180 * 2008 5 Jaime Morales Carazo Augusto Cesar Sandino 1895-1934 1 Rubén Darío 1867-1916 2 Roger Pérez de la Rocha 1949- Roger Pérez Rubén Darío 1 1 Rubén Darío * 98 ** ** Through the fatal pages of history, ourlandismadeofcourageandglory, our land is made of Humanity. --Rubén Darío, The Return 1 2008 Jaime Morales Carazo Simon Bolivar, 1783-1830 Rubén Darío Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua(Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008), p.77
Jaime Morales Carazo Rubén Darío Roger Pérez de la Rocha 16 1821 El Somocismo 44 2 2 1936 1979 44 Manuel Alcantara Saez 1998 234-236 1979 La Revolución Sandinista 1985 1990 20 2 2008 181
3 1994 El Güegüense 182 3 Rubén Darío 3 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, pp.141-147. Ola eres M.1994 El Güegüense 3 Ola eres M.
183 4 2006 Alfredo Gomez Urcuyo El Güegüense 5 El Güegüense Ola eres M. 4 5 Luis Baez 1991 El Güegüense El Güegüense 18 Diriamba 1 17-27 San Sebastián Diriamba El Güegüense 2005 4 14 Güegüense 4 3 4 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.113.
184 4 4 Güegüense Güegüense Güegüense Güegüense Güegüense Nahuatl Güegüense huehue 5 5 http://www.vianica.com/go/specials/21- el-gueguense-macho-raton.html. El Güegüense 314 Güegüense 6 Güegüense 7 El Güegüense 6 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, pp.113-114. 7 69% 17% 9% 5% http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Nicaragua
6 El Güegüense El Güegüense 8 8 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.115. El Güegüense El Güegüense El Güegüense 185
186 32 1966 Ernesto Cardenal 1925- Ernesto Cardenal 1979 1988 Ernesto Cardenal Liberation Theology 9 Ernesto Cardenal 1966-1977 9 Ernesto Cardenal 1954 Trappist Monastery of Gethsemani Thomas Merton Thomas Merton 1915-1968 70 Ernesto Cardenal Thomas Merton Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal Thomas Merton 1968
Ernesto Cardenal 10 Roger Pérez 11 Roger Pérez 10 Primitive Art Naïve Art Henri Rousseau, 1844-1910 11 David Craven, "Interview with Ernesto Cardenal, 1983," Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910-1990 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), p.186. Rubén Darío 7 Mujeres Nicareguenses 7 José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo Roger Pérez 1999 187
188 Roger Pérez Roger Pérez 18 Rubén Darío Roger Pérez Maria Guevara Roger Pérez 12 12 Jim Walker, "The Art of Solentiname," http:// www.solentiname.org/art.html. Pablo Mayorga 8 El Vebedero Solentiname
189 8 9 Venada Descarriado Yelba Ubau Pablo Mayorga 1990 La Venada La Venada 13 13 venada the island of La Venada http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Solentiname_Islands
9 José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo 190 10 11 Yelba Ubau 1995 10 Yelba Ubau
12 Pablo Mayorga Yelba Ubau Roger Pérez 11 Pablo Mayorga the school of primitivist painting 50 12 Pablo Mayorga 191
192 14 Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal 1976 Mayra Jiménez 15 Ernesto Cardenal 14 David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990)," Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910-1990, p.125. 15 David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990)," Art and Revolution in Latin America,1910-1990, p.125. Asila Guillen 1887-1964 73 16 20 Ernesto Cardenal 16 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.143.
1959 1976 Ernesto Cardenal Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional FSLN 20 17 17 19 1912 1916 Convention Chamorro-Weitzel Tratado Bryan- Chamorro 99 Manuel Alcantara Saez 231-234 1926 18 1933 Anastasio Somoza 18 1990 28 193
194 Garcia 44 70 19 1972 Managua 1979 20 70 19 Manuel Alcantara Saez 234-236 20 Manuel Alcantara Saez 229-230 1961 Viva Sandino Sandino Lives, the Struggle Continues 21 74 1 21 Joel C. Sheesley, Sandino in the Streets (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, c1991)
Ernesto Cardenal 1977 1979 22 Ernesto Cardenal Ernesto Cardenal 1977-1979 23 22 David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990)," Art and Revolution in Latin America,1910-1990, pp.125-126. 23 David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990), " Art and Revolution in Latin Junta of National Reconstruction 1979-1985 1985 Ernesto Cardenal 1988 Ernesto Cardenal 24 America,1910-1990, pp.126-127. 24 Ernesto Cardenal,"The Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979: A Culture that is Revolutionary, Popular, National, and Anti- Imperialist," 1980 David Craven, Art and Revolution in Latin America,1910-1990, pp.183-184. Cardenal 1976 Ernesto 195
13 Ernesto Cardenal 196 Cultural Democracy 53% 1980 88% Nadezhda K. Krupskaya International Cultural Prize 25 25 Nadezhda K. Krupskaya International Cultural Prize UNESCO International Literacy Prize 9 8 1980 82 86 87 95 2000 1980 3 8 53% 88%
14 Ernesto Cardenal 26 Ernesto Cardenal 26 Ernesto Cardenal 1980 3 10 Barricada David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990)," Art and Revolution in Latin America,1910-1990, pp.137-138 Nation of Poets 2008 William Gonzales 1993 27 William Gonzales 14 Brumas 27 David Craven,"The Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990)," Art and Revolution in Latin America,1910-1990, p.127. 197
15 16 198 Carlos Vargas 1994 Eumomota superciliosa Pablo Mayorga 8 11 William Gonzales Nic Carlos Vargas 15 28 16 Carlos Vargas Ometepe Ometepe 29 28 Carlos Vargas 29 Steven F. White and Esthela, Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, pp.141-142.
199 17 Jaime Morales Carazo Samiy Z. 17 30 30 Samiy Z Nic Nic Nicaragua Samiy Z. Samiy Z
200 18 Jairo Palacios 1999 18 31 NICARAGUA 31 Jairo Palacios Nic 1999 Jairo Palacios NICARAGUA 32 Luis Alvarado 19 Genesis 32 Steven F. White and Esthela Calderón, Culture and Customs of Nicaragua, p.143.
Luis Alvarado 19 1995José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo Luis Alvarado 1994 201
202 Luis Alvarado 20 Luis Alvarado Luis Alvarado Luis 20 Alvarado Ernesto Cardenal 33 33 David Craven, "Interview with Ernesto Cardenal, 1983," Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910-1990, p.185.
203 El Güegüense 2010 4 1895-1945 2010 7