2012 3 5 1949 20 50 1988 1998 2008 6 7 1998 2008 1988 8 9 20 WTO 瑏 瑠 20 90 瑏 瑡 90 瑏 瑢 2000 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 5 6 7 8 9 瑏 瑠 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 1999 2003 5 2

DOI:10.14111/j.cnki.zgfx.2012.03.015 * 2000 2008 1 1998 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 * 2009 2010 2008 2008 12 10 2009 3 27 2008 11 5 2009 3 26 2006 2006 27 2007 2 2007 1 15 2007 9 2007 3 1 2007 1987-2008 2009 2009 8 19 2010 24 2010 19 2010 1 63

2012 3 5 1949 20 50 1988 1998 2008 6 7 1998 2008 1988 8 9 20 WTO 瑏 瑠 20 90 瑏 瑡 90 瑏 瑢 2000 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 5 6 7 8 9 瑏 瑠 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 1999 2003 5 21 2008 3 11 2010 11 20 2010 11 20 14 1988 7 18 1999 3 2008 3 9 WTO 2001 6 20 90 2008 1990 2000 2000 2004 2 1996 6 1994 32 2002 72 30 2008 11 24 64

瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 80 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦 - 瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦 See Jürgen Habermas Equal Treatment of Cultures and the Limits of Postmodern Liberalism 13 The Jour. of Pol. Phil. 2005. Also See Donald Dworkin Taking Rights Seriously Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press 1977. 2003 33-198 2007 1998 2004 1 Jeremy Waldron eds. Theories of Rights Oxford Oxford University Press 1984. Kenneth Baynes The Normative Ground of Social Criticism Kant Rawls and Habermas New York State University of New York Press 1992 pp. 162-163. See Crawford Brough Macpherson The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism Hobbes to Locke Oxford Oxford University Press 1962. See Matthew Kramer Claire Grant Ben Colburn and Antony Hatzistavrou eds. The Legacy of H. L. A. Hart Legal Political and Moral Philosophy Oxford Oxford University Press 2008 pp. 277-330 etc. 1989 10 1990 4 1991 1 1991 4 1993 4 1997 2 2005 2005 2009 1 20 90 60 2009 4 2005 4 1997 2011 2009 3 2008 1994 2009 3 80 2004 65

2012 3 - 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 1998 2008 瑐 瑩 瑑 瑠 瑑 瑡 瑑 瑢 瑑 瑣 90 1998 professionalism 瑑 瑤 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 瑐 瑩 瑑 瑠 瑑 瑡 瑑 瑢 瑑 瑣 瑑 瑤 - - - - Jules Coleman Moral Theories of Torts Their Scope and Limits Part I 1 Law and Philosophy 90 1982 Richard W. Wright Rights Justice and Tort Law in David G. Owen ed. Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law Oxford Clarendon Press 1995 Richard Abel A Critique of Torts 37 UCLA Law Review 785 830 1990. 1980 Friedrich v. Hayek Carl Schmitt Richard A. Posner Friedrich K. v. Savigny 2006 6 2010 2002 10 2 2005 10 27 1999 3 2008 3 9 27 2008 3 5 1993 4 2002 Also See Milovan Djilas The New Class An Analysis of the Communist System Mariner Books 1982 pp. 1-18. 2010 1 2003 8 2005 6 66

professional projects 瑑 瑥 professional autonomy self - regulation 瑑 瑦 90 1998 2008 瑑 瑧 2002 8 4 瑑 瑨 瑑 瑩 1998 2008 瑒 瑠 Law School 1996 - 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑢 瑑 瑥 瑑 瑦 瑑 瑧 瑑 瑨 瑑 瑩 瑒 瑠 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑢 2006 1 See Magali Sarfatti Larson The Rise of Professionalism A Sociological Analysis Berkeley CA University of California Press 1977. G. Hanlon Lawyers The State and the Market Professionalism Revisited Basingstoke Macmillan Business 1999 2006 1 2005 6 2000 2005 6 2003 2002 5 1996 6 1997 2003 1996-2006 2007 3 2002 3 http / /www. edu. cn /20030115 /3075967. shtml 2009 5 1 67

2012 3 2001 51 1986 瑒 瑣 瑒 瑤 Private Lawyer 2000 瑒 瑥 瑒 瑦 瑒 瑧 瑒 瑨 Pubic Lawyers 1999 2001 2002 2005 瑒 瑩 瑓 瑠 瑓 瑡 1998 2008 瑒 瑣 瑒 瑤 瑒 瑥 瑒 瑦 瑒 瑧 瑒 瑨 瑒 瑩 瑓 瑠 瑓 瑡 2002 5 2002 4 10 2008 6 4 1999 2000 2000 2000 2001 1993 12 2003 7 26 2003 7 21 2004 2005 2006 2006 12 2007 1 2008 2010 1 68

2008 瑓 瑢 1 瑓 瑣 2 Profession3 瑓 瑤 瑓 瑥 瑓 瑦 瑓 瑧 瑓 瑢 瑓 瑣 瑓 瑤 瑓 瑥 瑓 瑦 瑓 瑧 2002 05 20 80 4 2007 2006 1 2004 5 Gerard Hanlon A Profession in Transition Lawyers the Market and Significant Others 798 The Modern Law Review 60 1997 Gerard Hanlon Lawyers the State and the Market Professionalism Revisited London MacMillan Business 1999 Able Richard American Lawyers Oxford University Press 1991 David B. Wilkins Who Should Regulate Lawyers 105 Harv. L. Rev. 801. 1994 53 2001 4 2002 143 Evan A. Davis The Meaning of Professional Independence 1 Colum. L. Rev. 103 2003 2006 1 2004 3 69

2012 3 瑓 瑨 瑓 瑩 瑔 瑠 瑔 瑡 瑔 瑢 瑔 瑣 瑓 瑨 瑓 瑩 瑔 瑠 瑔 瑡 瑔 瑢 瑔 瑣 Peter H. Russell David M. O'Brien eds. Judicial Independence in the age of Democracy Critical Perspectives from Around the World Press of University of Virginia 2001 Bruce Peabody ed. The Politics of Judicial Independence Courts Politics and the Public John Hopkins University Press 2010 Bruce Ackerman The Rise of World Constitutionalism 83 Vi. L. Rev. 771-797 1994. 2011 3 2010 7 29 2011 2 14 2009 24 Carl F. Minzner Xinfang An Alternative to Formal Chinese Legal Institutions Stan. J. Int l L. 2010. 2011 3 12 http / /finance. ifeng. com /roll /20110312 /3646912. shtml 2011 3 13 Scott Gant Self - Regulation and an Independent Judiciary in Bruce Peabody ed. The Politics of Judicial Independence Courts Politics and the Public John Hopkins University Press 2010. 2011 Ethan Michelson Lawyers Political Embeddedness and Institutional Continuity in China s Transition from Socialism 113 Am. Jour. of Soc y 352 2007 70

瑔 瑤 70 80 2008 瑔 瑥 1 2001 2011 瑔 瑦 瑔 瑧 2 2007 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20% 27% 22% 22% 22% 瑔 瑨 2005 2011 15. 3 20. 4 瑔 瑩 20 瑖 瑠 2000 瑔 瑤 瑔 瑥 瑔 瑦 瑔 瑧 瑔 瑨 瑔 瑩 瑖 瑠 David B. Wilkins Who Should Regulate Lawyers 105 Harv. L. Rev. 801 1992. 1978-1998 2004 2006 2 2003 2 http / /www. edu. cn /20030115 /3075967. shtml 2009 5 1 1997 1 2002 4 2010 2011 9 40 20% 10 50 http / /www. legalinfo. gov. cn /index /content /2012-02 /13 /content_3347540. htm node = 7863 2012 3 27 44 http / /www. legalinfo. gov. cn /index /content /2011-02 /11 /content _ 3347540. htm node = 7863 2011 3 1 20 http / /www. chineselawyer. com. cn /pages /2011-1 - 8 /s59399. html 2011 3 1 10 50 http / /www. legalinfo. gov. cn /index /content /2012-02 /13 /content_3347540. htm node = 7863 2012 3 27 44 ht- tp / /www. legalinfo. gov. cn /index /content /2011-02 /11 /content_3347540. htm node = 7863 2011 3 1 71

2012 3 2010 8 瑖 瑡 9 瑖 瑢 2000 瑖 瑣 2008 瑖 瑤 2009 瑖 瑥 2009 11 2006 瑖 瑦 瑖 瑧 瑖 瑨 2000 瑖 瑩 2004 瑘 瑠 2009 瑖 瑡 瑖 瑢 瑖 瑣 瑖 瑤 瑖 瑥 瑖 瑦 瑖 瑧 瑖 瑨 瑖 瑩 瑘 瑠 2010 9 22 2010 9 30 Ling Li Corruption in China's courts in Randall Peerenboom eds. Judicial Independence in China Lessons for global rule of law promotion New York Cambridge University Press 2010. 2010 1 19 844 2010 3 18 2012 1 17 2010 11 23 2009 8 19 2001 2 15 2004 1 2004 11 13 72

瑘 瑡 2004 2006 2004 40% - 42% 2005 47% 瑘 瑢 瑘 瑣 瑘 瑤 瑘 瑥 瑘 瑡 瑘 瑢 瑘 瑣 瑘 瑤 瑘 瑥 2009 7 27 3 2008 HN - D - 20080523 27 2008 3 5 2001 161 73

2012 3 瑘 瑦 瑘 瑧 - - 瑘 瑨 瑘 瑩 70 瑝 瑠 瑝 瑡 瑘 瑦 瑘 瑧 瑘 瑨 瑘 瑩 瑝 瑠 瑝 瑡 2004 1998 3 1999 2 51 1994 2 2002 201 2008 2002 74

瑝 瑢 瑝 瑣 瑝 瑤 瑝 瑥 - - 90 1998 2008 瑝 瑢 瑝 瑣 瑝 瑤 瑝 瑥 Halliday Terence & Lucien Karpik eds. Lawyers and the Rise of Western Political Liberalism Legal Professions and the Constitution of Modern Politics Oxford Oxford University Press 1997 Kenneth Ledford. From General Estate to Special Interest German Lawyers 1878-1933. Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1996 Yves Dezalay & Bryant G. Garth Asian Legal Revivals Lawyers in the Shadow of Empire University of Chicago Press 2010 1992 2011 5 2002 201 2010 1 75

2012 3 200 瑝 瑦 2008 瑝 瑧 - - 瑝 瑨 瑝 瑩 90 瑝 瑦 瑝 瑧 瑝 瑨 瑝 瑩 2009 1 2004 2 Jour. M. Chi. Stu. 360 2010. 2009 2008 1999 2007 2006 1 76

1990 WTO - - 1994 32 See Jules Coleman Negative and Positive Positivism 11 The Jour. of Legal Stud. 139 1982 W. J. Waluchow Authority and the Practical Difference Thesis A Defense of Inclusive Legal Positivism 6 Legal Theory 45 2000. - - - 2007 2004 1994 32 2011 12 2006 1 77

2012 3 1 2 3 Abstract Based on duo - clue of the history of judicial system and the history of judicial theory and taking legal professionalization as the major research objective this article describes the leading idea of designing the Chinese judicial system in transitional period the phenomenon of formalist jurisprudence and its practice being far from the reality of contemporary society from a legal sociological perspective against the background of substantiated law. In addition combining the characteristics of transitional society in China this article e- laborates and rethinks the root of phased setbacks that the professional blueprint for lawmen with the logic start of immoral right theory has in current society. In the end the theory of filling up the situation of moral vacuum with contract proceduralism is proposed. 2010 5 78