迎樂路自然徑 Park Promenade Nature Trail 65
迎樂路自然徑全長約六百米, 從迪士尼樂園主題公園入口的噴水池旁開始, 沿行人徑向南行直至迪士尼碼頭附近 自然徑兩旁種有很多樹木, 亦吸引了不少的蝴蝶 我們重點介紹其中十五種樹木和六種蝴蝶, 作為自然教材 迎樂路自然徑路程適中, 路徑安全易走, 樹木整齊地栽種在路旁或是路中的花槽, 易於觀賞, 而路上不乏蝴蝶愛吃的蜜源植物, 有機會看到數種蝴蝶採食花蜜 要走畢全程並觀賞全篇介紹的生物, 約需一小時三十分鐘至兩小時 沿途播放著的迪士尼音樂, 伴隨著大家欣賞自然 The Park Promenade Nature Trail is 600 - meter long, and starts by the fountain at the entrance to the Hong Kong Disneyland and ends near the Disneyland Resort Pier. A variety of trees have been planted along the trail and attract lots of butterflies. A total of 15 tree species and 6 butterfly species are being introduced in this trail. The Park Promenade Nature Trail is an easy and relaxing walk. It is a good length for a stroll, and is safe, with trees planted alongside it and in plant troughs, there are some nectar plants butterflies like to consume. It should take you 1.5 to 2 hours to complete the trail, while observing the species this chapter introduces, Disney music is playing along the trail. 66 67
迪士尼碼頭 Disneyland Resort Pier 迎樂路自然徑 Park Promenade Nature Trail 5 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 4 香港迪士尼樂園酒店 Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel 1 垂葉榕 Weeping Fig 2 彩虹雨樹 Rainbow Shower Tree 3 玉斑鳳蝶 Red Helen 4 蘇鐵 Cycas 5 曲紋紫灰蝶 Plains Cupid 6 散尾葵 Bamboo Palm 7 雞蛋花 Temple Tree 8 菜王棕 South American Royal Palm 9 藍點紫斑蝶 Blue-spotted Crow 10 大葉榕 Moreton Bay Fig 11 油棕 African Oil Palm 12 星果樹 Star Apple 13 網絲蛺蝶 Common Mapwing 14 細葉榕 Chinese Banyan 15 梨花遷粉蝶 Mottled Emigrant 16 細葉欖仁 Madagascar Almond 17 真跡樹 Autograph Tree 18 黑板樹 Bitter Bark 19 黃槿 Cuban Bast 20 翠藍眼蛺蝶 Blue Pansy 21 血桐 Elephant s Ear 3 2 涼亭 Pavilion 洗手間 Toilet 1 香港迪士尼樂園入口 Entrance of Hong Kong Disneyland 68 69
1 桑科 Moraceae Weeping Fig is native to Southeast Asia and the northern part of Australia, and has upright branches and aerial roots. The leaves are elliptical, sharp at the tips and with wavy margins. As with other members of the Ficus genus, it bears round syconia that turn orange-red when mature. 2 蘇木科 Caesalpiniaceae Rainbow Shower Tree originates from Honolulu, Hawaii. It has an umbellate canopy, even pinnate compound leaves and long ovate leaflets. The five-petaled, drooping flowers are coloured rather like a rainbow: white, yellow, pink and red. Hence the name Rainbow Shower. 導賞資料 : 枝葉易於修剪, 加上再生能力強, 因而常被修剪成各種形態, 用於園藝 迎樂路自然徑兩旁就有多列由垂葉榕修剪成的 綠色籬笆 Did you know? Weeping Fig is often used in landscaping as it is easily pruned and regenerated. The Park Promenade Nature Trail is lined with several green fences of Weeping Figs. 導賞資料 : 彩虹雨樹是決明屬兩種植物 爪哇決明及豬腸豆 (49 頁 ) 的天然混種, 由於是兩種不同種植物雜交而成, 故不能結果, 只可以靠扦插或嫁接法繁殖 Did you know? Rainbow Shower Tree is a natural hybrid of two Cassia plants Pink Shower (Cassia javanica) and Goldenshower (p.49). Being a hybrid, it cannot bear fruit and can only be reproduced by cutting or grafting. 70 71
3 導賞資料 : 玉斑鳳蝶與玉帶鳳蝶 (51 頁 ) 的白斑型相似, 但玉斑鳳蝶的白斑長在後翅外緣, 而白斑型玉帶鳳蝶的白斑則長在近腹部位置 Did you know? Red Helen is similar to the polytes form of Common Mormon (p.51 ). The key to distinguishing the species is the position of the white spots, which are near the edge of hindwings in Red Helen and are found near the abdomen in the polytes form of Common Mormon. 鳳蝶科 Papilionidae Red Helen is the most common local member of the Papilionidae. Its wings are mainly black, with a white spot and a long wing tail on each hindwing. 4 導賞資料 : 蘇鐵是最原始的裸子植物, 在侏羅紀時代已經存在, 外形及其他特徵在二億年來均沒有太大改變, 所以又稱為 活化石 蘇鐵亦是曲紋紫灰蝶 (74 頁 ) 幼蟲的食料 Did you know? Cycas is the most primitive gymnosperm, having existed since Jurassic times and undergone little change in its appearance and features for 200 million years. It is therefore called a living fossil. Cycas is a food source of the larvae of the butterfly Plains Cupid (p.74). 蘇鐵科 Cycadaceae Cycas is native to southern China and Southeast Asia. It resembles a palm, and has pinnate compound leaves, linear leaflets and acock margin. The male flower is long and conical; the female flower is covered in fine, brown hair. The seed is obovate and red-skinned. 玉斑鳳蝶喜愛吸食龍船花 Red Helen likes to sipping nectars 展翅 Wingspan: 90-110mm 72 73
5 灰蝶科 Lycaenidae The undersides of the wings of Plains Cupid are grey, with arcs formed by white dashes. There are short wing tails and two orange eye spots on the hindwings. The uppersides of the wings are metallic purplish blue in males and brownish grey in females. 6 棕櫚科 Arecaceae Bamboo Palm is native to Madagascar. It grows in shrub-like clusters, and has pinnate compound leaves and linear leaflets. It has a conical, green fleshy flower spike. Its fruits are oval drupes that turn golden yellow when mature. 導賞資料 : 蘇鐵是曲紋紫灰蝶的幼蟲食料 迎樂路自然徑長有數株蘇鐵, 成為曲紋紫灰蝶出沒的熱點 Did you know? Cycas is the favourite food of Plains Cupid caterpillars. As there are several Cycas along the Park Promenade Nature Trail, it is a good place to get close to this species. 導賞資料 : 散尾葵是叢生狀的棕櫚, 並不會獨立一株生長, 加上它的枝幹與有節的竹幹相似常帶有黃綠色澤, 外觀上和禾本科的竹類相似, 所以英文俗名稱為 像竹的棕櫚 Did you know? The branches of Bamboo Palm resemble the yellowish-green knotted shoots of bamboo of the Poaceae family. Hence it is called Bamboo Palm. 在迎樂路種有蘇鐵, 附近不難發現曲紋紫灰蝶的踪影 Along the Park Promenade near the Cycas, the Plains Cupids are ready to find. 展翅 Wingspan: 30mm 曲紋紫灰蝶的蛹 The pupa of Plains Cupid 74 75
7 導賞資料 : 白花黃心的品種是園藝栽培種, 少有結果 此品種的花朵是中藥五花茶主要材料之一 Did you know? The species bearing white flowers with yellow cores is cultivated and seldom bears fruits. Its flowers are key ingredients of Five-flower Chinese Herbal Tea. 夾竹桃科 Apocynaceae Temple Tree is native to Mexico and Central America. It has an umbrella-like canopy, and the leaves are long, elliptical and fascioled. There are several cultivated species of Temple Tree, which can be distinguished partly by their leaf tips. The flowers are of different colour combinations too: mainly mixing milky white, yellow and red. The fruits are dark brown follicles. 8 導賞資料 : 菜王棕為典型的單子葉植物, 它的樹幹上會有一圈圈的痕, 這是舊葉脫落後的痕跡, 這些葉痕可幫助大家更易辨認棕櫚科植物 Did you know? South American Royal Palm is a typical plant whose seedling has only one leaf. On its trunk you can see circular scars marking where leaves have fallen. These scars help to identify plants of the palm family. 棕櫚科 Arecaceae As the name suggests, South American Royal Palm is an indigenous plant of Tropical America. Its canopy is clustered at the tip and it has a tall and vertical tree form. Its pinnate compound leaves grow to around 3-meter in length, while the leaflets grow on the same plane. The flowers grow in spikes; the oval fruits turn light blackish purple when mature. 76 77
9 導賞資料 : 藍點紫斑蝶是香港最常見的斑蝶之一, 愛群集停留在山谷和樹林中過冬, 直至天氣回暖後才離開過冬的隊伍 牠的飛行速度緩慢, 易於觀察 Did you know? Blue-spotted Crow is one of the most common Danaids in Hong Kong. Groups of Blue-spotted Crows often overwinter in valleys and forests until the weather becomes warm again. This butterfly likes to fly slowly, and is easy to observe. 斑蝶科 Danaidae Blue-spotted Crow looks blackish brown, but shines purplish blue in sunlight. There are white dots on the forewings, and white dots forming a line on the edge of the hindwings. 一羣藍點紫斑蝶停留在樹上過冬 Blue-spotted Crows overwintering on trees 10 導賞資料 : 榕屬的隱花果又稱為無花果, 因為它細小的花朵藏在密封的花托中, 表面看來就像還沒有開花就已結果一樣 這類植物必須靠某一特定品種的榕小蜂來傳播花粉 ; 同樣地, 榕小蜂如找不到特定品種的榕樹產卵, 則不能繁衍後代 Did you know? The fleshy fruits of trees in the Ficus genus are called syconia. The small flowers are hidden in the sealed receptacle, leading to the mistaken impression that fruits are bore before the flowers bloom. These trees must rely on species-specific fig wasps to pollinate their flowers. Similarly, fig wasps must lay eggs in specific species of fig trees; otherwise they will fail to reproduce. 桑科 Moraceae Moreton Bay Fig is native to Australia. Its canopy is broad and slightly ball-shaped. It has strong aerial roots. Its simple leaves are elliptical and smooth, and often have rusty scales on the undersides. Young leaves are covered in a stipules. It has a green, oval syconium that turns purple with light spots when mature. 展翅 Wingspan: 85-95mm 78 79
11 棕櫚科 Arecaceae African Oil Palm originates from tropical areas of Africa. Its canopy is clustered at the top of the trunk. The compound leaves are greyish green, with all leaflets arranged on the same plane. The bark is covered with the remains of stalk bases. The male flowers grow in spikes, while the female flowers form a flower head. The fruits are eggshaped or obovate, and turn orange-red when mature. 12 導賞資料 : 果肉白色, 可食用 由於果實貌似蘋果, 切開果實後果心呈星形, 所以英文俗名稱為 星蘋果, 中文名則叫 星果樹 山欖科 Sapotaceae Star Apple originates from Tropical America and West Indies. Its canopy is a long ellipse or is irregular in shape. The elliptical simple leaves have pointed tips. The undersides of leaves and the young branches are covered with shiny, golden brown hair. It has a bellshaped, light yellow corolla. The round berries turn dark purple when mature. 導賞資料 : 油棕的果實含有大量油份, 果實和種子都可以榨油, 用於工業及食用, 是世界重要的產油植物 Did you know? As its name suggests, African Oil Palm s fruits are rich in oil, and this is an important oil-producing plant. The oils extracted from fruits and seeds can be used as cooking oil and for industrial uses. Did you know? The fruit has white edible pulp. As the fruit resembles an apple and segments are star-shaped, its common name is Star Apple. 80 81
13 導賞資料 : 網絲蛺蝶翅膀上的條紋有如地圖, 所以又名 地圖蝶 幼蟲愛吃榕樹葉片, 在迎樂路自然徑的細葉榕 (83 頁 ) 附近, 不難發現網絲蛺蝶在找尋合適的葉片產卵 蛺蝶科 Nymphalidae The wings of Common Mapwing are mainly white. Some individuals may have pale yellow wings. There are irregular black lines running through the forewings and hindwings. The margin of wings is uneven. A short wing tail is present on each hindwing. 14 桑科 Moraceae Chinese Banyan is native to southern China including Hong Kong, Southeast Asia and Australia. It has an umbrella shaped canopy and dense branches. It can grow tall, and has slender aerial roots. The simple leaves are elliptical, and dark green. The ball-shaped fruit is a syconium which turns pink when mature. Did you know? As the English name suggests, the wing patterns of this butterfly recall a map. Its caterpillars feed on the leaves of Chinese Banyan (p.83). As there are several banyans along the Park Promenade Nature Trail, Common Mapwings are often found here. 導賞資料 : 細葉榕的種子可在其他樹的樹幹上發芽生長, 附生在其他樹木, 氣根會將原本的樹團團包起來, 並搶走它的營養 另一方面, 榕樹的樹冠會遮蓋陽光, 最後原本的樹會死亡, 這種現象叫做 絞殺現象 Did you know? The seeds of Chinese Banyan can germinate and grow on the branches of other trees, in which case its aerial roots will form a lattice around the host tree and steal its nutrients. Its dense canopy also reduces sunlight reaching the host tree, which will slowly die. Growing in this fashion, it becomes a strangler fig. 展翅 Wingspan: 55mm 82 83
15 導賞資料 : 梨花遷粉蝶的飛行快速, 不愛停留, 但由於體型大且顏色鮮豔, 所以亦不難發現牠 牠與遷粉蝶 (50 頁 ) 的體型 外貌和習性均十分相似, 但唯獨梨花遷粉蝶的翅膀才有淡褐色波浪形斑紋 Mottled Emigrant is a swift flyer, which seems to fly nonstop. It is not difficult to find because its large size and bright colour. It is similar in appearance and behaviour to Lemon Emigrant (p.50) ; the good distinguishing feature between these two is the colouring of the undersides of the wings, which is only the Mottled Emigrant will have yellow with dusty brown wave patterns. 粉蝶科 Pieridae The wings of Mottled Emigrant are pale greenish yellow, with dusty brown wave patterns. 16 導賞資料 : 細葉欖仁生長緩慢, 每一年會長出一輪枝條, 算算幾輪就知道樹的年紀, 是少數單從外觀就可以計算年齡的樹木 Did you know? Madagascar Almond grows very slowly. Each year a new layer of horizontal branches grows, so you can calculate the age of a tree by counting these layers. This makes it one of few tree species whose age can be determined from its appearance. 使君子科 Combretaceae As you would guess from the name, Madagascar Almond originates from Madagascar. Its canopy is conical, and its branches spread horizontally. The trunk is straight and the branches whorl around it in conspicuous layers. The simple leaves are small and obovate. The tiny flowers are inconspicuous, and the fruits are elliptical. 梨花遷粉蝶常在迎樂路上的花叢附近間飛舞 The Mottled Emigrant likes to fly near the flowering shrubs at the Park Promenade Nature Trail 展翅 Wingspan: 60mm 跟梨花遷粉蝶十分像樣的遷粉蝶 The Lemon Emigrant, with similar appearance with the Mottled Emigrant 84 85
17 山竹子科 Clusiaceae Autograph Tree originates from Tropical America. It has an irregular canopy and aerial roots. The leaves are obovate and arrayed on stems with successive pairs at right angles. The leaves are leathery to reduce water loss. The corolla is pinkish white. The fruit is a wooden capsule that cracks open to reveal many red seeds. 18 導賞資料 : 黑板樹的樹幹木材適合做課室的黑板, 亦是它的俗名的由來 樹葉成輪狀生長, 樣子和掌狀複葉十分相似, 但其實每一塊均是獨立的葉片 夾竹桃科 Apocynaceae Bitter Bark is a native of Tropical Asia and Australia. Its canopy is slightly elliptical. The lance-shaped, whorled leaves have smooth surfaces. The flowers are greenish white. The fruits are slender cylindrical follicles that droop and cluster together. 導賞資料 : 真跡樹葉片堅韌, 可長時間保留, 從前的人會用作雕刻之用, 這是英文俗名 簽名樹 的由來 Did you know? The leaves of Autograph Tree are sturdy and can be kept for a long time. It was used for carving in the past. Hence the name Autograph Tree. Did you know? The wood of Bitter Bark is suitable for making blackboards, earning it the Chinese name. The leaves grow in whorls that resemble palmate compound leaves, though in fact each is a single leaf rather than comprising leaflets. 86 87
19 導賞資料 : 黃槿被歸類為類紅樹, 類紅樹與真紅樹關係密切, 常常一同出現在紅樹林生境中, 但類紅樹並沒有真紅樹為適應鹹淡水相交環境的特殊結構 Did you know? Cuban Bast is classified as a mangrove associate, as it s closely related to mangroves and is often found in mangrove stands. Yet mangrove associates do not have the special structures of mangroves that are adaptations for life in brackish water. 錦葵科 Malvaceae Cuban Bast is found throughout much of Tropical and Sub-tropical Asia including Hong Kong and Oceania. Its canopy is rounded or irregular; its bark is greyish white with deep vertical cracks. The simple leaves are heart-shaped, with long stalks. Its flowers are yellow, bell-shaped, and dark red in the core. The broad, oval capsule turns brown and breaks into five petals when it matures. 20 導賞資料 : 翠藍眼蛺蝶的飛行速度高, 但飛行距離較短 喜歡停在空曠的草地或水泥地上, 遇到騷擾時會迅速飛走, 但隨即又會再次停下 Did you know? This butterfly often makes short but rapid flights. Generally, it favours grassland or bare ground. When disturbed, it escapes quickly, and stops a short flight away. 蛺蝶科 Nymphalidae The forewings of Blue Pansy are black; each has a diagonal beige band at the apex. The hindwings are metallic blue and marked by large red eye spots, which mimic the eyes of large animals. 翠藍眼蛺蝶喜愛在開揚的地方活動 Blue Pansy likes to fly around open areas 展翅 Wingspan: 60mm 跟翠藍眼蛺蝶相似的蛇眼蛺蝶 Lemon Pansy (Junonia lemonias) looks like Blue Pansy 88 89
21 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae Elephant s Ear is native to East Asia including Hong Kong, Southeast Asia and Australia. Its canopy is umbrella-shaped, and the leaves are peltate with long stalks. When it blooms, large strings of yellowish green inflorescences grow among the leaves. The round fruit has green skin that is covered with soft stings. 導賞資料 : 血桐的葉片因為酷似象耳, 所以英文名稱叫 象耳 若砍伐血桐的枝幹, 會流出汁液, 汁液氧化後會變成血紅色, 因而得名 血桐 Did you know? The name Elephant s Ear derives from the leaves being shaped rather like an elephant s ear. When cuts are made in the branches, sap flows out; this oxidizes to turn blood red hence the Chinese name. 90