 8 1 6 1 8 7-2 1 0 45 6 249
172 1 8 3 2 9 6 7, 3 6 9, 0 0 0 4 3 0 1 9 31 2 1 3 9 3 2 11 1 3 3 7 0 34 2 2 4 35 2 1 2 9 210 30 98 31 9 85 32 1995 8 592 3 3 210 94 97 34 9 8 210 35 99-100
173 36 2 2 7 1 8 6 2 4 1 0 2 0 0 4 5 0 1 7 6 3 1 3 7 0 2 0 4 7 0 3 7 38 4 39 2 4 40 2 5 4 2 8 9 1 36 42-43 37 4 3-4 4 78 300 38 43 230 39 43 230 4 0 2 4 11 78 566
174 4 1 8 1 2 6 42 3 8 4 3 4 4 4 0 % 4 5 2 1 46 4 41 2 4 1 2 1 2 593 42 4 3 2 3 1-2 3 2 120 43 191 44 158 45 5 46 82 6 17
175 2 2 1 2 5 2 2 4 2 2 6 7 47 7 2 1 2 2 7 3, 5 5 0 3 0 0 3, 8 5 0 1 5 0 1, 9 2 0 1, 2 6 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 2 8 0 48 500 2 2 8 9 9 3 4 9 1 0 1 47 1 8 9-190 4 8 2 4 11 78 540-541 4 9 211 103
176 5 0 51 2 2 7 2 6 6 2 3 6 2 1 2 4 4 6 8 5 2 5 3 2 5 4 2 8 3 4 54 55 5 0 2 3 1 27 8 4 3 0 86 103-105 51 1 0 192-193 5 2 2 11-212 215 53 7 8 3 0 1 54 1 8 9-1 9 1 212 112-113 55 1 9 1-196
177 2 3 3 56 7 0 2 2 7 3 1 57 1 3 2 2 6 2 9 58 56 104 5 7 2 4 11 78 541 5 8 2 4 11 78 541
178 2 1 1 5 59 2 0 2 0 60 2 2 2 2 4 7 0 2 0 4 5 0 2 9 0 1 6 02 2 61 10 5 5 9 2 4 11 78 541-542 6 0 2 4 11 78 543 61 331/4
179 3, 5 5 1 9 0 2 7 0 62 2 3 5 2 8 1 5 0 2 3 6 1 6 2 3 3 5 1 1 7 1 2 4 1 1 2 5 3 6 1 1 2 3 7 11 63 2 5 64 62 6 3 1 7 2-1 / 3 1 6 3 24 11 78 545 64 29
180 2 3 1 0 6 5 6 6 8 0 % 1 5 2, 3 4 1 2 1 0 5 3 3 5 3 9 7 0 6 7 1 4 0 1 4 5 5 6 8 69 7 0 2 5 71 65 29 66 516-517 67 2 9 525 68 525 69 61 70 83 71 107
181 2 0 72 73 1 8 7 4 1 9 72 1 98-201 73 78 302 74 5 17 6 3 6 35
182 2 7 0 2 1 3 1 7 0 2 3 75 1 0 1 1 9 0 1 2 0 2 2 1 4 76 23 1 2 9 0 2 3 7 2 5 1 2 6 9 1 0 1, 2 3 1 2 3 2 6 9 7 3 0 77 2 7 2 8 3 1 5 75 5 1 7 7 8 3 0 3 35 76 7 8 3 0 3 35 77 4 8 5 5 1 8 7 8 3 0 3-3 0 4 36
183 1, 7 0 0 1 5 0 2 3 2 3 78 79 470 9 0 3, 4 0 0 4 5 4 5 1 0 4 5 9 0 3 1, 4 0 0 2 5 78 526 79 3 2 7 526 68
184 1 2 11 8 0 81 3 6 2 0 1 0 5 6 9 82 83 270 204 2 5 11 1 6 0 2 6 1 25 0 2 6 11 84 8 0 2 6 2 5 1210/8367.02-02 81 4 3 3 2 7 5 2 6 7 8 312 68-70 82 43 328 83 43 328-329 84 5 2 6 78 312
185 1. 2. 3. 8 5 2 7 M a r s m a n & Co. 86 2 7 6 2 0 0 2 8 87 2 9 7 1 0 3 0 2 85 43 14 86 43 336 87 43 336-337
186 9 88 8 8 0 3 0 1 2 3 89 3, 7 9 3 1, 6 0 0 9 0 91 88 43 337 89 4 3 1 4-15 3 38 528-529 90 4 56 9 03 4 08 8 00 1 93 480 2 10 2 16 7 4 7 7 520-521 2, 900 2, 080 8 04 7 8 320 91 250
187 92 9 3 9 4 95 96 92 249 9 3 3 8 4 6 6 5 3 9 9-4 0 6 73 11 25 188 94 38 4 399-406 95 2 0 0 3 2 242 96 38 4 399-406
188 5 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 2 3 97 4 3 1 8 7 3 1 2 1 5 5 4 1 6 1 3 3 0 8 5 9 2 1 1 0 98 1 8 6 2 2 5 3 5 4 3 6 9 9 4 3 97 522 98 7 8 8 0-8 1 2 4 0-2 4 2 12 1992 759 9 9 2 2 7 1 2 22/200.04/0037.2
189 1 0 0 101 4 2 2 2 8 4 3 4 4 8 3 1 7 3 1 9 1 0 0 Swan Hunter Barclay Curle 2 Swan Hunter 170,080 Barclay Curle 169,150 325 47 3,200 17 6 102 2 3 11 1 3 1 0 3 11 2 4 1 2 1 0 1 2 11 2 1 2 2 1 0 4 100 1 9 2 8-1 9 3 7 76 6 248 101 7 8 2 4 0-2 4 2 2 3 1 2 78 408 319-320 1 0 2 2 3 1 2 7 8 408 1 0 3 11 1200.04/0037.01-10 1 0 4 1 2 1200.04/0037.01-10
190 105 1 7 9 4 3 3 0 3 2 0 2 3 4 106 24 10 10 2 5 3 2 4 2 9 2 5 9 5 1 0 7 2 7 7 1 7 9 7 3 4 108 1, 100 1 0 5 1 1200.04/0037.01-11 106 558-560 589-598 602 611 107 68 10 542 108 558-560 589-598 602 611
191 109 1 9 11 0 1 9 1 2 1 111 11 2 113 1 8 0, 0 2 5 2 1 3 8 1 0 1 2 2 2 4 11 4 3 6 0 3 7 11 5 1 1 8 7 2, 0 1 3 2 1 8 1 6 2 2 9 3 1 0 5 0 3 0 2 5 6, 0 0 0 4 580,026 116 109 4 3 4 1 3 45 110 4 3 4 1 3 5 5 8 4 3-4 5 111 7 8 111 78 306 112 383 113 78 114 114 78 114 115 1 9 3 7-1 9 4 5 166 11 6 7 8 11 4 43 416
192 1 6 1 6 2 2 2 1 0 11 7 3, 5 5 1, 9 2 5. 2 5 118 46.68 26 12 2 2 9 11 9 1 2 2 2 1 2 0 27 121 1 9 122 1 7 2 5 11 7 2 4 11 7 8 5 4 2 558-559 11 8 2 4 11 78 546 119 393 1 2 0 7 8 11 4-11 5 43 416 121 5 5 9 43 416 122 7 8 11 5 3 0 6 486
193 123 4 16 23 24 25 1,100 1,239 1,346 1,422 90,000 104,000 2,400 2,600 350 3,400 365-403 2 6 2 3 6 6 1 74 1 7 2 6 6 1 4 124 123 8 0 12 1062 124 18 1 14 150 18 7 1 100 19 5 7 120 19 12 6 160 20 6 1 300
194 125 1 6 2 0 2 5 7 3 3 7 5 2, 9 0 8 7, 8 0 0 1 2 6 4, 0 0 0 2 6 4 8 0 7 2 5 2 2 6 5 127 20 2 20 200 20 7 1 80 21 2 5 150 22 3 10 80 22 5 19 160 23 2 3 350 23 6 1 150 24 1 21 26 6 5 401-402 1 2 5 1 2 0 0. 1 0 / 5 0 8 0-1 2 6 2 1 78 130 126 547 127 547
195 7 8 1 6 11 128 1 7 6 8 9 1 129 1 9 1 8 3 130 1 9 3 11 12 8 1 200. 10 / 5080-1 888 894 129 4 00-401 1 063 1200.10/5080-1 889 13 0 1 200. 10 / 5080-1 890
196 1 2 6 1 3 1 2 0 2 2 1 11 2 0 4 132 1 9 1 2 2 0 1 3 3 2 1 5 7 5 3 0 2 1 5 1 8 9 7 2 1 5 134 12 8 1. 2 4 2. 5 0 1 0 0 1 6 2 1 6 2 0 1 3 5 1 3 6 131 401 1 3 2 1 2 0 0. 1 0 / 5 0 8 0-1 890-891 133 401 1 3 4 2 5 5 1 2 6 9 4-6 9 7 17 1 3 5 2 5 5 12 697 136 1200.10/5080-1
197 1 15 6 137 2 1 8 2 1 2 3 1 3 8 5 0 1 1 6 2 2 1 2 139 23 2 3 2 6 6 1 4 1 4 0 2 6 2 7 141 1. 4, 500 1 6 1 3 7 2 5 5 12 697 138 1200.10/5080-1 139 1200.10/5080-1 140 401 141 1068
198 1 4 2 2 0 1 4 3 2 2 11 2 3 4 8 144 Standard Telephones and Cables Ltd. 2 3 1 4 5 6 2 7 1 4 6 1 4 7 1 4 8 142 1063 1066-1067 143 1063 1066-1067 1 4 4 12 722-724 1 4 5 2 3 2 2 6 27-04/156-3 1 4 6 1 2 0 0. 0 4 / 3 6. 0 1-9 1063 1066-1067 1 4 7 1 2 0 0. 0 4 / 3 6. 0 1-9 1063 1 4 8 2 3 2 2 6 2 7-0 4 / 1 5 6-3 1200.04/037.01-12
199 149 2 5 5 2 6 150 5, 4 1 4, 9 5 0. 0 9 2, 1 8 7, 8 3 0. 6 0 3, 2 2 7, 11 9. 4 9 2 0 2 4 2 2 3 1 5 1 2 152 2. 2 4 149 1067 1 5 0 2 3 2 2 6 27-04/156-3 1 5 1 2 3 2 2 4 11 0 12 738 1 5 2 2 5 9 1 5 110
200 1 5 3 2 6 6 154 3 3 155 5, 0 0 9 7 4 4 6, 5 0 9, 4 0 4 1 5 3 2 7 3 3 0 106 154 1067 1 5 5 2 7 3 3 0 1 0 6 1067-1068
201 5, 0 4 1 4 9 5 4, 9 2 2, 7 9 2 3, 1 2 2 2, 7 6 7, 5 5 2 1 4, 1 9 9, 7 4 8 156 166,800 31 12 106,880 19 11 1, 5 0 0 5, 0 0 0 5 0 7 3, 0 0 0 1 8 3 81 0 157 2 0 2 0 1 5 8 1 0 159 1 5 6 2 7 3 3 0 3 2 7 2 2 106 157 1066-1067 158 403 159 403
202 6 16 26 1,200 1,400 90,000 170,000 2,200 2,670 1 0 1 6 4, 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 7, 9 0 0 7 0 0 160 161 160 1200.10/5080-2 161 38 4 399-406
203 162 163 1 8 1 2 0 3 1 6 2 4 163 38 4 399-406
204 1 6 4 165 1 4 1 6 6 4 167 1 6 4 4 1 6 5 4 8 2 3 8 4 399-406 166 38 4 399-406 167 3 8 4 399-406
205 4 81 82 110 106 27-04/156-3 331/4 172-1/3163 2 2 / 2 0 0. 0 4 / 0 0 3 7. 2 2 2 7 1 2 1200.04/0037.01-10 11 12 1200.04/0037.01-11 1 1200.04/0037.01-12 9
206 1200.10/5080-1 982.60/5044.2-1 26 1210/8367.02-02 80 12 54 11 66 5 45 6 71 3 2 5 60 10 81 6 1 2 1992 4 2 12 4 3
207 93 63 6 68 10 7 3 11 25 1995 8 69 2 0 0 3 1 9 2 8-1 9 3 7 76 6 1 9 3 7-1945 74 12 7 8 68 1988 9 1988 9 7 8 68
208 82 6