英文科總複習講義 ( 重要句型 -2) 1 名詞子句 : 有 名詞 性質的子句, 不能單獨一句 有三種 特性只要有 未來時間, 要用 未來式 V 第一種名詞子句 :that + S + V + O 有三種用法 此種有 已確認 知道 毫無疑問的意思 1. 當 受詞 that 可以省略 句型 (1) 人 + be + 形 + (that) + S + V + O (2) 人 + 一般 V + (that) + S + V + O (3) 人 + tell + O( 受詞 ) + (that) + S + V + O 2. 當 放在 be 後當主詞補語 或 放在 it 開頭的句子後面當主詞 that 不能省略 句型 (1) It s + 形 + (that) + S + V + O = That + S + V + O is + 形. 名詞子句視做單數 N (2) The + 最高級 + 名 + be + that + S + V + O it 是虛字當主詞真 S 是 that + S + V + O. 1. I am sure (that) it will be cold tomorrow. 2. I know (that) you are right. 3. Please tell me (that) English is an easy subject. 4. It s true that Tom got the best grades yesterday. = That Tom got the best grades yesterday is true. 5. The most surprising thing is that Mary married Tom last night. 第二種名詞子句又叫做 間接問句 : 疑問詞 + S + V + O 此種是名詞子句中常考! 注意 : 一定是疑問詞寫完後, 才能接 S + V + O! 屬於無中文的助動詞 (do, does, did) 在間接問句中是不可能出現! 但否定時 (don t, doesn t, didn t) 卻不能省略! 注意 : 整句主詞同一個時, 可把名詞子句改成名詞片語 疑問詞 + to + VR where to live how to do it what to do who to ask 1. Where was he? I don t know where he was. 2. Why did he leave Tainan? Tell me why he left Tainan. 3. What did the girl not eat? Could you tell me what the girl didn t eat? 4. I don t know which book I should choose. I don t know which book to choose. 9
5. Can someone tell me where I should go? Can someone tell me where to go? 第三種名詞子句 :if + S + V + O / whether + S + V + O or not 注意 :(1) 此種子句有 還不清楚 不確認 有疑問 的感覺 (2) 此種子句要在 未知 未確認 想知道 感覺的 V 或形容詞後面 (3) If ( 是否 ) + S + V + O 此種子句不可能放句首當主詞 If ( 如果 ) + S + V + O 放句首是 副詞子句 Whether ( 是否 ) + S + V + O 可放句首當主詞且用單數 V (4) whether + S + V + O 可接 or not, 但 if 不能接 or not! 1. Nobody knows if it will be cold next week. 2. Amy isn t sure whether she likes Mr. Wang or Mr. Lin. 3. Whether Lucy will come tomorrow or not is very important. 4. I am sure it will rain tomorrow. 5. I am not sure it will rain tomorrow or not. 6. I asked her she had a special way to learn English. 7. Whether it will be fine or not important. 解答 4. that 5. whether 6. if/ whether 7. is 2 形容詞子句 :( 俗稱關代句 : 專門修飾前面的名詞 先行詞 ) 先行詞 (N) 主格 ( 不可省略 ) 所有格 ( 不可省略 ) 受格 ( 可省略 ) 人 who/ that whose whom/ who/ that 事物 動物 which/ that whose which/ that 人 + 動物, 人 + 事物 that that 沒有 what what 技巧 :(1) who/ that + S + V + O (2) whose + N + V/ be (3) whom + S + V 注意 : 關代句裡的 動詞 須與 先行詞 一致 : 先行詞複數用複數 V; 先行詞單數用單數 V 1. I saw a woman who is a teacher. 2. The girl (whom/ who/ that/ X ) you talked with is Mary. 3. The girl (with whom you talked ) is Mary. 3 形容詞子句 : 特殊用法 ( 一 ) 限用 that 的情況 : (1) 先行詞同時是 人 and 物, 人 and 動物 (2) 先行詞前面有 最高級, 序數 時 (3) 先行詞前有所指定 :all, no, every, the only, the same, the very ( 正是 ) 只能用 that (4) 疑問詞 who 或 which 放句首時, 避免重複同一個關代! 1. Do you know the man that/ who lives next door? 10
兩種關代都能用且不可省略! 2. Do you know the man and his dog that live next door? 限用 that 且不可省略! 3. This is the most strange story that I have ever heard. that 當受詞, 可省略! 4. John is the first boy that I know. that 當受詞, 可省略! 5. Who is the man that is reading a book over there? that 當受詞, 且不可省略! 6. Which is the book that you want? that 當受詞, 可省略! ( 二 ) 不能用 that 的情況 : (1) 關代前有逗點或介系詞不可用 that 代替 who/ which/ whom (2) 片語 :people who/ those who 凡是 人 1. This is the house in which he lives. 2. Those who help others will be respected ( 尊敬 ). 3. The man, whom you talked to, is my husband. ( 三 ) 限定用法與非限定用法的分別 : (1) 關係代名詞前面沒有逗點 : 先行詞數量不只一個 (2) 關係代名詞前面有逗點 : 題目寫幾個就是幾個 1. I have a brother, who lives in Taipei. 只有一位兄弟 2. I have a brother who lives in Taipei. 不只一位兄弟 ( 四 ) 複合關係代名詞 what 的用法 : (1) what = 先行詞 ( 物 ) + 關代 (which/ that) 的東西 ; 的話 = all that (2) 注意 記得關代 what 不需要任何先行詞 1. I don t know what you are talking about. 2. What you need is a pair of shoes. 3. The things which/ that you want me to do are too difficult. = What you want me to do are too difficult. ( 五 ) 地方關代的用法 :where 先行詞是地方 (1) where = 介系詞 + which (2) 注意 1. that 是連接詞時,that + S + V + O 且前面沒有名詞 2. that 是關代時, 前要有 名詞當先行詞 1. This is the place where/ in which I am going to stay. 2. I like the house which/ that/ X he lived in last year. 11
3. The city which/ that/ X Ted visited yesterday is Tokyo. 4 There is/ are There was/ were There will be There have/ has been 強調 ( 在 地方 ) 有 東西 (1) 肯定句型 :1. There is a(an) + 單數 N + in (on, under ) + the + 地方. 2. There are + 數量詞 + 複數 N + in (on, under ) + the + 地方. (2) 否定句型 :1. There is not + a(an) + 單數 N + in (on, under ) + the + 地方. 2. There are + no + 複數 N + in (on, under ) + the + 地方. = There are + not + 數量詞 + 複數 N + in (on, under ) + the + 地方. 注意 not a/ an no + 單數 N = no 複數 N (3) 原問句型 :What is there in (on, under ) + the + 地方? (4) 重要句型 :1. There is/ are + 人 / 動物 + Ving + + the + 地方. 2. There is/ are + 東西 + to VR the + 地方. (5) 時間影響動詞時態 : 1. 過去式 :There was/ There were 2. 未來式 :There will be 3. 完成式 :There has/ have been 1. There is a TV in the living room. 存在句不能用定冠詞 / 所有格 2. There are many clothes in the closet. 3. There is not a dog in the garden. = There is no dog in the garden. 4. There are no girls here. 5. There are not many boys there. 6. There will be an important exam this May. 7. There has been much rain these days. 8. There used to be a park here, but it is gone. 9. A: What is there in the living room? B: a TV and chairs. (A) They are (B) There is (C) There are 10. A: What is in the living room? B:. (A) Two chairs are. (B) There are two chairs. (C) They re chairs. 11. There are three girls under the tree. (A) playing (B) to play (C) play 12. There is something now. (A) doing (B) to do (C) do 解答 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 12
5 倒裝句 : 強調把地方放在句首 ( 大部分地方都是放在句尾 ) 基本句型 :S + V + O + 地方 / 時間. (1) Here There 的倒裝句 1. Here/ There + V/ be + 一般普通名詞. 2. Here/ There + 代名詞 + V/ be. 注意 代名詞的位置 (2) There is / There are 的倒裝句 1. 介 + 地方 + is/ was + 單數 N. 2. 介 + 地方 + are/ were + 單數 N. 注意 V 的決定看 N 單複數判斷! 1. The bus comes here. Here comes the bus. 2. I am here. Here I am. 3. She is there. There she is. 4. There are some books on the table. On the table are some books. 6 副詞子句 : 由附屬連接詞所接的句子句型 : 附屬連 + S + V + O, S + V + O. ( 副詞子句 ) ( 主要子句 ) (1) 附屬連接詞 after, before, because, when, while, as long as ( 只要 ), as soon as ( 一 就 ), although/ though ( 雖然 ), if ( 如果 ), whether ( 不管是否 ) (2) 副詞子句不用未來式, 必須用 現在簡單式 代替未來式 (3) 副詞子句和主要子句可互換 (4) 兩邊子句的主詞相同時, 可省略副詞子句的主詞, 再將動詞改成 Ving 即可 (5) 要注意副詞子句和主要子句 兩邊動詞時態 要 一致 1. When I was a child, I liked to read comic books. 2. We will go swimming with Peter if it fine tomorrow. (A) will be (B) is (C) was 3. Because York sick, he didn t go to school. (A) is (B) was (C) were (D) will be 4. After I took a shower, I had my dinner. = After a shower, I had my dinner. (A) took (B) I take (C) taking (D) take 5. When I was cooking, Matt in his room. 13
(A) studied (B) studies (C) was studying (D) has studied 解答 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 7 附加問句 : 句子逗點後所加的簡短問句就是 附加問句 ( 一 ) 動詞部分 : (1) 前句有 be 用 be (2) 前句有一般 V 用文法助 V(do/ does/ did) (3) 前句有情態助 V 用情態助 V (4) 前句有 have/ has + p.p. 用 have/ has ( 二 ) 主詞部分 : (1) this/ that it (2) these/ those/ people they (3) To VR/ Ving it (4) Everyone he (5) 所有代名詞 以它代替的 N 單 / 複數判斷! (6) There is/ There are is/ are there ( 三 ) 重點 : (1) 附加問句要跟前句意思相反 口訣 1. 前肯, 後否 2. 前否, 後肯 (2) 附加問句否定一定要縮寫, 且要用代名詞 (3) 小心有否定詞! 有 no, nothing, never, little, few, seldom 注意 有 否定詞 的句子是否定, 則附加問句要用肯定句 1. There is something to eat, isn t there? 2. The girl read comic books, didn t she? 3. The boys didn t enjoy the game, did they? 4. We have little money, do we? 5. They had to go to school early, didn t they? 6. You ve never been there,? (A) haven t you (B) have not you (C) have you (D) do you 7. My house is big. Yours is small,? (A) isn t you (B) isn t it (C) isn t they (D) aren t they 8. To jog every day is good,? (A) isn t it (B) isn t he (C) is it (D) is that 9. Everyone has to do his best,? (A) hasn t he (B) doesn t they (C) doesn t he 解答 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 14
不規則變化用法 ( 一 ) 祈使句的附加問句 : 一般祈使句不管是肯定句或否定, 附加問句都用 will you? (1) Vs, will you? (2) Don t VR, will you? (3) 邀請對方吃 喝 做 從事 時, 附加問句用 won t you? 1. Come in, will you? 2. Don t move, will you? 3. Be a good girl, will you? 4. Hurry up, will you? 5. Have some cake, won t you? 6. Have a cup of coffee, won t you? 不規則變化用法 ( 二 ) (1) Let 的肯定附加問句 : 1. Let s, 附加問句用 shall we? 2. Let us, 附加問句用 will you? 3. Let + 受詞, 附加問句用 will you? (2) Let 的否定附加問句 : 1. Don t let, all right/ OK? 2. Let s not, all right/ OK? (3) too 形 / 副 to VR ( 太 而不能 ) 的附加問句要以 前面 V 為主而不能被中文所誤導 1. Let s go home, shall we? 2. Let us go shopping, will you? 3. Let Tom play baseball, will you? 4. Tom is too young to go to school, isn t he? 5. You talk too fast to be understood, don t you? 6. Let Mary become a super star,? (A) shall we (B) will you (C) will she (D) won t she 7. Don t let him go,? (A) will he (B) won t he (C) will you (D) all right 8. Let not go home,? (A) all right (B) will we (C) won t we (D) doesn t he 9. Everyone has to do his best,? (A) hasn t he (B) doesn t they (C) doesn t he 15
10. The coffee is too hot to drink,? (A) is it (B) isn t it (C) do it (D) doesn t it 解答 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 不規則變化用法 ( 三 ) 前面句子有附屬連接詞時, 附加問句要以主要子句的 V 為主 1. When he is free, he helps his mother, doesn t he? 2. You ll be early home because Mom isn t home, won t you? 8 附和句 : 完全同意對方, 以前面句子做判斷無須死背! (1) 前 be be (2) 前 V 助 V (3) 前助 V 助 V (4) 肯定句 : 1. So + be/ 助 V, too. 2. So + be/ 助 V + S. 否定句 : 1. S + be + not/ 助 V + not, either. 2. Neither + be/ 助 + V + S. (5) 訣竅 肯定句 否定句 放句尾, too., either. 放句首倒裝 So Neither 1. I like the movie, and. (A) you do, too (B) he does, either (C) so did I 2. They enjoyed themselves, and (A) I do, too (B) Neither did I (C) so did I 3. Mary won t come, and. (A) he will, either (B) he won t, either (C) neither won t he 解答 1. A 2. C 3. B 9 形容詞片語 : 介系詞片語當形容詞用修飾前面的名詞 (1) in + 衣褲鞋帽顏色 穿 (2) with + 配件 戴 有 (3) with + 天生就有 有 (4) 注意 形容詞片語都放在名詞之後, 來修飾名詞, 可跟關代互換喔! 1. I saw an old man in a red jacket. I saw an old man who wears a red jacket. 16
2. Who is that woman with long hair? Who is that woman that has long hair? 17