2013 11 Nov. 2013 6 Arab World Studies No.6. 2011 10 23 Ennahda Movement 41.47%2011 11 106
27 Justice and Development Party 2011 11 28 Al-Nour Party 47.2% 24.7% 2012 1 29 59% 23.9%2012 7 17 National Forces Alliance Justice and Construction Party 48.8% 21.3% 2012 2 2 42% 2012 6 14 2011 2012 2012 6 29 14 2012 10 33 107
Salafi Da'wah Reform Front Authenticity PartyReform and Renaissance PartyBuilding and Development Party Virtue PartyReform Party 2012 Ansar al-sharia 108
18 muwahhidun 2651 2008 12 133 12631328 780855 As-Salaf As-Saalih 13491292 1700179218171898 18381897 1849190518651935 1877193819061949 [] 1991 56 109
20 populist puritans Quintan Wiktorowicz, Anatomy of the Salafi Movement, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 29, 2006, p.235. [] - 2007 19-20 Robin Wright, Don't Fear All Islamists, Fear Salafis, The New York Times, August 19, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/20/opinion/dont-fear-all-islamists-fear-salafis.html. 20 Scientific Salafism 1979 Roel Meijer, Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p.1. 110
[] 1995 261 Christian Caryl, The Salafi Moment, Foreign Policy, September 12, 2012, http://www.fore ignpolicy. com/articles/2012/09/12/the_salafi_moment. 20 70 [] 3632 2012 8 2 http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=294505 111
2012 9 2012 11 14 4 Will McCants, A New Salafi Politics, Foreign Policy, October 12, 2012, http://mideast.forei gnpolicy.com/posts/2012/10/12/a_new_salafi_politics. 112
123 96 27 24.7% Kamran Bokhari, Salafism and Arab Democratization, Stratfor, October 2, 2012, http://www. stratfor.com/weekly/salafism-and-arab-democratization. Roel Meijer, Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p.16. [] 2012 9 [] 2012 7 1 10 http://studies.aljazeera.net/reports/2012/07/201271103413876925.htm. Jonathan Brown, Salafis and Sufis in Egypt, The Carnegie Papers, Washington: Carnegie 113
act non-politically Salafist in ideology Endowment for International Peace, December 2011, p. 8. Stephane Lacroix, Sheikhs and Politicians: Inside the New Egyptian Salafism, Policy Briefing, Washington: Brookings Institute, June 2012, p. 6. http://www.alnourparty.com. Mark Durie, Salafis and the Muslim Brotherhood: What is the difference?, Middle East Forum, June 6, 2013. http://www.meforum.org/3541/salafis-muslim-brotherhood. Roel Meijer, Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p.17. Political Islam: Everywhere on the rise, The Economist, Vol. 401, Dec 10, 2011, p.50. 114
83 2013 9 6 115
Don t Fear All Islamists, Fear Salafis Salafi Crescent Robin Wright, Don't Fear All Islamists, Fear Salafis, The New York Times, August 19, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/20/opinion/dont-fear-all-islamists-fear-salafis.html 116
2011 Innocence of Muslims Sam Bacile 2012 7 14 YouTube 9 YouTube 2012 9 12 2012 9 17 2012 9 27 117
New Developments of Salafism in the Middle East Upheaval BAO Chengzhang (Ph.D, Assistant Researcher, the Middle East Studies Institute, Shanghai International Studies University; Postdoctoral Fellow, Postdoctoral Research Station, Shanghai International Studies University) Abstract Since the outbreak of the Middle East upheaval, Salafi forces, widely distributed in Arab world, has risen rapidly and revealed internal divisions. In addition to traditional Salafism, political Salafism, represented by Al-Nour Party, continues to increase its political influence in the regional countries, with an evident tendency of Party politics. The religious extremism, represented by Jihadi Salafism has seen an upward trend, and shown apparent internal differentiation, the faction engaged in violence and the faction advocating nonviolence coexist simultaneously inside Jihadi Salafis. The rise of Salafism is increasingly aggravating the sectarian conflicts inside the Islamic world of the Middle East, further expanding the opposition between the Islamic world and the West, and also intensifying the competition of the Gulf Arab states, led by Saudi Arabia, for political discourse and control of regional affairs in the Middle East. Key Words Middle East Upheaval; Salafism; Jihadi Salafism; Political Salafism 118