TCP 1 T/TCP 1.1 U D P T C P T C P / I P T / T C T / T C P T / T C U D P T C P T / T C P - T C P I n t e r n e t T / T C P I n t e r n e t T / T C P T / T C P I n t e r n e t ( D N S ) I P 1.2 UDP U D P 1-1 1-1 UDP
2 TCP 1-1 ( ) 1. 9 4. 4 B S D - L i t e [Stevens 1990] 6 1-2 c l i s e r v. h 1. U D P 10-11 s o c k e t U D P e r r _ s y s [Stevens 1992] B. 2 v s p r i n t f e r r n o U n i x 2. 12-15 m e m s e t I n t e r n e t I P I P (a r g v[ 1 ]) (U D P _ S E R V _ P O R T) c l i s e r v. h # d e f i n e g e t h o s t b y n a m e g e t s e r v b y n a m e 3. 16-19 ( ) s e n d t o U D P (R E Q U E S T) (R E P L Y) 4. 20-23 r e c v f r o m ( ) ( ) r e c v f r o m U D P
1 T / T C P 3 c l i s e r v. h S A struct sockaddr* ANSI C 80 v o i d *( ) struct sockaddr* 17 ( ) S A B S D 1-2 c l i s e r v. h 1-2 c l i s e r v. h 1-3 U D P 1-3 1-1 U D P U D P
4 TCP 1-3 ( ) 5. U D P 8-15 s o c k e t U D P I n t e r n e t (I N A D D R _ A N Y) ( ) (U D P _ S E R V _ P O R T) c l i s e r v. h I P b i n d 6. 16-25 (r e c v f r o m) ( ) (s e n d t o) U D P ( D N S ) D N S ( ) ( Te l n e t F T P W W W ) D N S U D P I U D P 1-4 1-4 s o c k e t s e n d t o U D P I P ( M T U ) I P r e c v f r o m s l e e p w a k e u p 1-4 RTT + SPT RT T S P T U D P RTT + SPT
1 T / T C P 5 1-4 UDP 1/2 RT T 1/2 RT T 600 I n t e r n e t [Paxson 1995b] 30 % U D P ( 30 ) U D P r e c v f r o m RT T RT T [Stevens 1990] 8. 4 U D P 500 U D P ( RT T ) U D P [Patridge 1990b] U D P ( ) T C P
6 TCP U D P T C RT T RT T ( ) ( ) TCP U D P T C P RTT + SPT 2 RTT + SPT( ) T / T C P T C P 1. 4 1.3 TCP T C P 1-5 1-5 TCP 1. T C P 10-17 s o c k e t T C P I n t e r n e t I P c o n n e c t T C P 1 18 T C P 2. 19-22 w r i t e s h u t d o w n ( 2
1 T / T C P 7 1 ) F I N T C P T C P ( h a l f - c l o s e ) 1 18. 5 3. 23-24 r e a d _ s t r e a m 1-6 T C P T C P T C P r e a d T C P F I N r e a d ( 0 ) r e a d _ s t r e a m r e a d r e a d r e a d _ s t r e a m 1-6 r e a d _ s t r e a m T C P I n t e r n e t ( F T P S M T P H T T P N N T P ) ( D N S R P C ) T C P ( F I N ) F T P 1-7 T C P 1-7 TCP
8 TCP 4. T C P 1-7 ( ) 8-17 T C P U D T C P I l i s t e n l i s t e n S O M A X C O N N < s y s / s o c k e t. h > 5 10 ( We b ) 256 1024 14.5 5. 18-28 a c c e p t c o n n e c a c c e p t s o c k f d r e a d _ s t r e a m ( 1-6 ) w r i t e a c c e p t ( ) U n i x a c c e p t U n i f o r k a c c e p t
1 T / T C P 9 ( ) [Stevens 1992] 4 f o r k a c c e p t H T T P 1-8 T C P 1-4 U D ( ) ( ) 1-8 TCP
10 TCP T C P 9 U D P 2 T C P 2 RTT + SPT ( S Y N A C K F I N ) ( F I N ) 1-8 2 RTT + SPT RT T T C P 1-8 T C P F I N ( ) F I N RTT + SPT U D P T / T C P 6. TCP T I M E _ WA I T T C P F I N ( ) T I M E _ WA I T ( M S L ) M S L 120 T I M E _ WAT E 4 T I M E _ WA I T ( I P I 4 ) ( 4 T I M E _ WA I T ) T C P T I M E _ WA I T 60 RFC 1122 [Braden 1989] 240 240 F I N T I M E _ WA I T T C P A C K F I N A C K W W W H T T P ( ) F I N F I N T I M E _ WA I T T I M E _ WA I T T / T C P T I M E _ WA I T 240 12 7. T C P 1-9 1-8 T C P S Y N F I N 1-8 S Y N F I N T C P A P I T C P ( 1-9 ) 9 5 2 RTT + SPT T C P T C P ( 2 27. 9 T C P )
1 T / T C P 11 ( ) ( ) 1-9 T C P S Y N S Y N S Y N S Y N S Y N S Y N RFC 1185 [Jacobson, Braden, and Zhang 1990] T C P
12 TCP T C P S Y N F I N K a m i k a z e ( ) S Y N F I N 5 T I M E _ WA I T ( S M T P ) RFC 1379 [Braden 1992b] K a m i k a z e ( ) T C P S Y N F I N 1-9 8 U n i x e c h o ( 1 1. 12 ) Tc p d u m p 7 ( 4. 4 B S D AIX 3.2.2 BSD/OS 2.0 HP-UX 9.01 IRIX System V. 3 SunOS 4.1.3 System V Release 4.0) (Solaris 2.4) S Y N 7 1-9 F I N e c h o F I N ( 1-9 ) F I N 7 1-9 5 3. 7 T / T C P Tc p d u m p S Y N F I N A C K b u g C L O S E _ WA I T T / T C P 1.4 T/TCP T / T C P T C P T / T C P 1-10 T / T C P 1-10 T/TCP
1 T / T C P 13 1. T C P 1-10 ( ) 10-15 s o c k e t T C P I n t e r n e t I P 2. 17-19 T / T C P c o n n e c t s e n d t o s e n d t o 4 M S G _ E O F 1-5 s h u t d o w n F I N M S G _ E O F T / T C P M S G _ E O R ( O S I ) 1-12 s e n d t o S Y N F I N s e n d t o c o n n e c t w r i t e s h u t d o w n 3. 20-21 r e a d _ s t r e a m T C P 1-11 T / T C P 1-11 T/TCP
14 TCP 1-11 ( ) 1-7 T C P s o c k e t b i n d l i s t e n a c c e p t r e a d _ s t r e a m T / T C P s e n d w r i t e M S G _ E O F F I N 1-12 T / T C P T / T C P U D ( 1-4 ) RTT + SPT T / T C P U D P T C P U D r e a d ( U D P r e c v f r o m ) RT T ( 1. 6 U D P T C P T / T C P - ) T / T C P T C P RT T T / T C P RT T TA O T C P ( T C P Accelerated Open) 4. 5 U D P T / T C 3 T C P 9 ( ) T / T C P T / T C P
1 T / T C P 15 ( ) ( ) 1-12 T/TCP 1.5 1-1 3 l a p t o p b s d i T / T C P 1-13 I P B 140. 252. 0. 0 t u c. n o a o. e d u n o a o t u c Tu c s o n 1.6 1-1 U D P s e n d t o r e c v f r o m
16 TCP Cisco T/TCP BSD/OS 2.0 T/TCP BSD/0S 2.0 140.252.13.0 1-13 I P 140. 252 1-5 T C P c o n n e c t r e a d _ s t r e a m 1-10 T / T C P s e n d t o r e a d _ s t r e a m 1-14 14 1-13 b s d i l a p t o p A T / T C P U D P ( ) T / T C P U D ( A - 8 ) T / T C P r e a d U D P r e c v f r o m T C P T / T C 20 ms T C P S Y N 44 ( 20 I P 20 T C P 4 TCP MSS ) 16 P i n g A - 3 RT T 10 ms 10 ms T C P 6 T C P T / T C P U D P T C P 44 T / T C P T C P RT T S P T
1 T / T C P 17 RT T 3 ms( A - 2 ) 500 ms T C P 506 ms(2 RT T + S P T ) T / T C P 503 ms RT T 2 00 m s ( 14. 4 ) S P T 100 ms T C P T / T C P 500 ms 300 ms T / T C P ( 1-8 1-12 3 9 ) T / T C P I n t e r n e t (ms) 1-14 UDP T / T C P T C P A. 3 RT T RT T T / T C P ( ) T / T C P h t t p : / / w w w. c u p. h p. c o m / n e t p e r f / n e t p e r f p a g e. h t m l 1.7 T / T C P T C P T I M E _ WA I T 4. 4 T / T C P ( 2 ) T C P
18 TCP T / T C P T / T C P T / T C P ( B T / T C P ) 1. WWW W W W H T T P ( 13 ) T / T C P [Mogul 1995b] We b We b ( H T T P ) [Mogul 1995b] 200 000 H T T P 1 770 ( ) M o g u l 150 958 100 ~ 300 H T T P 1-8 T / T C P S Y N We b 2. FTP F T P T / T C P I n t e r n e t [Paxson 1994b] F T P 3 000 1 323 F T P 1-12 T / T C P 8 3 3. ( D N S ) D N S U D P D N S U D P 512 512 t r u n c a t e d ( ) T C P T C P 576 I P ( U D P 512 576 ) T C P T C ( M S S ) T C P D N S T / T C P U D P T C 4. ( R P C ) R P C R P C [Stevens 1994] 29. 2 S u n R P C
1 T / T C P 19 R P C R P C U D P T C P T / T C P T C P 1.8 R P C ( N F S ) T / T C P RFC 938 [Miller 1985] R F C I RT P Internet I RT F ( I P ) I RT F I P 8 RFC 955 [Braden 1985] U D P T C P T C P U D P R F C ( ) ( ) ) ( R F C D N S U D P T C P ( 576 ) T C P R D P RFC 908 [Ve l t e n i n d e n and Sax 1984 ] RFC 1151 [Patridge and Hinden 1990] R D P [Patridge 1987] [Patridge 1990a] R D P U D P R D P T C P R D ( R D P T C P ) R D P ( A P I ) T C R D P (S O C K _ S T R E A M) R D P S O C K _ R D M ( ) S O C K _ S E Q P A C K E T ( ) V M T P RFC 1045 [Cheriton 1998] I RT P R D P V M T P I P V M T P T / T C P ( [Floyd et al. 1995] ) V M T P A P I S O C K _ T R A N S A C T
20 TCP RFC 1045 T / T C P RFC 955 RFC 1379 [Braden 1992b] T / T C P R F C T / T C P RFC 1644 [Braden 1994] 1-15 C U D P ( 2 ) 8 0 0 R D P 2 700 T C P ( 2 ) 4 500 T / T C P T C P 5 700 V M T P 21 000 1-15 T / T C P ( 1200 ) U D P 1. 5 4. 4 B S D 2000 ( ) 1.9 V M T P f t p :// g r e g o r i o. s t a n f o r d. e d u / v m t p - i p R D P T / T C P Bob Braden Liming We i (USC ISI) N S F NCR-8 922 231 SunOS 4.1.3( ) 1994 9 F T P S u n O S 4.1.3 f t p :// f t p. i s i. e d u / p u b / b r a d e n / T T C P. t a r. Z S u n O S Tw e n t e ( ) Andras Olah USC ISI 1995 3 F r e e B S D 2. 0 FreeBSD 2.0 4. 4 B S D - L i t e ( 2 ) 1-16 B S D ( 6 ) (Massachusetts Institute of Te c h n o l o g y ) Garrett Wo l l m a n F r e e B S D h t t p :// w w w. f r e e b s d. o r g F r e e B S D BSD/OS 2.0 ( 4. 4 B S D - L i t e ) b s d i l a p t o p( 1-13 ) T / T C P B S D / O S h t t p :// w w w. n o a o. e d u / ~ r s t e v e n s 1-16 B S D T C P / I P ( Te l n e t F T P ) T / T C P 4. 4 B S D - L i t e N e t / 3 N e t / 3 T / T C P
1 T / T C P 21 TCP/IP TCP BSD 1.0 (1989): Net/1 BSD 2.0 (1991): Net/2 TCP SLIP Net/3 4.4BSD-Lite2(1995) N e t / 3 T / T C P 4. 4 B S D - L i t e 2 1 995 4. 4 B S D - L i t e L i t e L i t e 2 b u g ( 14. 9 ) 3 L i t e B S D / O S F r e e B S D N e t B S D L i t e 3 L i t e 2 Walnut Creek C D R O M L i t e 2 h t t p :// w w w. c d r o m. c o m S u n O S SVR4(System V Release 4) A I X T C P / I P 1.10 1-16 T C P / I P B S D T / T C P U D P T C P T / T C P
22 TCP U D P T C P 9 T / T C P 3 T / T C P U D P 1-14 U D P T / T C P U D T / T C P T C P T / T C P s e n d t o c o n n e c t w r i t e s h u t d o w n 3 T / T C P