253 1 9 8 8
254
255 An Exploration into the Banning of Non-Nationalist Political Magazines of Taiwan in Late Early 1980s Abstract Ching-fen Lin * In the 1980s, the laws related to the publication of magazines and freedom of speech were the Constitution, the Martial Law, the Publication Law, and The Regulations on Publishing during the Period in which the Martial Law is enforced in Taiwan, and the institutions responsible for the regulation of publications were Government Information Office, Head Office of Garrison Command, and Provincial and City Governments. There were many reasons for the non-nationalist magazines to emerge. For one thing, they were less expensive to publish. For another, they were more flexible, more a daptable to varying scree ning measures. Furthermore, the physical fe atures of the magazines, e.g., the protective covers and durable paper, enabled them to circulate among the underground readers. Besides, the political situations of the 1980s made it possible for the magazines to be the only mass medium in publicizing the opposing political views. As the Nationa l Government then prohibited the issuance of new newspapers, and as newspapers were often restrained in phrasing opposing ideas, the magazines became the only means for those who wished to express something different from the Nationalist Party. Although to run a magazine of the kind was not without difficulties, it was not impossible. Besides, it had more freedom on speech without being directly interfered by the government. The mass media in Taiwan had long been strictly monitored by the Nationalist (kuomintang) Party as well as rigorous laws. The authority used the laws to sanction improper publications. The media must follow the Party s rules in deciding their contents and other activities. By 1988, the publication of newspapers was largely restricted, but the issuance of weekly and monthly magazines began to popularize among the opposing * Associate Researcher, Academia Historica
256 parties. They became the major means for the opposing parties to express their opinions as well as for making a living. They daringly broke the rules and seriously attacked the privacies of political celebrities. The freedom of speech demonstrated by those magazines often transgressed the limits set by the National Government, and as a result were often banned or confiscated. In the early 1980s, the National Government had many reasons for banning or confiscating the magazines, but they were seldom known by the public. Besides, there were no standards for the banning. This was considered as a form of suppressing the freedom of speech, and had thus damaged the image of the nation. Key words: non-nationalist Political Magazines, the Martial Law, Freedom of Speech, the Banning of Publications, Head Office of Garrison Command
257 * ** 1 2 * 2001 9 30 2001 12 16 ** 1 75 1 15 2 1 2 7 2 7 10 17-20
258 1 9 8 0 6 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 6 3 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 6 4 3 9 7 6 1 35-36 4 85 4 201-203
259 5 11 6 7 1 9 7 9 1 2 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 1 8 5 62 193 6 2 3 11 2 9 8 61 6 0 3 3 11 7 7 5 6 2 8 72 6 5
260 Daniel K. Berman 9 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 5 1 9 7 5 1 9 7 8 3 11 9 7 9 2 2 8 1 9 7 8 1 9 7 9 2 1 9 7 8 4. 5 % 1 9 7 9 3 10 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 0 1, 9 8 2 2, 2 4 4 1 9 8 2 4 3 4 3 4 7 8 7 2, 3 3 1 9 Daniel K. Berman 84 3 288 10 80 372
261 1 9 8 3 4 5 9 2 4 7 2 1 2 2, 5 4 3 1 9 8 4 1 6 5 2, 3 7 8 1 9 8 5 4 9 1 2 0. 6 5 % 2, 8 6 9 1 9 8 6 338 2,531 11 1 9 8 4 12 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 0 13 11 372-373 12 1 73 4 3 11-17 13 Hung-mao Ti e n, The Great Transition: Political and Social Change in the Republic of C hina S ta nford: Hoover Institution Press,1989, p. 201.
262 1 9 7 5 1 9 8 4 1 9 7 5 1 9 8 5 1 4 1 9 8 2 2 15 14 21 15 11 6 7 1 2 10
263 16 80% 1 9 8 3 58 16 8 7 2 5 10 10-12
264 1 21 5 1 13 5 1 24 5 1 7 5 1 17 5 5 6 5 5 34 5 5 8 5 10 5 10 7 5 12 11 5 15 82 5 15 14 5 15 8 5 16 4 5 4 8 5 19 5 5 20 2 5 20 9 5 25 9 5 26 8 7 2 5 1 0 1 9 8 2 2
265 2 18,000 20,000 16,000 18,000 14,000 16,000 10,000 12,000 9,000 11,000 8,000 9,000 4,000 5,000 3,000 4,000 3,000 3,500 2,000 3,000 2,000 2,500 1,500 2,000 1,000 1,500 800 1,000 500 800 116 71 2 12-13 1 9831 4 1 9 15 8 17 1 980 1 985 1980 2 4 17 8 10-12
266 7 9 11 1 9 8 0 18 1 9 8 1 2 2 4 7 9 1 0 1 0 10 1 9 8 2 4 7 8 9 1 2 9 2 4 1983 1 9 8 3 2 3 3 4 1 9 1 9 8 3 8 6 8 1 3 2 2 1 9 8 48 10 10 1 9 8 4 2 1 4 6 3 1 1 5 3 6 18 7 0-71
267 6 1 2 4 9 1 9 8 5 1 8 6 1 5 9 1 2 3 1 6 1 9 8 4 11 1 2 7 7 3 19 1 9 8 4 1984 8 5 1 9 8 54 4 7 1 5 20 19 49 73 10 25 20 7 2 7 4 1 2 8 2 2
268 11 21 2 3 2 2 2 3 1 9 3 4 11 2 9 2 3 1 9 4 8 2 1 8 5 1 2 3 11 22 3 23 2 3 2 3 11 2 9 8 6 1 6 0 3 4 2 3 11 2 9 86 1603 1-3
269 2 4 1 9 4 9 2 5 1 9 4 8 1 2 1 0 2 6 1 9 4 9 5 1 9 2 7 11 2 9 4 5 1 9 5 0 3 1 4 56 2 8 1 2 2 8 1 9 5 0 1 29 1948 7 30 11 2 4 3 7 5 1 9 2 2 23 1 3 7 1 3 7 5 1 9 222 3137 1-3 2 5 3 8 1 1 4 2 0 3 3 8 1 1 4 1 3 8 1 14 203 38 1 14 2 6 3 7 1 2 1 0 1 7 5 3 7 1 2 11 1 27 3 8 5 20 1 2 8 3 9 8 9 1 2 49-51 29 3 9 1 6 39 5 30 37 5 19 222 3137 2
270 31 1 9 4 9 11 1 9 3 0 1 2 1 6 1 9 9 8 1 9 5 8 1 9 7 3 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 1 1 2 1 2 5 32 1 7 33 5 3 2 31 37 5 19 222 3137 2-3 32 88 6 29-36 3 3 71 6 2 7
271 34 6 4 0 35 1 0 36 1 7 37 4 1 34 6 3 2 35 7 4 0 36 3 1 0 37 4 1 7
272 38 1 9 4 9 5 2 7 1 9 7 0 5 5 5 9 3 8 5 8 1 9 7 0 5 2 2 5 9 1 6 3 3 39 2 40 3 41 8 42 3 8 7-8 4 1 39 111 40 111 2 41 111 3 42 112 8
273 1 9 4 2 3 2 9 5 5 2 2 43 2 3 44 4 5 4 6 1 9 4 9 6 2 1 1 9 5 8 7 2 6 4 7 6 9 4 7 7 61 9 8 1 1 8 7 0 11 0 2 9 0 61 9 8 1 1 7 7 0 0 0 0 2 4 7 1 9 8 0 1 2 9 6 95 2 0 1 7 4 8 7 4 3 107 44 107 45 107 46 107 4 7 1 0 7-108 48 123-125
274 49 11 5 0 5 1 52 1 9 5 7 9 0 4 9 5 3 5 4 49 7 2 50 37 5 19 222 3137 2-3 5 1 5 70 4 16 2 5 2 6 7 0 5 1 1-2 53 46 9 049 1 54 15
275 55 56 1. 11 1 9 5 0 3 9 1 3 2 1 9 5 3 1 9 5 3 7 2 7 4 3 3 0 1 9 5 1 7 57 2. 1 9 5 2 1 9 5 2 4 2 8 58 3. 1 9 5 2 8 59 4 7 0 1 6 3 0 3 1 9 0 4 9 8 55 19 56 26 57 5 6 58 6 59 6
276 4 7 3 4 0 3 3 4 0 4 1 9 5 8 7 1 60 1 9 7 8 7 1 7 5 61 62 60 7 1 6 107-109 61 3382 67 7 17 3 72 6 43 62 22 73 7 10 17-18
277 63 64 1 9 8 4 2 2 1 2 7 3 0 7 0 8 2 1 9 8 2 1 0 1 63 Daniel K. Berman 240-241 6 4 41 73 8 1 4-5
278 65 1 9 8 1 1 3 0 7 0 0 7 6 5 2 2 1 66 2 5 67 65 5 3 7 1 1 0 43-44 6 6 91 6 7 93
279 68 1 9 5 0 1 9 8 1 1 4 1 69 142 70 7 1. 1 9 4 7 2 5 1 6 8 21 68 Andrew Ta n z e r "Muzzling the Wa t c h d o g s " 5 1 7 2 6 31 69 Hung-mao Ti e n, The Great Transition: Political and Social Change in the Republic of China, p. 208. 70 3 4 72 10 9
280 71 2. 1 9 6 0 7 1 1 9 6 2 1 9 6 7 7 1 72 2 3 1 9 8 4 7 1 7 71 182 72 184
281 73 3. 1 9 7 9 7 1 74 4 0 75 1 0 73 73 7 31 74 186 7 5 7 4 0
282 7 6 1 7 77 78 2 2 1 9 8 3 3 6 1 9 8 3 4 1 0 3 2 1 9 8 3 3 3 1 9 8 3 4 1 4 1 9 8 0 7 6 3 1 0 7 7 4 1 7 78 2 2 72 5 18
283 1 9 8 3 5 6 6 2 5 1983 5 1 9 8 3 42 2 3 2 79 8 0 1 9 8 1 79 19 80
284 3 1981 A 1 7 1 9 8 1. 1 1 9 8 1. 1. 2 9 0 4 2 8 5 6 1 1 9 8 1. 2 1 9 8 1. 3. 1 0 0 9 2 8 3 6 8 1 9 8 1. 1 0 1 9 8 1. 1 0. 2 2 4 3 3 7 6 1 1 9 8 1. 4 1 9 8 1. 4. 1 8 1 4 5 0 6 2 4 1 9 8 1. 4 1 9 8 1. 4. 1 7 1 4 0 3 6 3 1 9 8 1. 7 1 9 8 1. 8. 1 7 3 2 1 3 6 7 5 1 9 8 1. 1 1 9 8 1. 1. 1 2 4 6 6 4 1 1 9 8 1. 1 0 1 9 8 1. 1 0. 1 2 4 1 6 0 6 7 1 1 9 8 1. 1 1 9 8 1. 1. 5 4 5 2 3 6 7 1 9 0 1 9 8 1. 1 1 9 8 1. 1. 1 0 4 6 5 1 2 1 9 8 1. 1 0 1 9 8 1. 1 0. 2 8 4 4 2 3 3 1 9 8 1. 1 1 9 8 1. 1. 5 4 5 2 3 6 7 B. 1981 2 17 1981 4 1 1981 5 24 1981 3 9 11 1981 11 1 1981 11 3 2 3 1 9 8 2 2 74 1 9 8 4 1 1 9 8 3 81 81 2 7 3 1 2 1 31-32
285 4 1983 A. 22 1983 1 10 1983 1 12 28 1983 2 24 22 1983 3 1 1983 3 4 32 1983 3 14 6 1983 4 9 3 1983 4 14 1983 4 13 12 1983 4 15 5 1983 5 21 9 1983 5 28 238 1983 5 1 1983 6 1 18 1983 6 9 14 1983 6 10 1983 6 13 15 1983 7 5 17 1983 7 20 20 1983 8 5 8 1983 8 22 4 1983 8 31 15 1983 9 16 8 1983 10 3 10 1983 10 21 1 1983 10 28 23 1983 11 4 10 1983 11 7 45 1983 11 1 21 1983 12 28 B. 1983 1 4 2 2 4 1983 1 1 1983 3 28 7 3 5 6 1 0 11 18 28
286 1983 4 32 2 1983 7 15 5 7 8 9 1 2 1 4 1983 8 18 3 3 1 5 1 7 1983 11 10 3 5 8 1 0 1984 1 22 2 4 2 1 2 1 984 1 21 31-32 1 9 8 3 82 1980 1983 5 A 1 4 1979 7 4 1979 10 2 1980 3 11 1980 5 870 1980 5 19 1980 6 208 1980 8 1980 8 1980 11 11 1980 11 17 1981 1 82 1 0 7 2 6 1 0 5-7
287 1981 2 1981 4 24 1981 4 3 1981 7 8 1981 10 5 1981 11 1981 10 1981 9 2 1981 10 1981 11 190 1981 11 3 1981 11 23 1982 2 6 1982 2 6 1982 4 10 1982 5 11 1982 6 12 1982 6 6 1982 6 15 1982 6 16 1982 7 12 11 1982 6 1982 7 17 1982 8 2 7 1982 10 7 40 11 1982 11 8 1982 11 9 4 22 1983 1 28 22 1983 3
288 32 6 3 1983 4 12 1 1983 2 1 B. 1983 3 1980 12 4 1980 127 1980 122 1980 42 1980 81 1980 812 1980 91 1980 111 1981 217 1981 3 11 1981 5 1981 41 1981 111 1981 113 1982 66 1982 712 1982 1140 1983 14 1983 11 1983 328
289 1983 4 3 1984 4 2 32 1 0 1983 6 10 5-7 1 980 8 2 1 5 83 8 1 983 8 2 1 84 1 981 4 85 2 86 1981 9 1 0 1 2 1 983 7 1 0 1 4 1 983 8 10 87 83 1 9 72 9 1 84 1 9 1 8 5 6 7 0 5 1 1 70 4 86 5 3 7 1 1 0 4 3-44 87 3 7 3 1 28 28-29
290 1 9 8 3 2 2 5 2 8 2 28 2 1 9 8 4 2 2 1 8 8 4 1 9 8 4 5 3 1 2 8 9 2 88 1 4 9 0 7 9 1 7 8 9 2 1 0 1 9 8 4 5 3 1 9 3 1 9 8 4 5 1 4 9 4 1 0 9 5 1 9 1 9 8 4 96 1 20 3 88 7 73 3 3 36 8 9 11 7 3 5 2 6 46 90 K 72 3 14 36 91 8 73 3 10 92 1 73 3 17 93 11 46 94 11 46 95 11 46 96 3 28
291 1.1 9 8 3 3 3 2 4 3 9 7 3 2 98 99 4 1 9 8 4 5 3 97 2 2 7 2 5 1 7-1 8 1 9 7 9 1 2 2 1 7 1 2 1 0 98 3 72 4 14 19 99 5 7 2 4 1 28-29
292 1 2 1 0 0 5 6 1 0 1 1 9 8 4 7 11 8 102 1984 7 15 3 6 1 9 8 6 5 1 0 103 2. 2 2 1 9 8 3 3 104 4 1 9 8 4 1 0 1 105 1 8 1 9 8 5 6 68 1 0 1 0 6 100 11 46 101 6 1984 7 16 44 1 0 2 4 0 7 3 7 1 5 1 0 3 3 6 7 5 5 1 0 2 104 72 3 18 22 1 0 5 7 3 1 0 1 8 50 106 1 8 1 9 8 5 6 6 1 0-2 0 1 8 1985 6 6 14-16
293 107 3.1 9 8 0 7 1 9 8 0 8 1 5 3 4 1 2 0 1 0 8 1 9 8 0 8 1 4 6 9 1 0 6 8 8 4 0 1 2 109 1 5 1 9 8 3 9 1 5 11 0 111 1 9 1 9 8 4 1 2 0 3 112 4. 7 81 9 8 4 3 3 3 1 0 107 1 74 8 10 1 1 0 8 4 0 109 2 2 70 2 67 110 1 5 1 9 8 3 9 15 39-50 111 5 5 7 2 1 0 10 112 3 28
294 11 3 1 0 1 9 8 4 5 31 0 114 5. 2 3 1 9 8 2 2 1 6 115 116 2 1 9 8 4 2 2 1 11 7 7 3 0 7 0 8 118 2 4 2 113 1 73 3 17 114 1 0 1 9 8 4 5 2 2-2 5 2 6-2 7 3 8-4 011 46 115 2 3 7 1 2 1 6 1 8-2 2 2 3 7 1 2 16 23-25 116 25 71 3 16 4 117 7 73 3 3 36 118 7 73 3 3 36
295 11 1 3 2 0 2 3 5 11 9 211 120 13 1 9 8 4 6 2 7 7 3 2 5 7 1 2 0 1 9 8 4 6 1 2 1 1 9 8 4 7 1 3 6 0 6 9 122 2 3 1 9 8 4 7 1 7 7 2 1 2 0 1 2 3 124 119 73 7 31 1 2 0 8 1 9 8 4 7 3 0 37 121 21 73 7 3 1 122 2 73 8 7 12 1 2 3 2 4 7 3 7 2 4 1 124 1
296 125 5 1 9 8 4 8 2 8 6. 1 0 1 0 126 7. 1 9 8 0 8 2 1 1 9 8 3 5 5 3 6 78 127 8 1 9 8 3 8 2 1 128 8. 2 1 9 8 2 1 0 1 129 9. 1 9 8 4 5 1 4 125 73 8 27 35 126 11 46 127 5 1 72 6 7 128 1 9 1 129 2 1982 10 1
297 130 1 0. 6 1 9 8 2 4 131 11. 1 9 8 1 4 8 132 1 2. 1 9 8 4 7 2 3 7 1 2 6 7 133 1 3. 8 130 11 46 131 2 6 71 5 10 1 3 2 6 7 0 5 1 1-2 1 3 3 8 1 9 8 4 7 3 0 37
298 1 0 1 1 9 8 4 1 0 6 8 134 1 4. 1 2 1 9 8 3 1 1 2 1 4 1 9 8 3 1 1 9 1 4 1 2 135 2 8 7 4 1 7 6 1 2 1 2 2 8 1 6 2 3 1 3 4 1 9 7 3 1 0 1 8 50 135 3 28-29
299 136 7 11 136 72 3 14 36-37
300 137 11 1 3 138 3 4 11 139 6 7 37 140 1 3 7 5 70 4 16 2 138 72 12 302-304 139 3 4 11 140 Daniel K. Berman 240
301 11 2 3 141 1 4 2 143 2 144 1 9 8 2 141 3 8 5 20 1 142 72 12 12 1 4 3 5 70 4 16 2 144 5 3 7 1 1 0 44
302 145 1 4 6 147 1 4 8 149 1 5 0 1 5 1 1 5 2 145 7 1 3 2 4 71 5 24 146 272 147 3 4 7 2 1 0 9-13 148 7 3 7 12 149 1 4 72 4 3 150 3 9 71 10 16 9 1 5 1 1 7 3 8 15 1 152 19
303 153 1 5 4 2 2 155 1 9 8 2 1 02 2 156 1 9 8 2 1 0 153 2 7 3 8 7 1 154 3 9 7 1 1 0 1 6 37 155 72 3 18 22 156 1 6 71 11 16-18
304 1 5 7 3 9 1 9 8 2 1 0 1 6 158 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 3 4 3 157 2 7 1 982 1 0 2-3 158 3 9 7 1 1 0 16
305 3 1 9 8 2 1 5 9 160 1 6 1 162 4 0 163 1 9 8 3 4 3 3 2 1 9 8 3 3 1 5 1 6 4 159 2 1 7 2 4 43 160 1 5 72 5 20 161 3 162 1 5 20 163 21 43 164 3 2 1 9 8 3 3 1 5 11 1 83 2 1 9 8 3 3 15 19-23
306 165 7 1984 3 3 166 1 9 8 4 1 0 2 0 7 5, 2 5 0 167 168 1 9 8 0 8 2 1 169 165 3 72 4 15 19 166 8 73 3 10 167 21 73 38 168 1 4 2-3 169 1 9 1
307 170 171 2 1 7 2 2 170 7 171 2 30-32 172 5 3 7 1 1 0 45
308 173 174 175 173 5 3 43-44 174 11 6 7 1 2 10 175 8 10-12
309
310 1 7 6 177 178 1 7 9 1 8 0 1 9 8 4 5 1 4 2 7 6 1 8 1 1 9 8 1 1 6 3 2 5 7 8 6 0 4 5 1 4 9 9 105 182 183 176 1 4 2 177 1 5 6 5 74 5 3 1 178 1 3 7 2 3 24 179 1 4 2 180 1 4 2 181 11 46 1 8 2 6 7 0 5 1 2 183 Carl Goldstein, Publish at Your Peril, Far Eastern Economic Review, 26 December 1985, pp. 30-31.
311 1 8 4 185 1 186 2 4 187 184 1 73 8 15 185 1 3 25 186 1 1 8 7 2 4 7 2 4 5
312 1 8 8 189 2 2 3 2 190 188 41 73 8 11 1 189 88 11 277-278 190 2 4 5
313 191 1 9 8 3 8 6 1 9 192 1 9 8 4 7 3 1 193 191 Daniel K. Berman 309 192 Daniel K. Berman 317 193 73 7 31 2
314 194 195 1 9 4 2 5 74 5 24 23-26 195 5 7 3 9 1 7 7 8 11 1 4 2 1984 8 12
315 196 1 9 8 8 1 9 7 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 6 198 196 Daniel K. Berman 288-290 197 69 198 2 9 7 6 3 2 8 2 0 International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, Taiwan Communique 29, March 28, 1987, p. 20.
316 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 16 19 27 33 211 275 302 9 13 23 26 176 260 295 7 6 4 7 35 15 7 1 9 8 0 9 1 9 8 6 2 9 51 9 8 4 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 5 3 5 % 1 5 %7 % 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 5 4 25 199 200 199 7 0 International Committee for Human Rights in Ta i w a n, Taiwan Communique 29, March 28, 1987, p. 19. 2 0 0 2 74 8 17 19
317 46 9 049 70 9 71 6 72 6 2 3 11 2 9 8 61 6 0 3 3 7 5 1 92 2 2 3 1 3 7 3 8 1 1 4 2 0 3 38 1 14 73 7 31 72 12 12 71 3 24 5 24 38 5 20 3 9 1 6 39 5
318 Daniel K. Berman 84 3 72 62 89 12 Hung-mao Tien, The Great Transition: Political and Social Change in the Republic of China, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1989. 1 7 4 8 1 0 7 73 3 3 2 74 8 17 4 0 7 3 7 15 21 73 11 7 3 5 26 5 1 72 6 5 5 72 10 3 6 7 5 5
319 10 1 5 65 74 5 3 6 70 5 1 3 9 71 10 16 5 70 4 16 1 4 72 4 2 7 7 1 10 2 6 71 5 25 74 5 24 2 5 71 3 16 2 4 7 3 7 24 2 1 7 3 7 3 1 9 72 9 41 73 8 1 1 73 3 17 8 73 3 10 41 73 8 11
320 73 8 15 1 3 4 7 2 10 2 4 7 2 4 5 5 7 2 1 0 2 5 74 5 24 6 1984 7 16 3 1 71 6 26 75 2 28 7 3 8 2 7 7 3 1 0 1 8 9 7 2 6 1 7 73 3 3 6 7 7 3 7 5 8 72 5 10 5 5 72 10 1 73 8 15
321 2 71 10 1 2 3 7 1 2 16 K 72 3 14 2 2 7 3 7 10 75 6 1 0 71 5 25 1 0 7 2 6 10 72 3 14 3 72 4 14 Andrew Ta n z e r Muzzling the Wa t c h d o g s 5 1 72 6 2 1 7 2 4 22 72 5 2 7 3 8 7 8 72 5 10
322 73 7 12 1 73 4 3 5 7 3 9 1 7 7 8 11 1 5 72 5 22 73 7 10 11 71 6 71 6 1 5 1983 9 15 3 2 7 2 3 15 2 2 7 0 2 80 39 71 10 16 5 72 4 1 5 3
323 71 10 3 4 7 2 1 0 88 11 22 72 5 85 4 3 9 7 1 10 16 1 2 72 7 10 9 7 6 1 1 0 7 3 5 2 9 7 1 5 16 72 6 1 3 7 2 3 1 8 74 6 6 72 3 18
324 2 8 7 5 3 1 5 76 3 73 1 28 75 1 5 70 4 16 3 2 7 2 3 15 11 6 7 1 2 116 71 2 73 7 31 1 8 74 6 6 2 7 3 1 21 2 73 8 7 16 71 11 88 6
325 3 9 7 1 10 16 Carl Goldstein, Publish at Your Peril, Far Eastern Economic Review, 26 December, 1985.