1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9
v 21 1-1 (drug) 1. (pharmacology) 2. (pharmacotherapeutics) 3. (pharmaceutics) 4. (dispensing pharmacy) 5. (pharmacokinetics) 6. (pharmacodynamics) 7. (pharmaceutical chemistry) 2
1 8. (pharmacognosy) 9. (toxicology) 1. 365 2. 2200 (The Ebor Papyras) 1500 460~379 (Hippocrate) 131~200 (Claudius Galen) 3. 19 (Morphine) 4. 20 1907 (Erlich) (chemotherapy) 1932 (Domagk) 1928 (Fleming) 5. 21 3
v 1-2 21 1. (1) (alkaloids) (Morphine) (Codeine) (Caffeine) (Cocaine) (Quinine) (Atropine) (2) (glycosides) (glycone) (aglycone) A. (cardiac glycoside) (Digitoxin) B. (saponin glycoside) (Glycyrrhiza) (Polygala) C. (anthraquinone) (Rhubarb) (Senna) (3) (tannins) (4) (lipid) A. (fixed oil) (castor oil) 4
1 B. (volatile oil) (essential oil) (5) (resins) (Benzoin) (Podophyllum) (6) (gums) (Acacia) (Tragacanth) (Agar) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. DNA (insulin) (growth hormone, GH) (t-pa) (interferons) (erythropoietin, EPO) DNA 1. 2. 3. 5
v 4. B 5. X 1. (poisons) (potent drugs) (narcotics) (Digitoxin) (Phenobarbital) (Morphine) 2. 1-3 (pharmacopeia) (official drugs) 1. (The Chinese Pharmacopeia, CH. P.) 1930 1 (CH. P. ) 1959 2 (CH. P. ) 1980 3 (CH. P. ) 1995 4 1998 4 2000 5 2006 6 2011 7 2. (The United States Pharmacopeia, U.S.P.) 1 1820 5 1999 24 19 (National Formulary, N.F.) U.S.P. 3. (British Pharmacopeia, B.P.) 1998 15 (British Pharmaceutical Codex, B.P.C.) 6
1 4. (Japanese Pharmacopeia, J.P.) 1996 13 5. (Pharmacopeia Internationalis, Ph.I.) (W.H.O.) 1998 5 6. (P.R.O.C. Pharmacopeia) 1995 5 1. (generic or official name) diazepam sildenafil orlistat fluoxetine 2. (brand or proprietary name) Valium diazepam Viagra sildenafil Prozac fluoxetine 3. (chemical name) Aspirin acetylsalicylic acid 4. (code name) RU-486 mifepristone 1-4 7
v 1=10 deci(d)=10 centi(c)=10 milli(m)=10 micro( )=10 nano(n)=10 pico(p)=10 dika(da)=10 hecto(h)=10 kilo(k)=10 mega(m)=10 giga(g)=10 tera(t)=10 1. (gram, g) 1-1 1-1 kilogram(kg) 10 3 g hectogram(hg) 10 2 g dekagram(dg) 10 1 g gram(g) 1g decigram(dg) 10-1 g centigram(cg) 10-2 g milligram(mg) 10-3 g microgram( g) 10-6 g nanogram(ng) 10-9 g 2. (liter, L) 1-2 1-2 kiloliter(kl) 10 3 L hectoliter(hl) 10 2 L dekaliter(dl) 10 1 L liter(l) 1L deciliter(dl) 10-1 L centiliter(cl) 10-2 L milliliter(ml) 10-3 L microliter( L 10-6 L 8
1 1. 1 (pounds, 1b) 12 (ounces, oz)=96 (drams, dr)=288 (scruples, sc)=5760 (grains, gr) 2. 1 (gallons, gal)=4 (quarts, qt)=8 (pints, pt)=128 (fluid ounces, fl.oz.)=1024 (fluid drams, fl.dr.)=61440 (minims, m) 3. (1) A. 1 2.2 1 15.43 ( 15gr) 1 31.1 B. 1 (1L) 454 1 28.35 (2) 1 (gal)=3.785 =4.546 1 (fl.oz.)=29.57 (ml) =28.41 (ml) 3mm 15 20 1g 1mL 1gm 1mL 20 52 27 1gm 20 69 22 (ml) 20% 1 (teaspoonful) 5mL 1 (dessertspoonful) 10mL 1 (tablespoonful) 15mL 1 (wineglassful) 60mL 1 (teacupful) 120mL 1 (glassful) 240mL 9
v 1-5 (ph) 0.9% (solubility) 25 1g 1mL ml 1. <1mL 2. 1~10mL 3. 10~30mL 4. 30~100mL 5. 100~1000mL 6. >1000mL 7. >10000mL 1. W/V V/V W/W V W 1:100(W/V) 1g 100mL 2. (%) %W/V %V/V %W/W 1%(W/V) 100mL 1 70%(V/V) 100mL 70mL 10
1 3. (unit) ml ( ) g ml (ml) g ml (ml) ( ) 1 (gm) 0.001 (kg) 1000 (mg) 10 (μg) 1 ( ) 100 (cl) 1000 (ml; c.c.) 1:20 %? 1:20=X% 1:20=X:100 20X=100 X=5(%) 1:20 5% ( ) 1. 500mL 0.9%(W/V) (g) 0.9%(W/V)=0.9g/100mL = =0.9g/100mL 500mL=4.5g 4.5g 500mL 2. (1) 1 75%(V/V) 1000mL 95%(V/V) ml? = 75 ml/100ml 1000mL = 95mL/100mL XmL X = 790mL 790mL 95%(V/V) 1000mL 11
v (2) 2 8%(W/V) 100mL 80%(W/V) ml 8g/100mL 100mL=80g/100mL XmL X=10mL 10mL 80%(W/V) 100mL ( ) 50kg 1mL 100 (Unit; U) 5U/kg ml 50kg 5U/kg=250U = =250U/100(U/mL)=2.5mL ( ) (IV set) 10 12 15 20 50 60 ml 1. 1 N.S. 2000mL IV 24 IV set 20 [2000mL 20 24 60 ] 2000 20 24 60 28 2. 2 IV 50% glucose 2000mL 40 (IV set 20gtt/mL) [2000mL 20(gtt/mL)] 40gtt/min 1000 16.7 12
1 1-6 ( ) 1. (tablets) (1) (enteric coated, EC) (2) (layered tablets) (3) (4) (5) (lozenges) 2. (capsules) Vit. E No.5 No.000 3. (powders) ( ) 1. (syrups) 2. (solution) 3. (emulsions) 4. (suspensions) 13
v 5. (gels) (magmas) 6. (fluid extracts) (extracts) 1mL 1g 7. (spirits) (elixirs) (tinctures) 8. (enemas) 1. (injections) (ampule) (vial) (1) ph (2) (3) 2. (1) (ointments) (2) (lotions) (Calamine Lotions) (3) (liniments) (4) (aerosols) 1. (inhalants) 2. (suppositories) 14
1 3. 1. (transdermal therapeutical system, TTS) 2. (Intradermal implants) 1. 2. 3. 4. Alendronate 1-7 prescription order) 3 3 5 15
v 1. 2. 3. R/ Recipe 4. 5. M.Ft.3 3 2 6. Sig. 7. 8. 1-3 (over the counter drugs, OTC) 16
1 1-3 a.c. aa p.c. ad h.s. aq. i.c. q.s. a.h. 1 tab. t.i.d 3 syrup. b.i.d. 2 caps. q.d. nebul. q.1(2,3)h. 1(2,3) en. q.i.d. 4 tinct. stat.(st) ung p.r.n. supp. S.O.S. lot. non rep.;n.r. cito disp. a.u. conc. a.d. d.t.d. a.s. dil. o.u. div. o.d. ft. o.s. gtt. p.r. M p.o. M. dict IV ut dict(ud) IM Sig.(S) 17
v 1-8 (incompatibility) ( ) (drug interaction) 1. 2. Quinolone 3. Quinolone 4. Ca Nifedipine H 1 Terfenadine Astemizole 5. (tyramine) MAOI isocarboxazid tranylcypromine 6. Vit. K Vit. K Warfarin ( ) ( ) 18
1 1. ph 2. 3. Aspirin 4. NaHCO 3 CO 2 5. (Expiractory date, Exp date) 1. (1) 15~30 (2) 8~15 (3) 2~8 (4) 20~ 10 2. B 2 B 6 B 12 Sodium nitroprusside C E 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) A. (ampulus) B. (vials) 19
v C. (cartridges) 1-9 ( ) 1. (in vitro) (in vivo) 2. 3. 4. 5. ( ) 1. 10 2. (placebo) (double-blind) 20