* 1 * Paul Katz 2002321 2002415 200277 1 (1994-2000.5) (2000
1918 1114 2 1091 3 1937 329 1941 578 4 1945 5 1970 6 1976 7 1982 8 ) 40-90 1951-1990 (2001)( ) 2 ( 1937) ( )1(1942) 90-102 3 ( 1992) 18 4 5 31:11981 104-115 6 (1975 1984 ) 246-266(263) 7 312(1977) ( 1978) 101-115(107) 8 516-529(519)
9 1990 10 11 9 10 ( 1991) 92-103(92-93) 11 ( ) ( 2000) 40-60
12 13 11 1885 12 [ ]( 1970) 18 421 13 (possession) ( ) (1920-1921 1977 ) 22 447-448
14 1895-1945 15 41 1908 1 65 1 17 1 77 16 17 18 1945 19 20 14 (1928 1965 ) 457-458 15 1992 1994 16 38:3(1987) 133-164(156) 17 18 9:5&6(1959) 25-27( 25) 1959 19 112 20
194897 21 22 23 1949125 24 1968111 25 2002717 21 ( 1996) 1-2 22 3-4 23 4 24 4-5 25 27:41976 41-49( 45)
26 27 28 1952 1990 29 30 26 43-44 27 2001 191-210 28 ( 1977) 29 315 610 725 84 819 822 40-90 30 40-90 1951-1990 1959
1985 31 1997429 32 1980 1999 52 33 34 2000 31 1989 56-68 64-66 32 1987430 14 33 199953 7 34
56 1717 35 19 36 1909-1918 37 38 39 1945 35 1717 1962 1993 8 136 36 (1871 1963 1993 ) 11 303-304 37 22 447-448 38 39
40 1955 41 1979 42 1970 43 40 25 41 ( 1955) 2 58 42 520 43
44 45 46 19855 1112 47 1970 48 49 50 44 113-114 45 114 46 47 102 48 49 520-521 50 521
trance state ecstatic state hysterical dissociation possessed state high suggestibility 51 spirit possession phenomena 52 53 51 84 22(1975) 70-73(72) 52 1992 53
54 55 54 ( 1919) 104-105 ( 1921) 872-874 1934 78-83( 2:3&4(1955) 83-85 22(1975) 63-65 22(1975) 66-68 ( 1978) ( 1989) 73-82 61(1986) 81-103 30&31(1987) 69-112 1995 164-170175-177K. G. Martin, "Medical Systems in Taiwan Village : The Plague God as Modern Physician," in A. Kleinman et al., eds., Medicine in Chinese Culture (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1975)Li Yi-yuan, "Shamanism in Taiwan: An Anthropological Inquiry," in W. Lebra, ed., Culture-Bound Syndromes, Ethnopsychiatry, and Alternate Therapies (Honolulu: Hawaii University Press, 1976),pp. 179-188Richard C. Kagan and Anna Wasescha, "The Taiwanese Tang-Ki: The Shaman as Community Healer and Protector," in S. L. Greenblatt, R. W. Wilson, and A. A. Wilson, eds., Social Interaction in Chinese Society (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982),pp. 112-141 ( 1997) 300-311 55 Fu-shin Lin, "Chinese Shamans and Shamanism in the Chiang-nan Area During the Six Dynasties Period (3rd -6th Century A.D.)," Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University (Princeton, 1994).
56 57 58 in Christ 59 60 61 56 57 248-249 58 263 59 60 92 61 98
62 63 64 65 66 67 62 63 1-719-21 64 102-105108 65 107-108 66 108 67 117-139
19992002 164 68 68 1999 20022 164 2001 ( )
164 121 43 74% 26% 1 69 1970 70 25% 71 72 10 164 51-60 49 30% 41-50 38 23% 61-70 37 23% 31-40 25 15% 71-80 9 5% 81-90 2 1% 21-30 1 1% 11-20 1 1% 2 1% 2 41 82% 51 59% 31-40 57 35% 21-30 36 22% 11-20 24 15% 69 70 103 71 Bruce Harrell, "Chinese Psycho-Social Medicine," Bulletin of Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, 37(1975), pp.85-112. 72 23:51986511-518
41-50 20 12% 51-60 13 8% 61-70 4 2% 1-10 1 1% 9 5% 3 21 20 16% 10 1% dang dang 73 74 celibacy 73 159-164 74 mu-dang 1938 Cahiers d'extrême-asie6 1991-1992 Korean Shamanism 1984 7-40
164 10 6% 154 10 6% 2 1% 4 164 ( ) 22(14%) 18(11%) ( ) 3(2%) 1(1%) 142 ( ) 59(35%) ( ) 55 (34%) 28(17%) 5
( ) 164 42(26%) ( )33(20%) ( )17(10%) 17(10%) ( )14 (9) ( )12(7%) 29(18%) ( ) 6? 112(68%) 33(20%) 19(12%) 7 spirit medium ( )
75 calling shamanic illness shamanism 76 possession calling 75 41974 35-39 76 shaman initiation shamanic illness Mircea Eliade, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, translated by Willard R. Trask (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1972), pp.23-144; I. M. Lewis, Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession, second edition (London and New York: Routledge, 1989), pp.59-89; Joan Halifax, Shaman: The Wounded Healer (New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1982), pp.16-21; Michael Taussig, Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1987), pp.447-167 19:12001 137-165
3 3 13 1930-40 329 77 78 79 Ethiopia Macha 80 1930 12380 28% 81 77 78 Mircea Eliade, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, pp. 13-15. 79 ( 1996) 28-38 80 I. M. Lewis, Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession, p.59. 81 (1932 1972) 1-9
164 143 88% 12 7% 9 5% 8 calling 82 82 1992 97-99
164 48 29% 19 12% 83 18 11% 13 8% 12 7% 12 7% 10 6% 8 5% 7 4% 84 3 2% 2 1% 1 1% 1 1% 1 1% 1 7 4% 9 38 23% 85 83 84 85
ecstasy possession 86 trance shaman hallucinogens 87 164 99 60% 65 4 2% 1 1% 88 60 37% 10 19941115 830-1030 86 153-158 87 7:31996 195-218 88 80-122
19941215 900-1050
89 89 1994 143-172Richard C. Kagan and Anna Wasescha, "The Taiwanese Tang-Ki: The Shaman as Community Healer and Protector;" K. G. Martin,"Medical Systems in Taiwan Village: The Plague God as Modern Physician;" Donald S. Sutton, "Ritual Trance and Social Order: The Persistence of Taiwanese Shamanism," in Andrew E. Barnes and Peter N. Stearns, eds., Social History and Issues in Human Consciousness (New York: New York University Press, 1989).
90 shamanism 91 90 91 Mircea Eliade, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy; I. M. Lewis, Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession; Fu-shin Lin, "Chinese Shamans and Shamanism in the Chiang-nan Area During the Six Dynasties Period (3rd -6th Century A.D.);"