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1 Ξ :,,,, : 2000,,,,,,,, ( Profession), ( ) (Legal Professionalism) :, ( ) ( Profession) 1,, ( ), ( Profession) 2,,,,, () Ξ :, 1 Roscoe Pound, The L awyer f rom A ntiquity to Modern Ti mes, West Publishing Co. (Minnesota), 1953, p Magali Sarfatti Larson, The Rise of Prof essionalism : A Sociological A nalysis, Berkeley : CA : University of California Press,

2 (),,,, :, profess,,profession :,,;,, (Business),,,,, (Occupation) 4,, : 5, ( Profession),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () 1. :,,,,, :,,,,, ; 6,,,,,,, 7,: 3 Lucien Karpik, French L awyers : A Study in Collective Action 1274 to 1994, Trans. by Nora Scott, Clarendon : Oxford Uni2 4 :,1999,198 5 Roscoe Pound, The L awyer f rom A ntiquity to Modern Ti mes, West Publishing Co. (Minnesota), 1953, p Colin Croft, Reconceptualizing American Legal Professionalism : A Proposal for Deliberative Moral Community, 67 N. Y. U. 7 [] :,,2002,188 4 versity Press, 1995 ; Kenneth F. LedFord, From General Estate to S pecial Interest : German L awyers, , Cam2 bridge University Press,1996 ; Eugene Huskey, Russian L awyers and the Soviet State, Princeton : Princeton University Press, L. Rev ( 1992).

3 ; 8,,, :, 9 ;,, 10, 2. :,,, 11,,,, :,, ( ),,,,(,),,,,,,,,,, 12,,, (),,: () () () 1. :, 8 Amelia J. Uelmen, A View of Legal Profession from a Mid - Twelfth - Century Monastery, 71 Fordham L. Rev ( 2003). 9 T. C. Halliday & L. Karpik, L awyers and the Rise of Western Polit2 ical L iberalism, New York : Oxford University Press, Roscoe Pound, The L awyer f rom A ntiquity to Modern Ti mes, West Publishing Co. (Minnesota), 1953, pp ,,,, (Contractarianism),,,,,,,;,,,, Anthony T. Kronman, The Fault in Legal Ethics, 100 Dick. L. Rev. 489 ( 1995). 12Deborah L. Rhode, The Professionalism Problem, 2 William and M ary law Review 39 ( 1998). 5

4 2005 6, 13,(Calling/ Bruf) 14,,,, ( ) ( ) 15,,,, 16,, :,,,,,,,,,,18 19,,,,19, 19 20,, :, ( General Estate), : (1), (2),,,(3), 18,,,, (), 19, 20,,,,: 21,, 13Anthony T. Kronman, The Fault in Legal Ethics, 100 Dick. L. Rev. 489 ( 1995). 14David Luban, The Noblesse Oblige Tradition in the Practice of Law, V and. L. Rev. 717 (1998). 15[] :,, Magali Sarfatti Larson, The Rise of Prof essionalism : A Sociological A nalysis, Berkeley : CA : University of California Press, 17David Luban, L awyers and J ustice : A n Ethical Study, Princeton : Princeton University Press, , [ ] :,, 19,,,, 20, ::, :, : 2, , p William. Bouwsma J., Lawyers and Early Modern Culture, 78 A merican His2 torical Review ( 1973).

5 ,,, 22,,( ),,, 23 3.,,, ;,,,,,,, (),, :, : (1),, ; (2),,,, 24,, : ( Self - regulation) (, ),,, () 1971 Burger, 25,,, ,,,30, 22Russell Peace, Lawyers as America s Governing Class : The Formation and Dissolution of the Original Understanding of the American Lawyer s Role, 8 U Chi L Sch Roundtable 381 ( 2001) ;Carl T. Bogus, The Death of an Honorable Profession, 71 Indiana L aw Journal 911 ( 1996) ;etc. 24Elliot L. Bien, Toward a Community of Professionalism, 3 The Journal of A ppellate Practice and Process 2 ( 2001). 25Mary Ann Glendon, A Nation under L awyers : How the Crisis in the Legal Prof ession Is Transf orming A merican Society, New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994, p Sol M. Linowitz & Martin Mayer, the Bet rayed Prof ession : L aw yering at the end of the Twentieth Cent ury, C. Scribner s Sons, Robert W. Gordon, Portrait of a Profession in Paralysis, 54 Stan. L. Rev ( 2002). 29Carl T. Bogus, The Death of an Honorable Profession, 71 Indiana L aw Journal 911 ( 1996). 30Chris Klein, Big - Firm Partners : Profession Sinking, NA T L L. J. 26 ( 1997). 7

6 2005 6, : 1.,, 20 70,,,,,,,,,, 31 2.,;,, 32 3., :, 4. 33, : ; ; ;;,, 34,,,,,, (),, 35, : 31David R. Papke, The Legal Profession and Its Ethical Responsibilities : A History, in Michael Davis & Frederick A. Elliston 32,Carl T. Bogus, The Death of an Honorable Profession, 71 Indiana L aw Journal 911 ( 1996). 33Richard Abel, The Contradictions of Legal Professionalism, in L aw yers in Society : The Com mon L aw World, Richard L. Abel 34Mary Seneviratne, The Legal Prof ession : Regulation and Consumer, Sweet & Maxwell Press, Richard L. Abel, A merican L awyers, New York : Oxford University Press, 1989, p (eds. ), Ethics and the Legal Prof ession, Prometheus Books,1986. & Philip S. C. Lewis (eds. ), University of California Press, 1988, pp

7 1.,, 36,,,,, 37,,, 38 2.,, :,,,,,, ;,,, 39 3.,:,, ; 40, ;, 41, 4.,, : ; ( ),,,,,,, 42 5.,,,, 43 36Maureen Cain, The symbol Traders, in L awyers in a Post modern World : Translation and Transgression, Maureen Cain and Christine B. Harrington (eds. ), Buckingham : Open University Press, 1994, p []:,,2001,218 38Roberto Unger, The Critical Legal Studies Movement, 96 Harvard L aw Review 567 ( 1983). 39Richard L. Abel, A merican L aw yers, New York : Oxford University Press, 1989 ; etc. 40Elliot L. Bien, Toward a Community of Professionalism, The Journal of A ppellate Practice and Process vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2001). 41Deborah L. Rhode, The Profession and the Public Interest, 54 Stanf ord. L aw Review 1501 ( 2002). 42Richard L. Abel, United States : the Contradictions of Professionalism, in Richard L. Abel & Philips. C. Lewis eds., L awyers in Society : the Com mon L aw World, Berkeley : University of California Press, E. Freidson, Prof essionalism Reborn : Theory, Prophecy and Policy, Cambridge : Polity Press,

8 2005 6,, :, ( ),, 44,,,,,, 45,,,, 46, () 1., ;,() ( ), 2. :,,,,,, : 47,,,, 48,,,, (), 49,, :?, , , 21, 46Anthony Black, Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought f rom the Twelf th Cent ury to the Present, Ithaca : Cor2 nell University Press,1984, pp :Roberto Unger, The Criti ,, Mary Ann Glendon, A Nation U nder L awyers : How the Crisis in the Legal Prof ession Is Trans2 50 Richard L. Abel ed., L awyers : A critical Reader, New York : The New Press, cal Legal Studies Movement, 96 Harvard L aw Review 569 ( 1983). f orming A merican Society, New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994 ; David Luban, L awyers and J ustice : A n Ethical Study, New York : Princeton University Press, 1988 ; Deborah L. Rhode, In the Interests of J ustice : Ref orming the Legal Prof ession, New York : Oxford University Press, 2001 ; William Simon, Visions of Practice in Legal Thought, in Critical Legal Studies (Allan C. Hutchinson ed. ), Rowman, Littlefield Publishers, Inc.,1989 ; etc. Richard A. Posner, J. Byron McCormick Lecture : Professionalisms, 40 A riz. L. Rev ( 1998).

9 , 51 ()?,,, 52 1.,,,,, 53,20 70,,, 54,,: (1) ; (2) ; (3),,,: (1), ; (2),,,, ; (3),,, ; (4), 55 2.,, ,,,,,,,, : (1),,,,,, (2), 51 :, 2005,5 52 4,,234 53Mary Seneviratne, The Legal Prof ession : Regulation and Consumer, Sweet & Maxwell Press, , 55Frank H. Stephen and Jame H. Love, Regulation of the Legal Prof ession, ,,, Eugene Huskey, R ussian L awyers and the Soviet State, Princeton : Princeton University Press,

10 2005 6,, 57 (3),,, 58 (),,,,,, 1.,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,, 2. ( ),, :, ;;, ; ;,,,( ),,,,,,, : (1),, 59 (2),, 60,, 57 4,,248 58Anthony Jones ed., Prof essions and the S tate : Ex pertise and A uthority in the Soviet U nion and Easter Europe, Deborah L. Rhode, In the Interests of J ustice : Ref orming the Legal Prof ession, New York : Oxford University Press, 2001, p William H. Simon, Ethics, Professionalism, and Meaningful Work, 26 Hof st ra L. Rev. 445 ( 1997). 12

11 , 61 () 90,,, 62,,,, ; 63, 64, (), 65,,,,:,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, 66,,,, :,,, 61Russell G. Pearce,Lawyers as America s Governing Class : The Formation and Dissolution of the Original Understanding of the American Lawyer s Role, 8 U Chi L. Sch. Roundtable 381 ( 2001) ; Colin Croft, Reconceptualizing American Legal Professionalism : A Proposal for Deliberative Moral Community, 67 N. Y. U. L. Rev ( 1992). 62, 4,, :, ;:,2002 ;:,1999 ; :20, :20 : (),2001 ; :,2002 ;:, :,1998 ;:, 1996 ;:,2002 ;:,1999 ;:3R,2004, 65 :,1998 ; :, 2000 ; :, 1994 ; :,2002 ;:,2003, 66 : :,

12 2005 6,,, 67, ;, 68 () ,, % % ; % %,, % %,,,,,; ( Profes2 sion),,, 46,, 38,,, :,, 69,,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,,, 70,,,,, ( ),,, 71, 67, :, : ; :, :, 2005,6 69::, ,,234 71,, : (),2001, :, :,

13 () :,,,, ,,,,, ,,, 1993,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,, 21,,,,,, , 74,2000,,,,, () :,,: (1), (2),(3),,( ),, 75, () 72:, , [] :,,2003,112 15

14 2005 6, : 76, 77,,,, 78, 79, : (1), () ; 80 (2),,; (3),; (4),,,, ; (5),, 81 : 82,,,, ;,,,,,2003 5, 145, 34, 111, 3 %, 24, 83, 76T. C. Halliday & L. Karpik., L awyers and the Rise of Western Political L iberalism, New York : Oxford University Press, , 78Lucien Karpik, French L awyers : A S t udy in Collective Action 1274 to 1994, Trans. by Nora Scott, Clarendon : Oxford 79,,,http :/ / / moe - dept/ xueweiban/ py-zyml. htm # 3 ; , , 81:2004,http :/ / www. gongfa. com/ fanyfzhengfaxi2004. htm, 82 () 83 : :, University Press, 1995 ; Kenneth F. LedFord, From General Estate to S pecial Interest : German L awyers , Cam2 bridge University Press, 1996.,,,, ;:,http :/ / www. gongfa. com/ fanyfzhengfaxibeida. htm, , :,http :/ / www. gongfa. com/ fanyfshehui2 hexie. htm,

15 ,,,, 2005, ,, ,3000, 8,,,,, %59. 5 %;,31. 6 %23. 4 % ( ),,,,,64. 9 % 65 %, %30. 6 % 85,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 86 :,,, :, 87,,, ;,,,,, 84 :, , ; 86,, 21, 87[]:,,

16 2005 6,,,- -,,,,,,,,,,,,,( ) ( ) (),,?,,,,,,, 88, 18,,,,,, (),,-,, 89,,,:,,,, ;,,, :,,,,( ) ( ), ;,,,,, 88 4,, :, :< >,2003,203 18

17 ,,,,(),, 90,,,,,,,,, 91,, (,, ),, Abstract : The law origins from the West. Its main instructive idea is legal professionalism, which in2 cludes three cornerstones. With the development of modern criticism, it is necessary to re - examine the advantages and disadvantages of nationalism, commercialism, technological professionalism and public professionalism. Our present academe and lawyers approve t he technological professionalism generally, in which the idea of regulation by the government is relatively faint. Therefore, the theory ofpublic field of civics, whose task is to accommodate many ethical ideas, may become a possible path to construct a new model of the position of our lawyersprofession. Key words : legal professionalism, technological, public, professional position, public field of civics 90:,, ,,204 19

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