3 A B, A B,,, 0. 1, : (1) / (2) /,, : (3), (4),,,, (1996 7 3 ), 1 ( d ng) : ;, : ; ; 2 ( k n), :, (1981 ) ( d ng), ( ) : ;, 0. 2 : 3,, zu zu zu,,, 27
23 2009 1,,,,, : (5), (6),,, + + 1993 1997, 335, 126 : 1 206 (61% ) 61 (18% ) 68 (21% ) 335 91 (72% ) 18 (14% ) 17 (14% ) 126 + +,,,,,, 0. 3,, (7) (8), (9) (10) : (7) (8), (9), (10),,,,,,,,,,,,, :???,,, 1. 1,,, (1996 7 3 ), 28
,,, A B (, 1999) ;, (1) (2) (3) (4), (6) (7) (8), (6) (7) (8), ( 6) (7) ( 8),,, A B,, A B Levinson (1983) ( scalar quantity imp licatures), all( ) some ( ), always( ) often ( ), cold ( ) cool ( ), love ( ) like ( ), know ( ) believe ( ),,,, I know John is away( ) I believe John is away ( ) A B, A B,,,,,, (7), (8) 1. 2 335 126,,,,,, a, b c : (11) a., b. 3, (12) a. b. (13) a. b.? c.,,,,, : (14),,,, A B,,, 29
23 2009 1 B A : (15),,, (16),, ( ) (3) (4),,, ( ) 1. 3,, ( ) A B (1), (2) A B, A B, A B, A B A B A, A 1. 4 A B,,,, B A A B,,,,, ;,,,, : 2. 1,,,, : (17),,,, (18),,, (19), 2. 2,,, 335, 140, 42%, 126, 30
: (20) (21),,,, : (22),, (23),,,,,,,,, : (24),, 2. 3,,, : (25) (26) (27) (28) 2. 4,,,,, : : :,,, ( ), ( ) ;,, : (29), (30),, 2. 5,, 31
23 2009 1,,,, : (31) (32) (33), 2. 6 (, 1993),,,,,,,,,, 10,,,, 2. 7, A B, : 14, 4% ; 52, 41%,,,,,,,,,,,, : (34) ( ) (35) : ( ) (36)?, ( ) (37)? ( ), 3. 1 : A B, A B,,, A B, A B, ( subjectivity) ( Finegan, 1995;, 2001) A B, 32
, A B, ; A B, : 3. 2, 2 38 (11% ) 101 (30% ) 63 (19% ) 108 (32% ) 8 (3% ) 17 (5% ) 335 30 (24% ) 51 (41% ) 29 (22% ) 13 (10% ) 0 3 (3% ) 126 + +,,,,,, + + 3. 2. 1, (, 2002),,,,,,,,,,,, : 24%, 11%,, 3. 2. 2,,,, A, B : 33
23 2009 1 A. B. 2, 41%, 30%,, 3. 2. 3,, 8,,,, ( 2), 3. 2. 4,,, 3. 3,,,,,, A B B, A B, B,,,, A, B 3. 3. 1 A.,,, :, 34
B.,,, B1. B2. 3. 3. 2 A., : AB 5. 16, B., : 3. 3. 3 A.,, 35
23 2009 1,, : B.,,,, :,,, A B,,,,,,,, (2),,, : 1),, ; 2), ; 3),,,, (1993), 6 (1981), : (1999), : (2001), 4 (2002) NP ( ) NP, 3 (1996) ( 3 ), : Finegan, E. ( 1995) Subjectivity and Subjectivisation: An introduction. In D. Stein & S. W right ( eds. ), Subjec2 tivity and Subjectivisation, 1-15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Levinson, S. C. ( 1983) Pragm atics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. On d n zu and k nzu WANG Hongqi Abstract The meaning of d n zu ( ) can be summarized as treata asb in action, 36
and the meaning of k nzu ( ) can be summarized as treat A as B mentally. A s it entails k nzu, d n zu, while having its own specific meaning, covers the meaning of k nzu. The fact that the two are the same in one m eaning and are different in another determ ines their commonness and differences in syntax and semantics as well as the conditions under which they are commuta2 ble. Key words d n zu, k nzu, entailment, subjectivity, objectivity,,, 1958,,,, 20 ( : 300071 ) 2008 11 24-26, 24,,,,, 66, 47, 44, :, ;, ;,,,,,,,, ( ) 37