Pesticide and Mango Protection 1/3 1, 8 19 1940 DDT 1873 1930 chlorinated hydrocarbons organophosphorus insecticides 1950 carbamates 12, 15 biopesticide 600 20,000 2013 636 436 1949 500 1952 200 40 6 78000 110 1.5 2 9 1
45 20 27 22 15 27 22 5 7 () Glomerella cingulata Oidium mangiferae metiram 2002 trifloxystrobin 2002 kresoxim-methyl 1998 azoxystrobin 1998 difenoconazole 1994 腈 醌 dithianon 1994 mancozeb propineb maneb 1976 1976 1976 cyprodinil + fludioxonil 2002 carbendazim + prochloraz 1998 thiabendazole + oxine -copper 1994 myclobutanil + mancozeb 1992 kasugamycin + carbendazim 1990 prochlorate + prochlorate manganece 1987 carbendazim + maneb 1980 tetraconazole 2002 triadimenol 2000 copper sulfate 2000 bromuconazole 1996 penconazole 1990 propiconazole 1990 bupirimate 1988 ethirimol 1988 2
Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae Chlumetia transversa fenarimol 1982 triadimefon 1984 cyprodinil + difenoconazole 2000 carbendazim + imazalil 1996 hexaconazole + thiabendazole 1996 mancozeb + myclobutanil 1992 glyodin bupirimate 1982 oxolinic acid 2000 tribasic copper sulfate 1996 kasugamycin + copper oxychloride 2002 kaugamycin + oxinecopper 2000 edifenphos + fthalide 1986 fenitrothion fenthion carbaryl fenitrothion + fenvalerate methidathion Aonidiella aurantii summer oil Idioscopus niveosparsus I. clypealis 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 thiamethoxam 2002 acetamiprid 2000 silafluofen 2000 pymetrozine 2000 imidacloprid 2000 bifenthrin 1996 bendiocarb 1992 α-cypermethrin 1990 λ-cyhalothrin 1990 flucythrinate 1987 buprofezin 1987 carbofuran 1980 methomyl 1980 carbaryl 1980 3
Microceropsylla nigra Scirtothrips dorsalis methamidophos 1980 buprofezin + deltamethrin 2000 carbaryl + tau-fluvalinate 2000 buprofezin + esfenvalerate 1990 fenitrothion + fenvalerate 1980 fenitrothion + phenothrin 1980 formothion 1980 methomyl 1980 carbosulfan 1987 formothion 1980 Bactrocera dorsalis fenthion 1980 glyphosate 1984 fungicide mancozeb< > propineb maneb 酞 phthalimides captafol 醌 quinones 腈 醌 dithainon benzimidazoles carbendazim< > thiabendazole triazole triadimefon penconazole propiconazole myclobutanil difenoconazole hexaconzatole bromuconazole triadimenol strobilurin analogues azoxystrobin trifloxystrobin kresoxim-methyl insecticide machine oil fenitrothion fenthion formothion methamidophos methidathion carbaryl methomyl carbofuran carbosulfan bendiocarb 1987 4
pyrethroids fenvalerate flucythrinate λ-cyhalothrin α-cypermethrin bifenthrin silafluofen 2000 neonicotinoids imidacloprid acetamiprid thiamethoxam 11 protein hydrolysate naled methyl eugenol herbicide glyphosate 1987 4,10 5 6, 13, 14 2000 FAO GIFAP 80 1. (emulsifiable concentratesec) 5
2. (soluble concentratessl) 3. (wettable powderswp) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4. (suspension concentratessc) 増 cacking 5. (water dispersible granuleswg) 6
6. (soluble powderssp) 7. (dusting powdersdp) ( ) 8. (granulesgr) 9. (capsule suspensioncs) ( ) 10. (ready-to-use baitrb) 抛 11. water soluble packet 7
1. ready-to-usertu 1 2 3 ( ) 2. 1 2 3 4 8
3. 1 2 3 4 5 4. 1 2 500 ~ 600 3 4 400 ~ 500 10 55 6 30 5 1, 6, 12 1950 (pest management) 1960 15 1. 2. 3. 4. 9
LD 50 LC 50 50 LD 50 (mg/kg) 5 20 10 40 5-50 20-200 10-100 40-400 50-500 200-2000 100-1000 400-4000 500 2000 1000 4000 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 10
6. 7. 8. 9. 1 2 3 10. 11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12. 13. 14. 15. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 11
12
13
1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 20 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 14
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 3 30 23. 24. 25. 1/4 3 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 1. 2. 3. 0800-021-811 4. 5. 15
6. 7. 8. 3 30 9. 1. 58 53pp. 2. 1985 408 3. 1991 p.157-165 202p 4.1996 p.357-372 394 pp. 5. 1996 337-42 6. 2000 7. 2002 p.791 8. 2000 9. 1999 p.5-10 10. 1996 pp.265-285 394 pp. 11. 1999 p.151-155 12.Bohmont, B. L. 2000. The Standard Pesticide User s Guide 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. 544 pp. 13.FAO. 1999. Manual on Development and Use of FAO Specifications for Plant Protection Products. 5th Edition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 176 pp. 16
14.Monsanto Agricultural Products Company. 1978. The Complete Guide of Lasso and Tank Mixes of Lasso Herbicide. p.32-34. 15.Pedigo, L. P. 1999. Pest management theory. p.258-306. In: Entomology and Pest Management. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 691 pp. ( * ) 17
(%) I086 EC 10 Mevinphos SL 10 I156 WP 50 Phosphamidon EC 25 N004 Ethoprophos EC 45 I006 Dichlorvos FD 30 I005 Disulfoton GR 5 I024 Carbofuran SC 40.64 I029 Propaphos EC 50 I045 I046 Parathion-Methyl EC 50 Demephion EC 25 I054 Terbufos GR 10 I065 Azinphos-Methyl EC 20 I088 Mephosfolan EC 25 I101 Methomyl SL 24 WP 90 I136 Methidathion EC 40 I137 Mecarbam EC 35 I144 Demeton-S-Methyl EC 25 I149 Methamidophos SL 50 I155 Phorate GR 10 I165 Omethoate SL 50 I167 Oxamyl SL 24 I180 Dicrotophos SL 27.4 A036 蟎 Formetanate SP 50 N001 Fenamiphos EC 40 H025 Paraquat SL 24 I049 Aluminium Phosphide 18 GE(Tablet) 55 GE(powder) 56 GE(Tablet) 57
(%) GE(bagged powder) I133 Chloropicrin GE 99 I145 I170 I012 I014 I022 I067 Methyl Bromide GA 98 Magnesium Phosphide 57 GE 66 GE 32 Fonofos Fenobucarb EC 50 Fonofos Cypermethrin EC 40 WP 40 Carbophenothion Cypermethrin EC 40 Primiphos-Methyl Mevinphos EC 50 I078 Carbofuran Carbophenothion WP 50 I097 Carbofuran Phosmet WP 50 I102 I130 Methomyl Alpha Cypermethrin EC 13.5 Prothiophos Mevinphos EC 30 I132 Isoprocarb Ethoprophos EC 40 I148 Phosalone Methamidophos EC 40 I151 Phosphamidon Mevinphos SL 35 I230 Zeta Cypermethrin EC 18.1 X003 Ethoprophos Phorate GR 10 N003 Ethoprophos Disulfoton GR 10 H028 Paraquat Diuron SC 33.6 SC 42.5 WP 60 * I = A = 蟎 N = H = X = WHO rat LD 50 mg/kg body weight rat LD 50 (mg/kg body weight) 50 100 200 400 19
Organic mercury 60 10 25 61 10 25 Endrin 60 1 1 61 1 1 DDT 62 7 1 63 7 1 Heptachlor 64 1 1 64 10 1 Aldrin 64 1 1 64 10 1 Dieldrin 64 1 1 64 10 1 BHC 64 1 1 64 10 1 Leptophos 66 6 1 67 6 1 Nitrofen 70 1 1 72 1 1 DBCP 70 6 6 Chlorobenzilate 71 9 21 72 9 21 Toxaphene 72 7 19 73 1 19 PCP Na 72 7 19 73 1 19 dioxin Pamcon 72 7 19 73 1 19 PCP Na + CPH 72 7 19 73 1 19 Ediden 72 7 19 73 1 19 PCP Na + Phenothiol 72 7 19 73 1 19 EDB 73 2 22 γ-bhclindane73 8 7 74 2 1 Lindane C 73 8 15 74 2 1 30 MH 30 73 10 24 74 5 1 Dinoseb 75 12 8 75 12 20 Naptalam + Dinoseb 75 12 8 75 12 20 Dichloropropane 76 7 9 76 7 9 Dichloropropene Vorlex 76 7 9 76 7 9 Fenchlorphos 76 9 2 76 9 2 Cyanazine 76 7 9 77 7 1 Captafol 76 10 22 77 10 1 Captafol Zn, Cu 76 10 22 77 10 1 Captafol Polyoxins 76 10 22 77 10 1 20
Butachlor CNP 83 7 15 86 1 1 Daminozide 78 6 21 79 1 1 35 Endosulfan 78 1 13 79 1 15 * Captan 78 7 13 79 7 1 Folpet 78 7 13 79 7 1 蟎 Cyhexatin 78 7 13 79 7 1 PCNB 78 7 13 79 7 1 Captan Kasugamycin 78 7 13 79 7 1 Captan Benomyl 78 7 13 79 7 1 Captan Ditalimfos 78 7 13 79 7 1 Captan Polyoxins 78 7 13 79 7 1 Captan Dicloran 78 7 13 79 7 1 Captan Chlorothalonil 78 7 13 79 7 1 Folpet Benalaxyl 78 7 13 79 7 1 Folpet Fosetyl 78 7 13 79 7 1 Al Dinocap 79 5 9 79 12 31 蟎 Dinocap Dicofol 79 5 9 79 12 31 Dinocap Mancozeb 79 5 9 79 12 31 蟎 Dinobuton 80 5 27 80 12 1 Aldicarb 80 10 15 81 1 1 蟎 Tetradifon 83 10 4 85 7 1 蟎 Tetradifon Chloropropylate 83 10 4 85 7 1 蟎 蟎 Dicofol Tetradifon 83 10 4 85 7 1 蟎 Pyridaphenthion 蟎 83 10 4 85 7 1 蟎 Tetradifon Chlornitrofen, 83 7 15 84 12 86 1 1 CNP 31 21
84 12 31 Benthiocarb 83 7 15 84 12 86 1 1 CNP 31 Molinate CNP 83 7 15 84 12 86 1 1 31 CNP MCPA 83 7 15 84 12 86 1 1 31 Fentin acetate 83 7 15 86 1 1 Benthiocarb 84 12 CNP 31 47 Parathion 84 3 24 86 1 1 50 Parathion 84 3 24 86 1 1 Malathion 40 Prothoate 84 3 24 86 1 1 50 Pirmiphosmethyl 84 3 24 86 1 1 Mevinphos 蟎 Dienochlor 85 10 14 87 8 1 EPN 85 12 9 87 8 1 ( 86 2 28 ) EPN Methyl parathion 85 12 9 87 8 1 ( 86 2 28 ) 85 12 30 50 ( 86 87 8 1 2 28 ) Sankel 86 7 7 87 7 1 ETU Zineb 86 9 30 ( 86 88 1 1 ETU 12 31 ) Copper 86 9 30 oxychloride Zineb Maneb ( 86 88 1 1 12 31 ) 22
Fentin acetate 86 9 30 ( 86 88 1 1 12 31 ) Fentin hydroxide 86 9 30 ( 86 88 1 1 12 31 ) Azocyclotin 86 9 30 ( 86 88 1 1 12 31 ) Basic copper sulfate Cufraneb 86 11 11 88 1 1 ETU cufram Z Basic copper sulfate Maneb 87 2 13 88 1 1 Zineb 47.3 Fonofos 86 12 31 88 1 1 25.3 Mevinphos 86 12 31 88 1 1 70Phosphamidon 86 12 31 88 1 1 Mevinphos 51 Phosphamidon 86 12 31 88 1 1 70.6 Ethoprophos Ethoprop 86 12 31 88 1 1 45.3 Prothiofos 86 12 31 88 1 1 Mevinphos 85 75 Carbofuran 86 12 31 88 1 1 85 73( 蟎 MNFANissol 86 10 31 ) 88 11 1 蟎 85 73( Nissol 86 10 88 11 1 蟎 Bromopropylate 31 ) Monocrotophos 89 1 1 89 9 1 23
蟎 Binapacryl 90 7 1 90 7 1 * 89 11 8 24
1 ppm Glyphosate 0.2 07-Apr-88 Azoxystrobin 1.00 26-Jan-99 Bromuconazole 0.50 19-Sep-95 Bupirimate 2.00 04-Jan-93 Carbendazim 2.00 06-Nov-96 Cyprodinil 1.00 26-Jan-99 Difenoconazole 0.50 14-Apr-97 腈 醌 Dithianon 3.00 06-Nov-96 Dithiocarbamates 2 0.50 14-Apr-97 Edifenphos 0.50 04-Jan-93 Ethirimol 2.00 04-Jan-93 Fenarimol 0.50 06-Nov-96 Fthalide 2.00 04-Jan-93 Glyodin 5.00 07-Jul-93 Hexaconazole 0.50 19-Sep-95 Imazalil 1.00 16-May-96 Kasugamycin 0.50 04-Jan-93 Kresoxim-methyl 1.00 26-Jan-99 Myclobutanil 0.50 07-Jul-93 Oxine-copper 2.00 07-Jul-93 Penconazole 0.50 07-Jul-93 Phenothrin 0.50 06-Nov-96 Prochloraz 1.00 07-Apr-88 Propiconazole 1.00 04-Jan-93 Tetraconazole 0.50 19-Apr-01 Thiabendazole 5.00 19-Sep-95 Triadimefon 0.50 04-Jan-93 Triadimenol 0.5 01-Oct-01 Trifloxystrobin 1.00 01-Oct-01 Acetamiprid 2.00 25-Jan-00 Bendiocarb 0.50 06-Nov-96 25
Buprofezin 1.00 06-Nov-96 Carbaryl 0.50 07-Apr-88 Carbofuran 0.50 07-Apr-88 Carbosulfan 2.00 06-Nov-96 Cyhalothrin 1.00 04-Jan-93 Cypermethrin, alpha 2.00 04-Jan-93 Deltamethrin 0.20 26-Jan-99 Esfenvalerate 1.00 04-Jan-93 Fenitrothion 1.00 06-Nov-96 Fenthion 1.00 06-Nov-96 Fenvalerate 1.00 07-Apr-88 Flucythrinate 1.00 07-Apr-88 Fluvalinate 1.00 25-Sep-97 Formothion 1.00 07-Jul-93 Imidacloprid 0.50 25-Sep-97 Methamidophos 0.20 07-Apr-88 Methidathion 0.10 28-Apr-98 Methomyl 2.00 07-Apr-88 Pymetrozine 0.20 26-Jan-99 Silafluofen 2.00 26-Jan-99 Summer oil * Thiamethoxam 0.2 01-Oct-01 1. 0910063625 2. CS2 a. metiram dimethyldithiocarbamates b. mancozeb maneb propineb ethylenebisdithiocarbamates 26
Keywords 27