91 Similar Exposure Group,SEG 91 91 I
II
III
IV
V
VI
90 1. 2. 3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 1-1
1.1 1.2 1-1 < 85 dba 85 dba 1-1 1-2
1.3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1-2 1.4 2. 1-3
*1 *2 *1 *2 1-2 1-4
1997. 1994 8-24. OSHA;1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure. Occupational Noise Exposure Standard and Hearing Conservation Amendment. NIOSH; 1996, Criteria For A Recommended Standard Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria 1996. NIOSH, 1996, Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss-A Practical Guide. Department of Industrial Health Ministry of Labour, Singapore 1996An Effective Hearing Conservation Program. 1-5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2-1
2.1 1. 2. 3. 2-2
2-1 () 2-1 A ( ) (dba) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1 105 110 1 115 4 () > --------------------------------------------------------------------- + -------------------------------------------------------------------- + = 1 < () 2.2 2-3
1. 2. 3. 2.3 1. 2-4
2-1 () 2-1 A ( ) (dba) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1 105 110 1 115 4 () > --------------------------------------------------------------------- + -------------------------------------------------------------------- += 1 < () 2-5
2.4 1. 2. 3. 2-6
2-7 2-2 2-2 ( audiometry ( audiometry)
2-3 2-3 2.5 1. 2-8
2. 2.6 1. 2. 3. 2.7 1. 2-9
2. 2.8 1. 2-10
() () () () () 2. 2-11
2-12 31 640 32 440 33 220 34 160 Audiometer
35 60 3. (1) A. B. Sensorineural Hearing Loss Pure Tone Audiogram C 5 dip C. 500Hz 1000Hz2000Hz 4000Hz D. (2) A. Base Line Data B. 2-13
C. 4. 2-14
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3-1
3.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 3.2 1. 2. 1. 3-2
(1) (Type) (spot) (noise map) ( 3-1) = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + n-1 n + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3-1 (2) ( noise dosimeter) 3-3
85 ( 3-2) (1) (slow) A ( 3 ) A. B. 80dB A A (2) A. B. A 80dB (3) A. B. A 5760 80dB 3-4
(4) A 2. (octave band analyzer) (sound intensity equipment) 3-2 3.3 (random sampling) 1. 3-5
2. 3-1 3-1 90%,N,n 8 9 10 1112 1314 1517 1820 2124 2529 3037 3849 50 >50 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22 3. ( 3-3 ) (1) (2) (3) (4) NIOSH 4 3-6
3-3 3.4 1. 80dBA 85dBA 2. 2-9 3.5 1. 3-7
85dBA 85dBA 1. 1997. 2. 1997. 3-8
3. 1997. 4. 1994 8-24. 1995 -. 1997 -. 1984. OSHA;1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure. Occupational Noise Exposure Standard and Hearing Conservation Amendment. NIOSH; 1996, Criteria For A Recommended Standard Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria 1996. NIOSH, 1996, Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss-A Practical Guide. Department of Industrial Health Ministry of Labor, Singapore 1996An Effective Hearing Conservation Program. 3-9
1. 2. 3. 4. 4-1
4.1 1. 4.2 (1) (2) (3) 4-2
4.3 4-1 OSHA (1) A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. (2) A. B. 4-3
C. D. E. F. (3) A. B. C. D. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) 4-4
, 4-1 4.4 4-5
4-6
1. 1997. 2. 1994 8-24. 3. 1997. 1995 -. 1997 -. OSHA;1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure. Occupational Noise Exposure Standard and Hearing Conservation Amendment. NIOSH; 1996, Criteria For A Recommended Standard Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria 1996. NIOSH, 1996, Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss-A Practical Guide. Department of Industrial Health Ministry of Labor, Singapore 1996An Effective Hearing Conservation Program. 4-7
1. 2. 3. 5-1
5.1 5.2 2-10 1. 8 2. 3. 5.3 5-2
2. 3. 1. 1997. 2. 1994 8-24. 1995 -. 1997 -. OSHA;1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure. Occupational Noise Exposure Standard and Hearing Conservation Amendment. NIOSH; 1996, Criteria For A Recommended Standard Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria 1996. NIOSH, 1996, Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss-A Practical Guide. Department of Industrial Health Ministry of Labor, Singapore 1996An Effective Hearing Conservation Program. 5-3
1. 2. 3. 4. 6-1
6.1 80 85 6.2 1. (1) (2) (3) 85dBA 2. 3. 6-2
(1) 91 www.cla.gov.tw (2) 1. 2. (3) ISO 6-1 6-1 ISO 8253 (1989) (Hz) 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 (db) 22.8 27.9 34.9 39.8 36.5 45 6-1 ISO 8253(1989) (4) A. B. C. D. E. 3-6 6-3
4. 48 80dBA 5. (1) 14 80 5 14 80 (2) (supra-aural) (insert type) (circum-aural) 6-4
6.3 1. 85dBA 2. OSHA 200030004000Hz 10 db Standard threshold shiftsts 30 14 80dBA 10dB 1997 6 30 1kHz2kHz 3kHz 40dB 40dB 50dB 40dB 6-5
3k4k6k Hz 3k4k6kHz 4 6 8 8 1122334 51122334 25 3. A. B. C. D. 87 OSHA 500Hz1kHz2kHz 3kHz4kHz 6kHz 500Hz1kHz2kHz 0-25 26-40 41-70 71-90 90 6-6
59 4 53 X X 80 640 70 440 80 220 70 160 6.4 ANSI OSHA 1983 93.3% ANSI 1991 37.0% 500Hz OSHA 1983 ANSI 1991 6-7
85 85 45 ISO 82531989 6.5 85dBA 85dBA (3) A. B. C. D. 6-8
E. F. A. B. C. 6-9
6-1 6-10
1. 1994. 2. 1995. 3. Morata, T. C., Lemasters, G. K.1995; Epidemiologic Consideration in the Evaluation of Occupational Hearing Loss, Occupational Medicine- State of the Art Review: 10:641. 4. Osguthrope, J. D. and Klein, A. J.1991; Occupational Hearing Conservation. Otolaryngologic Clinic of North America: 24:403. 5. Henderson, D. and Hamernik, R.P.1995; Biologic Bases of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Occupational Medicine- State of the Art Review: 10:513. 6. 1994. 7. McBride, D., Calvert I., 1994; Audiometry in Industry, Ann. Occup. Hyg. 38:219.. 8. Dennis, J..M., Neely, J.C., 1991; Basic Hearing Tests,. Otolaryngologic Clinic of North America: 24:253. 9. 1994. 10. Rosenstock, L., Cullen, M.R.1986; Clinical Occupational Medicine, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia: 174. 11. Newby, H.A., Popelka G.R., 1990; Industrial Audiology in Audiology,. 5th Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood, N.J.: 294-357. 12. Feltons, J. S.,1990; Occupational Medical Management: A Guide to the Organization and Operation of In-plant Occupational Health Services, Little, Brown and Company; Boston: 432. 13. Newby, H.A., Popelka, G.R., 1990; Testing the Hearing Function: Pure-Tone Audiometry, in Audiology, 5th Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood, N.J.: 116-162. 14. Gasaway DC 1988; Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, in Handbook of Occupational Medicine, Little, Brown and Company. Boston: 196. 15. ISO 8253-2, 1992; AcousticsAudiometric Test Methods - Part 2: Sound Field Audiometry with Pure Tone and Narrow-Band Test. 16. IEC 651, 1993; Sound Level Meters. 17. IEC 645-1, 1992; Audiometers - Part 1: Pure-Tone Audiometers. 18. ANSI S3.1, 1960; Criteria for Background Noise in Audiometer Rooms. 19. ISO 6189, 1983; AcousticsPure Tone Air Conduction Threshold Audiometry for hearing conservation purposes. 20. Olishfski, J.B., 1988; Occupational Hearing Loss, Noise and Hearing 6-11
Conservation, In Occupational Medicine: Principle and Practical Application, 2nd Ed. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc. Chicago. 21. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1982; Guide for Conservation of Hearing in Noise, Foundation, Inc., Rochester, MN. 22. Occupational Noise Exposure, 1983Hearing Conservation Amendment, Final Rule, Fed. Reg., 48(46)9737-9785. 6-12
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7-1
7.1 7.2 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) 7.3 CE 7-2
OB HMLSNRNRR 3. 4. 7-3
7-1 25dB 15 20dB 7-1 5. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 7-4
7.4 1. 2. (1) A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. (A) (B) 7-5
(2) 7-2 A. ; B. ( ) C. 7-2 D. (A) (B) (C) 7.5 1. 2. 3. 4. 7-6
(1) (2) (3) (4) 7.6 7-7
1. 1995 -. 2. 1994. 3. 1997. 4. 1994 8-24. 1995 -. 1997 -. 1987. NIOSH; 1994, The NIOSH Compendium of Hearing Protection Devices CNS T2012 8454 ; 1982,. ISO 4869-1; 1990, Acoustics- Hearing Protectors- Part 1: Subjective Method for the Measurement of Sound Attenuation ISO 4869-2; 1994, Acoustics- Hearing Protectors- Part 2: Estimation of Effective A-Weighted Sound Pressure Levels When Hearing Protectors Are Worn 7-8
ISO 4869-3; 1990, Acoustics- Hearing Protectors- Part 3: Simplified Method for Measurement of Insertion Loss of Ear-Muff Type Protectors for Quality Inspection Purposes First Edition OSHA;1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure. Occupational Noise Exposure Standard and Hearing Conservation Amendment. NIOSH; 1996, Criteria For A Recommended Standard Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria 1996. NIOSH, 1996, Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss-A Practical Guide. Department of Industrial Health Ministry of Labor, Singapore 1996An Effective Hearing Conservation Program. 7-9
1. 2. 3. 8-1
8.1 85 dba 8.2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8.3 1. 1 10 8-2
2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 8.4 1. 8-3
2. 3. 1. 1997. 2. 1997. 3. Nakai Y, Masutani HNoise-induced Vasoconstriction in the Cochlea Acta Otolaryngologica 47:23-27,1988. 4. 1997. 5. 1985 OSHA1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure. 1996. 1996. 8-4
NIOSH1996Criteria for A Recommended Standard Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria. 8-5
1. 2. 3. 4. 9-1
9.1 9.2 1. 85dBA (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 9-2
OSHA 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ( ) 3. (2) (3) (4) 9-3
(5) (6) (7) 4. (1) A. B. C. D. E. (2) (3) (4) (5) 9.3 1. 2. 30 9-4
3. 1. 1997. 2. 1997. 3. 1985. 4. 1997. 5. Berger et.al.1986noisehearing Conservation Manual, American Industrial Hygiene Association. 1993. OSHA1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure. 1996. 1996. NIOSH1996Criteria for A Recommended Standard Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria. 9-5
1. 2. 10-1
10.2 85 6.3 2. 2 (1) ANSI S12.13-1991 ( ) ( ) 30 A. %Ws (Percent Worse Sequential) (0.512346kHz) 15dB %Ws 10-2
1%Ws< %Ws> 10-1 ANSI 12.13 %Ws (marginal range) 1 2 20-30 2 3 20-30 3 4 20-30 5 6 17-27 6 7 17-27 7 8 17-27. < > B. (STDVs) 1 HTLs(hearing threshold levels) (0.512346k) 6 2 HTLs (0.512346k) 6 3 (STDVs) (0.51 2346k) 6 4 10-2 10-2 ANSI 12.13 STDVs (marginal range) 0.5kHz 1kHz 2kHz 3kHz 4kHz 6kHz 1 2 6-7 6-7 6-7 7-10 7-10 9-12 2 3 6-7 6-7 6-7 7-10 7-10 9-12 3 4 6-7 6-7 6-7 7-10 7-10 9-12 5 6 5-7 5-7 5-7 6-8 7-10 8-11.5 6 7 5-7 5-7 5-7 6-8 7-10 8-11.5 7 8 5-7 5-7 5-7 6-8 7-10 8-11.5. < > 10-3
(2) A. (OSHA) 10%-15% [. (threshold shift) 5001k 2k 25dB ] B. (threshold shift) C. (Morrill and Sterrett 1981Franks et al. 1989Simpson et al. 1994) 3-6% OSHA (OSHA STS) 2k3k4k 10 10 3. NIOSH ISO 10-4
1-5 () () () () () () 1. Tilahun Adera, et al.. Should the audiometric database analysis method (Draft ANSI S12.13-1991) for evaluation the effectiveness of hearing conservation programs be accepted as a US national standard? J An Acad Audio, 6:302-310, 1995. 2. Criteria for a recommended standardoccupational noise exposure, Revised Criteria 1998. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/98-126.html. 3. Mary M. Prince, Leslie T. Stayner, Randall J. Smith and Stephen J. Gilbert, 1997; A re-examination of risk estimates from the NIOSH occupational noise and hearing survey, The journal of the acoustical society of America. Vol.101, No.2, p.950-963. 4. International Standard, 1990; Acoustics Determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise- induced hearing impairment 10-5
3dB rule equal energy hypothesis 3 5 db rule 5-1
-2
(f i ) 2 + = (f i+1 ) (f i+1) (f i ) + = f c = = + (f i+1 ) (f i ) -1
P rms (Pa) P 0 (20Pa) 20 (decibel, db) = = Lp (db) 1 8-2
48 80dB(A) 14 80dB(A) 40 80dB(A) 37. 38. 39. -3
2 83 2 83 2 83 85902768-70 85902771-74 85902775-79 85902740-46 85902751-55 85902756-59 85902760-63 31 39 (02)23213511 2 501 7 (04)22550633 11 (07)2354861 407 99 (02)26607600 ext.201-216 ext.261-276 ext.217-231 ext.277-291 ext.232-239 1-1
3 287 ( 3 (06)5051001 1-2
2 63 9F 2 65 81 8 (02)23712597 ( ) 2 1-3
~5 23 6 (02)23627010 2 28 4 2 128 26 231-1 6 (04)22249535 (02)23632722 6 9 1-4
91 12 31 www.cla.gov.tw 1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
( ) 1-9
1-10
(sound level meter) (IEC 651 804) 2-1 2-1 (IEC 651 804) (ANSI 1.4) Type 0 0.7dB 2-1
Type 1 1.0dB Type 2 1.5dB Type 3 2dB (CNS) 7129 IEC Type 1 CNS 7127 IEC Type 2 CNS 7128 IEC Type 3 (microphone) (1) ( Air Condenser Microphone) 200mV 20-140 ( Electrode Condenser Microphone ) 98% ( Piezoelectric Microphone ) (PZT) 2-2
( Dynamic Microphone ) 20 (2) (Omni-directional Microphone) 2-2 2-2 1Pa (mv) mv/pa 2-3
ABCD F 2-3 A db(a) B C D (flat)f 20 20kHz (linear) C 10 0-10 (db) -20 C B D A B,C D -30 A -40 100 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k (Hz) 2-3 (RMS) 2-4
(F) 125 (ms) 4 (S) 1 4 (I) 35 () A ( ) 1. 2. ) (1) 2-5
) I nk = k S k =k N = 3. RN RS RN RS BZ1-BZ10 BZ () 1. 2. 3. 4. () 1. 2-6
(real time) 2. 3. 4. 6 5. 6. background noise 2-7
10dB 310dB 2-1 3dB 2-4 2-1 (db) 3 45 69 10 (db) -3-2 -1 0 () 35m 2-5 1m 1.21.5m 90 85 80 85-90 90 90 2-6 2-8
2-4 2-9
2-5 r=35m 2-6 () 90dB(A) 100 5dB(A) q=5db(a) (T) (L) 8 T ( ) L...(1) 2 90 5 D D(t/T)100......(2) T L (db(a)) t 2-10
(1) (2) ( L 90 ) 5 2 D =...(3) 12. 5t log2 10 L 90 5 D = 12. 5t...(4) ( L 90) log 102 D = log...(5) 5 125. t L time weighted average sound level, TWA TWA = 5 D log + 90 = 16. 61log log 102 125. t 10 10 D + 90...(6) 12. 5t D TWA = 16. 61log 10 + 90...(7) 100 100 n ti D = 100%...(8) Ti i= 1 ti Ti n 1 100 2-11
S 80dB(A) 80dB(A) 300 140dB(A) 8 12 1 5 10 10 20 20 300 140dB(A) 2-12
() (20Hz) (20KHz) (frequency spectral analysis) f n = 2 f...(9) 2 1 f 1 f 2 n1 (octave bands) (5.10)n1/3 1/3 n f 1 f 2 f 0 (10)(11) f f 2 n/ 2 2 = 2 n 2 1 = / f f 0...(10) 0...(11) n 2 n 2 B = f 2 f 1= ( 2 / 2 / ) f 0 = β f 0...(12) B f 0 n1 0.231 () 2-13
1. A., S 510 (A) (Lx) (S) X X 50 L 90 L L 10 L 50 L 90 3dB L 5 L 95 (B) (LeqT) T L 50 LeqT Leq(T) ) L 10 L 50 T n Li n Leq, T = 10log 10 10 / n...(13) i= 1 S (6)(7) (TWA)(13) (Leq,T) B. A (S) 2-14
(TWA) TWA=16.61 log [( = )/n] 2. A. (A) 85dB (B). 90dB. 2-2 2-2 A ( ) (db(a)) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1 105 1 110 1 115 4 2-15
. > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + = 1 <. 90. 85 50. 80 (SPL) Lx (L 90,L 50,L 10 ) (A) L 10 L 50 Leq Leq L 50 Leq L 10 (B) 3dB C. (SPL) (14) (TWA) (D) 2-16
n Li/ 16. 61 TWA = 16. 61log 10 / n...(14) i= 1 n n SPL TWA T T 8 = TWA 90 ( ) 5 2...(15) n = / D ( Ci Ti) i= 1 100...(16) Ci TWA ( ) Ti TWA ( ) (D) 3. (D) TWA A. 8 D 1 TWA16.61 log(d 1 100)90...(17) B. ( x ) D 2 (D 3 ) D 3 D 2 (8x)...(18) TWA16.61 log (D 3 100)90...(19) () 1. 2-17
2-7(a) (quasi-steady impulsive noise) 2-7(b) (b) 2-7 A. B. 0.035 C. 30dB 0.5 0.035 30dB 0.5 2. A. a. 140dB 2-18
b. (100%) 50% 2-3 (Lower Confidence level) (Upper Confidence Limit) 95%LCL 95% 95% LCL 95%UCL 95% 95% UCL 95%LCL UCL 95% 0.4 95%UCL 1.4 95%LCL 0.6 2-19
1. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (A) a. b. (B) a. b. c. C. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) ( Attenuator ) (2) 3-1
36 1 5 A. (A) (B) 5 (C) (D) ( 3-2
) (E) 60 db70 db (F) (G) B. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (A)(D) IEC651(1993) a. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3-3
IEC651(1993) 1 b. (a) 3-1 3-1 (b) (c) (d) ±3 ±1dB C. IEC 645-1 (1992) 3-4
2. A. 1000 Hz2000 Hz3000 Hz4000 Hz6000 Hz8000 Hz1000 Hz500 Hz250 Hz B. (A) 12 (B) C. (A)1000Hz 40dB (B) 20dB (C) 10dB (D) (E) (F) D. ( 3-2 ) 3-2 3-5
(Ascending method ) 10dB 5dB 10dB 5dB 10dB (A)(B). 10dB 1000Hz 5dB 5dB 10dB 10dB 5dB 5dB ( 3-3) ( ) 15 E. 3. 3-1 3-2 3-4 45 ( 3-4) 3-6
3-3 3-7
3-4 3-8
3-1 (//) ( / ) (Hz) 250 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 250 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 * 2/3/4/ khz 10 db 1983OSHA 12 30 14! 3-9
3-2 (Hz) (Hz) (db) 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 5 0 0 10 10 5 0 5 5 10 10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 5 5 5 10 15 11 5 5 0 10 15 10 0 5 5 15 20 15 0 5 5 15 15 15 5 5 5 15 25 10 5 5 10 15 20 20 0 5 5 20 25 15 0 +5 +10 +5 +10 +15 0 0 0 +10 +15 +5 2K/3K/4KHz 8.3 8.3 5. *1 *2 3-3 3-4 OSHA 3-5 3-6 20 5 db (Hz) 500 1k 2k 3k 4k 6k *1 (1) 8.2 6.1 3.6 4.9 5.8 6.7 (2) 12.7 14.6 15.5 22.4 29.6 20.9 (3) 4.5 8.5 11.9 17.5 23.8 14.2 =[(1)-(2)] *2 (4) 20-7.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 (5) 25-9.0 6.0 8.0 11.0 13.0 (6) - 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 =[(4)-(5)] *3 (7) 4.5 6.5 8.9 13.5 18.8 7.2 =[(3)-(6)] *3 2k3k 4kHz 10dB 3-10
3-3 (Hz) () 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 HL(dB) 15-19 9 7 6 7 6 20-24 7 3 4 6 6 25-29 9 6 8 11 13 30-34 9 8 9 9 14 35-39 9 6 9 12 16 40-44 9 10 11 16 18 45-49 12 11 17 23 24 50-54 13 14 19 28 33 55-59 13 15 19 24 26 60-65 16 21 26 34 39 1 1997 324 3-4 (Hz) () 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 HL(dB) 15-19 8 7 6 7 9 20-24 6 4 5 7 8 25-29 5 6 5 7 7 30-34 6 6 7 5 9 35-39 8 8 7 9 11 40-44 10 9 10 12 15 45-49 10 10 15 12 16 50-54 11 12 15 18 21 55-59 11 13 13 15 20 60-65 16 20 21 23 29 2 1997 317 3-11
3-5 (OSHA) (Hz) () 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 HL(dB) <20 5 3 4 5 8 21 5 3 4 5 8 22 5 3 4 5 8 23 5 3 4 6 9 24 5 3 5 6 9 25 5 3 5 7 10 26 5 4 5 7 10 27 5 4 6 7 11 28 6 4 6 8 11 29 6 4 6 8 12 30 6 4 6 9 12 31 6 4 7 9 13 32 6 5 7 10 14 33 6 5 7 10 14 34 6 5 8 11 15 35 7 5 8 11 15 36 7 5 9 12 16 37 7 6 9 12 17 38 7 6 9 13 17 39 7 6 10 14 18 40 7 6 10 14 19 41 7 6 10 14 20 42 8 7 11 16 20 43 8 7 12 16 21 44 8 7 12 17 22 45 8 7 13 18 23 46 8 8 13 19 24 47 8 8 14 19 24 48 9 8 14 20 25 49 9 9 15 21 26 50 9 9 16 22 27 51 9 9 16 23 28 52 9 10 17 24 29 53 9 10 18 25 30 54 10 10 18 26 31 55 10 11 19 27 32 56 10 11 20 28 34 57 10 11 21 29 35 58 10 12 22 31 36 59 11 12 22 32 37 >60 11 13 23 33 38 3-12
3-6 (OSHA) (Hz) () 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 HL(dB) <20 7 4 3 3 6 21 7 4 4 3 6 22 7 4 4 4 6 23 7 5 4 4 7 24 7 5 4 4 7 25 8 5 4 4 7 26 8 5 5 4 8 27 8 5 5 5 8 28 8 5 5 5 8 29 8 5 5 5 9 30 8 6 5 5 9 31 8 6 6 5 9 32 9 6 6 6 10 33 9 6 6 6 10 34 9 6 6 6 10 35 9 6 7 7 11 36 9 7 7 7 11 37 9 7 7 7 12 38 10 7 7 7 12 39 10 7 8 8 12 40 10 7 8 8 13 41 10 8 8 8 13 42 10 8 9 9 13 43 11 8 9 9 14 44 11 8 9 9 14 45 11 8 10 10 15 46 11 9 10 10 15 47 11 9 10 11 16 48 12 9 11 11 16 49 12 9 11 11 16 51 12 10 12 12 17 52 12 10 12 13 18 53 13 10 13 13 18 54 13 11 13 14 19 55 13 11 14 14 19 56 13 11 14 15 20 57 13 11 15 15 20 58 14 12 15 16 21 59 14 12 16 16 21 >60 14 12 16 17 22 3-13
3-7 (Hz) 250 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 HL(dB) 15 8 6 7 4 5 4 4 2 16 8 6 7 4 5 4 5 2 17 8 6 7 4 6 4 5 2 18 8 6 7 5 6 4 5 3 19 9 7 7 5 6 5 5 3 20 9 7 7 5 6 5 5 3 21 9 7 8 5 6 5 6 3 22 9 7 8 5 7 5 6 3 23 9 7 8 5 7 5 6 4 24 10 7 8 6 7 6 6 4 25 10 8 8 6 7 6 7 4 26 10 8 9 6 7 6 7 4 27 10 8 9 6 8 6 7 4 28 10 8 9 6 8 7 8 5 29 10 8 9 7 8 7 8 5 30 11 8 9 7 8 7 8 5 31 11 9 10 7 9 8 9 6 32 11 9 10 7 9 8 9 6 33 11 9 10 8 9 8 9 6 34 12 9 10 8 10 9 10 7 35 12 9 11 8 10 9 10 7 36 12 10 11 9 10 9 11 8 37 12 10 11 9 11 10 11 8 38 12 10 11 9 11 10 12 9 39 13 10 12 9 11 11 12 9 40 13 11 12 10 12 11 13 10 41 13 11 12 10 12 12 13 10 42 13 11 12 10 13 12 14 11 43 14 11 13 11 13 13 14 12 44 14 12 13 11 13 13 15 12 45 14 12 13 12 14 14 16 13 46 15 12 14 12 14 14 16 14 47 15 12 14 12 15 15 17 15 3-14
48 15 13 14 13 15 15 18 15 49 15 13 15 13 16 16 19 16 50 16 13 15 14 16 17 19 17 51 16 14 15 14 17 17 20 18 52 16 14 16 15 17 18 21 20 53 17 14 16 15 18 19 22 21 54 17 15 16 16 19 20 23 22 55 17 15 17 16 19 21 24 23 56 18 15 17 17 20 21 25 25 57 18 16 18 18 20 22 26 26 58 18 16 18 18 21 23 27 28 59 19 16 18 19 22 24 28 30 60 19 17 19 19 23 25 30 32 61 19 17 19 20 23 26 31 33 62 20 17 20 21 24 27 32 35 63 20 18 20 22 25 29 34 38 64 21 18 21 22 26 30 35 40 65 21 19 21 23 27 31 37 42 3-15
3-8 (Hz) 250 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 HL(dB) 15 10 7 6 4 3 3 5 2 16 10 7 6 4 3 3 5 2 17 10 7 6 4 4 3 5 2 18 10 8 6 4 4 3 5 3 19 11 8 6 4 4 3 5 3 20 11 8 6 4 4 3 6 3 21 11 8 7 4 4 3 6 3 22 11 8 7 5 4 4 6 3 23 11 8 7 5 4 4 6 3 24 11 8 7 5 5 4 6 4 25 11 8 7 5 5 4 7 4 26 11 8 7 5 5 4 7 4 27 11 8 7 5 5 4 7 4 28 12 9 8 6 5 5 7 4 29 12 9 8 6 5 5 8 5 30 12 9 8 6 6 5 8 5 31 12 9 8 6 6 5 8 5 32 12 9 8 6 6 6 9 6 33 12 9 8 6 6 6 9 6 34 12 9 9 7 7 6 9 6 35 12 9 9 7 7 6 10 7 36 13 10 9 7 7 7 10 7 37 13 10 9 7 7 7 10 7 38 13 10 9 8 8 7 11 8 39 13 10 9 8 8 8 11 8 40 13 10 10 8 8 8 11 9 41 13 10 10 8 8 9 12 9 42 13 10 10 9 9 9 12 10 43 14 11 10 9 9 9 13 10 44 14 11 10 9 9 10 13 11 45 14 11 11 10 10 10 14 11 46 14 11 11 10 10 11 14 12 47 14 11 11 10 10 11 15 13 3-16
48 14 11 11 10 11 12 15 13 49 14 11 12 11 11 12 16 14 50 15 12 12 11 12 13 16 15 51 15 12 12 12 12 13 17 16 52 15 12 12 12 12 14 18 17 53 15 12 13 12 13 15 18 18 54 15 12 13 13 13 15 19 19 55 15 12 13 13 14 16 20 20 56 16 13 13 14 14 17 21 21 57 16 13 14 14 15 18 21 22 58 16 13 14 14 15 18 22 23 59 16 13 14 15 16 19 23 25 60 16 13 15 15 16 20 24 26 61 16 14 15 16 17 21 25 28 62 17 14 15 16 18 22 26 29 63 17 14 16 17 18 23 27 31 64 17 14 16 17 19 24 28 32 65 17 14 16 18 20 25 29 34 3-17
4-1
4-2
( ) = = 1 4-3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = + + = = + + = = + + = = + + = = + + = = + + = = + + = = + + = 4-4
4-5
0.1 L' 10log 10 ( Lf(k) + Af(k) APVf(k) ) A = db(a) 8 k= 1 4-6
4 Hx = 0.25 PNRxi 0.48 (di PNR xi) i= 1 i= 1 8 Mx = 0.25 PNRxi 0.16 (di PNR xi) i= 5 i= 5 8 Lx = 0.25 PNRxi 0.23 (di PNR xi) 4 8 i = 5 i = 51 8 = = 4-7
PNR M H = M (LC LA 2) 4 PNR M M L = (LC LA 2) 8 4-8
( ) = = 4-9
NRR 8 0.1( LA APV ) 107.9dBC 10log 10 f(k) f(k) = - 3 k= 1 log sum 4-10
C98 =LCNRR 98 L' C98 =10420=84 (db(a)) LC=104dB(C)NRR 98 =20dB A98 =LA(NRR 98 7) LA100dB(A)NRR 98 20dB L' A98 =100(207)87(dB(A)) 98% 84dB(A)(87dB(A)) 8 SNRNRR 4-11
(Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 69.2 78.7 83.1 92.5 95.5 96.9 95.5 88.7 101.7 db(a) (Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 NRR 28.4 37.3 37.9 39.1 36.0 34.6 42.5 46.4 29.0 (Mean) (SD) 6.4 9.0 9.2 9.7 7.9 4.6 4.9 4.7 () NRR NRR=29 =101.7 (29-7) = 79.7(dB(A)) 1. NRR 2. NRR 98% NRR NRR = 107.9dBC 10log 8 k = 1 10 ( LA f(k) APV ) - 3 0.1 f(k) ()OB db(a) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 69.2 78.7 83.1 92.5 95.5 96.9 95.5 88.7 101.7 (mean) 28.4 37.3 37.9 39.1 36.0 34.6 42.5 46.4 4-12
(SD) 6.4 9.0 9.2 9.7 7.9 4.6 4.9 4.7 22.0 28.3 28.7 29.4 28.1 30.0 37.6 41.7 mean-sd 47.2 50.4 54.4 63.1 67.4 66.9 57.9 47.0 71.3 L' A 10 log (10 4.7 10 5.0 10 5.4 10 6.3 10 6.7 10 6.7 10 5.8 10 4.7 ) 71.3dB(A) 30.4dB L A L act L A =L act (85dB(A)) L A =L act 5dB (80dB(A)) L A =L act 10dB (75dB(A)) L A =L act 15dB (70dB(A)) L A L act 85dB(A) 4-13
= = + = + = + 4-14
4-15
/.. 91. -- IOSH91-T-020 ISBN 957-01-3206-X 1. 412.53 91024151 221 407 99 02-26607600 http://www.iosh.gov.tw/ 200 http://www.sanmin.com.tw/ 2 B1 61 04-22260330 02-23617511 386 177 02-25006600 04-7252792 http://www.govbooks.com.tw/ 141 3 10 B1 07-3324910 02-25781515#643 http://www.iosh.gov.tw/ GPN: 1009105282 ISBN: 957-01-3206-X