EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN AND WHEAT BRAN WITH SOYHULLS IN DAIRY COW DIETS ON LACTATION PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIETARY DRY MATTER AND FIBER P. J. McKinnon 1 2 1 42 1 5 3.4 2 5 3.3 3 14 3 0 25 50% 4 3 0 6.8 13.6% 13 1 12 0 25 50% 18.4 18.6 18.5kg/d 27.7 28.4 27.6kg 4% 26.4 27.6 27.3kg kg FCM/kg DM 1.42 1.49 1.47 3.12 3.17 3.18% 4.69 4.76 4.68% 8.50 8.64 8.54% 3.63 3.85 3.90% P=0.08 0 25 50% NDF 37.3 40.0 43.5% NDF 6.85 7.42 8.03kg/d(P=0.001) 25 50% 1 1 1999 9 120
0.045 0.057 2 2 5 0 25 50 75 100% DM NDF Y=a+b 1 e -c(t L) R 2 DM 0.999 NDF 0.986 DM 0.915 0.968 NDF 0.986 0.998 DM NDF c 0.072 0.063 /h DM NDF a+b 92 89% DM b P<0.023 a P=0.140 L P=0.127 DM P=0.360 0.903 NDF b P=0.002 P=0.001 P=0.082 NDF (a+b) P=0.001 1% 1998 soyhulls 8% 10% NDF ADF 67% 50% 2% NRC 1996 90% Quicke 1959 27 90.3% 36 48 Hsu 1987 Belyea 1989 NDF 95% Klopfenstein Owen 1987 ; NDF 6 7.5%/h Anderson 1988 Ludden 1995 121
Wagner 1965 Hintz 1964 NRC 1989 negative associative effect Conrad Hibbs 1961 62.7% 4% Macgregor Owen 1976 0 27 48% Coomer 1993 Nakamura Owen 1989 Weiss 1995 4% 0.6 0.8 /kg 1.1 /kg 1 2 1 1. NRC 1989 122
25 30 kg 3 0 25 50% 1 0 12.5 25% 1 1 % 0 25 50 40 33 22.3 25 25 24 6 6 6 10 4.7 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 12.5 25 a - 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.2 3.4 3.7 1.8 1.4 1.0 NE L b Mcal/kg 1.76 1.76 1.74 CP %DM 22.4 22.4 22.2 NDF %DM 18.3 23.5 30.0 ADF %DM 8.7 14.0 19.7 Ca %DM 1.54 1.50 1.48 P %DM 1.02 0.99 0.99 a. : Fe 10,000 mg/kg Cu 2,400 mg/kg; Mn 8,400 mg/kg; Zn 13,000mg/kg; I 160mg/kg; Se 70mg/kg; Co 100mg/kg; VA960,000 IU/kg; VD 3 200,000 IU/kg; VE 7,500 mg/kg b. NRC 1989 2. 123
24 38 o C 3. 13 1 12 3 14 42 564.5 kg 1 5 3.4 2 5 3.3 3 14 14 4 4. 07:00-10:30 14:30-17:00 21:00 23:00 2.5 3.0 kg 1 kg 5. 2 4 3 10 ml SNF 6. Ca P Goering Van Soest 1970 NDF 7. GLM CONTRAST L Q SAS 1996 2 124
1. NRC 1989 1 0 25 50 75 100% 5 2 1mm 2. 2 400kg 1.3 2 69.6% 24% 2.2% 1.8% 1.2% 1.2% 2kg 2 kg 80mmX120mm 50 m 5g 6 12 24 48 72h 100 o C 3 3. Goering Van Soest 1970 DNF 4. DM NDF McDonald 1981 SAS 1996 NON-LINEAR Y = a + b 1 - e -c t-l Y t DM NDF % a % b % c b /h t h L h GLM DM NDF CONTRAST L Q SAS 1996 125
2 2 0 25 50 75 100 % DM 20 20 20 20 20 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 15 15 15 15 15 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 20 16.5 11.15 6.5 1.7 5 2.35 2 1 0 0 6.25 12.5 18.75 25 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 3 3 3 3 3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3 3 3 3 3 a 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.7 1.85 2.05 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.1 0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 DM 92.3 92.4 92.1 92.4 92.1 NE b L Mcal/kg 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 CP %DM 17.2 17.3 17.9 17.3 17.8 NDF %DM 39.2 41.8 45.1 48.3 51.4 ADF %DM 26.5 29.2 32.1 34.9 37.8 Ca %DM 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.88 0.88 P %DM 0.69 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.66 a. : Fe 10,000mg/kg; Cu 2,400mg/kg; Mn 8,400mg/kg; Zn 13,000mg/kg; I 160mg/kg; Se 70mg/kg; Co 100mg/kg; VA 960,000IU/kg ; VD 3 200,000IU/kg; VE 7,500mg/kg b. NRC 1989 126
1 1. % DM 12.15 NDF 62.26 ADF 48.08 Ca 0.53 P 0.18 NDF 2% NRC 1996 DM Quicke 1959 12.2% 10% 17.1% NRC 1989 1.77Mcal/kg 1.6Mcal/kg 1.96Mcal/kg NRC 1989 2. 3 NDF ADF 6.8 13.6% 27 49% Macgregor Owen 1976 25 48% Nakamura Owen 1989 3. 4 DM DM CP kg/d NDF P=0.001 NDF / NDF 65% Quicke 1959 127
%DM 3 0 25 50 17.7 17.6 17.5 16.8 16.7 16.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 10.7 10.6 10.6 21.5 17.8 12.1 13.5 13.6 13.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 5.4 2.5 2.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 0 6.8 13.6 a - 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 DM % 66.1 66.2 66.1 NE L b Mcal/kg 1.59 1.59 1.58 CP %DM 18.3 18.3 18.3 NDF %DM 37.3 40.0 43.5 ADF %DM 24.0 26.8 29.9 Ca %DM 0.99 0.97 0.96 P %DM 0.74 0.71 0.71 a. b. 1 NRC 1989 128
Nakamura Owen 1989 Nakamura Owen 1989 Macgregor Owen 1976 DM Bernard McNeill 1991 Firkins Eastridge 1992 Wagner 1965 DM 4 DM CP NDF % P 0 25 50 SEM L a Q a DM Kg/d 18.38 18.57 18.53 0.20 0.628 0.512 % 3.15 3.42 3.35 0.09 0.136 0.088 CP Kg/d 3.36 3.40 3.39 0.04 0.615 0.522 % 0.58 0.63 0.61 0.02 0.157 0.089 NDF Kg/d 6.85 7.42 8.03 0.09 0.001 0.726 % 1.18 1.36 1.43 0.04 0.001 0.171 a. L Q 4. 25 50% 4% 5 P=0.08 25% 50% 6.1% 7.4% Nakamura Owen 1989 0 50 95% 1 1 129
3.5% Bernard McNeill 1991 Macgregor Owen 1976 Cunningham 1993 Wagner 1965 5 %,P 0 25 50 SEM L a Q a 14 14 14 d 84 84 84 kg 586.3 549.6 557.5 14.23 0.183 0.161 kg/d 0.21 0.16 0.13 0.06 0.359 0.819 kg/d 27.7 28.4 27.6 0.85 0.953 0.443 4% FCM b kg/d 26.2 27.6 27.3 1.11 0.558 0.463 c 1.42 1.49 1.47 0.05 0.557 0.460 % 3.63 3.85 3.90 0.09 0.080 0.500 % 3.12 3.17 3.18 0.06 0.620 0.760 % 4.69 4.76 4.68 0.04 0.680 0.096 SNF,% 8.50 8.64 8.54 0.09 0.852 0.286 a. L Q b. 4% FCM 4% c. 1 kg 4% FCM kg 5. 6 /kg 0.58 0.65 130
0.42 0.78 0% 1.50;25% 1.46; 50% 1.41 1kg4% 0.782 25 50% 1kg4% 0.737 0.725 1 kg 4% 0.045 5.8% 0.057 7.3% 4% 45 57 25 50% 1.242 1.556 6 % 0 25 50 DM kg/ 3.25 3.27 3.26 1.97 1.96 1.97 0.20 0.20 0.20 3.09 3.11 3.10 9.88 10.05 10.01 DM, / 1.885 1.897 1.891 1.281 1.274 1.281 0.084 0.084 0.084 2.41 2.426 2.418 14.820 14.673 14.114 20.480 20.354 19.788 4% FCM,kg/ 26.2 27.6 27.3, /kg 4% FCM 0.782 0.737 0.725, - 0.045 0.057 131
2 1. (Hsu, 1987 Anderson, 1988 Quicke, 1959) DM NDF DM NDF (R 2 DMD 0.999 R 2 NDFD 0.986 1) DM NDF 48 h 86 81% 1 DM NDF 0.072 0.063/h( 7) DM NDF (a+b) 92 89% 7 NDF (41-45% Pantoja 1994) DM (79 Herrera-Saldana 1990) DM NDF (Pantoja 1994 Ludden 1995 Anderson 1988) 100 90 80 % 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 DMD=11.7+80.0*( 1-e -0.072*(t-4.12) ) R 2 =0.999 NDFD=7.3+81.6*( 1-e -0.063*(t-4.75) ) R 2 =0.986 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 (h) 1. (DM) (NDF) DMD NDFD 132
7. NDF (DM) (NDF) a, % 11.67(±1.72, n=6) a 7.27(±0.31, n=4) a b, % 79.96(±0.54, n=6) a 81.57(±0.42, n=4) a a+b, % 91.63(±2.36, n=6) a 88.84(±0.63, n=4) a c, /h 0.072(±0.005, n=6) a 0.063(±0.003, n=4) a Lag, h 4.12(±0.25, n=6) a 4.75(±0.16, n=4) a a 2. 8 DM NDF (, n=6) 9 DM NDF DM b (P=0.023) a (P=0.140) L (P=0.127) NDF DM (P 0.360 0.903) NDF b (P=.002) (P=.001) ; (P=0.082); NDF (a+b) (P=0.001) (P=0.002) (c) (P=0.194) NDF NDF NDF 1 ( 5) 133
NDF L (P=0.006) 8. DM NDF % 0 25 50 75 100 DM % 6 h 25.2 23.9 23.0 22.5 19.5 12 h 38.6 36.3 34.3 31.7 33.7 24 h 53.6 54.0 53.2 51.9 49.5 48 h 69.0 71.1 71.0 68.2 68.8 72 h 75.1 76.6 75.2 74.9 74.0 NDF % 6 h 9.7 8.7 8.2 11.2 11.5 12 h 21.8 20.7 24.8 28.0 29.2 24 h 43.1 47.9 47.2 48.2 47.9 48 h 54.1 61.6 64.2 64.6 64.6 72 h 64.6 69.1 70.7 70.8 70.3 5, DM (R 2 =0.915) NDF (R 2 =0.986-0.998, 9) DM b ( ) NDF( ) (Xiong, 1990) 134
a 9. % P 0 25 50 75 100 SEM L b Q b DM a% 10.1 9.5 8.3 8.5 6.2 1.8 0.140 0.767 b% 68.6 71.3 72.0 71.4 72.2 0.9 0.023 0.167 (a+b),% 78.7 80.8 80.3 79.9 78.4 2.0 0.796 0.360 c/h 0.045 0.044 0.045 0.040 0.043 0.005 0.593 0.903 L,h 0.71 1.04 1.34 1.08 1.27 0.3 0.127 0.286 R 2 0.915 0.957 0.934 0.968 0.965 -- -- -- NDF a% 2.0 2.5 3.7 2.9 5.4 1.0 0.082 0.646 b% 63.9 68.6 69.0 69.8 66.7 0.5 0.002 0.001 (a+b),% 65.9 71.1 72.7 72.7 72.1 1.1 0.001 0.005 c,/h 0.045 0.051 0.051 0.050 0.053 0.004 0.194 0.688 L,h 3.2 4.6 4.7 3.1 4.0 0.2 0.746 0.006 R 2 0.995 0.993 0.994 0.998 0.986 -- -- -- a Y = a + b(1 - e -c(t-l) ). Y t DM NDF (%) a (%) b (%) c b (/h) t (h) L (h) b. L Q 135
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