12 36 2012 12 1671 1815 2012 36-9805-06 Science Technology and Engineering Vol. 12 No. 36 Dec. 2012 2012 Sci. Tech. Engrg. 王 1 佳 1 刘 寿 东 2 刘 爱 霞 黄 2 鹤 - 1 210044 2 300061 2008 3 2011 2 5 12 RH P182. 28 A 1 21 116. 72 118. 07 38. 57 40. 25 16 2 6 7 8 1 9 39 Collares-Pereira&Rabl ARMA 04' 117 12' 2. 2 m ARIMA 54517 BP DRWBPN Kipp&Zonen CNR 1 10 15 Belfort MODEL6000 24 h 1 min 2012 8 15 GYHY201106001 Email wangjia_qixiang@ 126. com
9806 12 Q VIS T RH 20 km 40 100% 17 2 Q /Q 0 Q 0 2. 1 1 2008 2011 1 6 18 x = 2π D - 1 365 d m = 1. 000 109 + 0. 033 494cosx + 0. 001 472sinx + 0. 000 768cos2x + 1 0. 000 079sin2x 2 δ = 0. 006 894-0. 399 512cosx + 0. 072 075sinx - 0. 007 99cos2x + 0. 000 896sin2x - 0. 002 689cos3x + 0. 001 516sin3x 3 η = 0. 000 043 + 0. 002 06cosx - ω = π 12 0. 032 04sinx - 0. 014 974cos2x - 0. 040 685sin2x 4 ( ) - 11. 2 + 229. 183η h - 0. 5 + - 12 60 5 Q 0 = I 0 d 2 m sinφsinδ + cosφcosδcosω 6 1 6 I 0 1 367 W / m 2 d m d m φ δ ω h η D 1 1 D = 1 30 min Q /Q 0 0. 015 19 21 Q /Q 0 0. 015 1 7 A = a a max 7 7 a a max 6 19 269. 36 W /m 2 5 373. 22 ± 126. 38 W /m 2 12 156. 54 ± 52. 33 W /m 2 2 12 12 623. 73 W /m 2 1. 08 1. 33 1. 67 2. 2 VIS T RH
36 9807 Q /Q 0 = 0. 573-0. 589RH + 0. 249T 0. 828 2 Q /Q 0 = 0. 649-0. 788RH + 0. 352T 0. 864 Q /Q 0 1 Q /Q 0 = 0. 718-0. 729RH + 0. 863 0. 241T - 0. 071VIS Q /Q 0 = 0. 587-0. 513RH + 0. 276T 0. 869 1 Q /Q 0 VIS T RH 0. 354 ** 0. 274 ** - 0. 613 ** 0. 347 ** 0. 487 ** - 0. 681 ** 0. 372 ** 0. 542 ** - 0. 683 ** 0. 334 ** 0. 310 ** - 0. 657 ** 0. 354 ** 0. 278 ** - 0. 623 ** ** α = 0. 001 2. 4 1 Q /Q 0 0. 01 Q /Q 0 VIS T K s Q P RH Q 0 Q /Q 0 RH 2010 3 2011 2-0. 6-0. 683 K 23 s 4 22 K s 0. 6 0. 4 K s < 0. 6 0. 1 2008 3 2010 2 6 19 2 2010 3 2011 R 0. 854 R 0. 828 0. 864 0. 863 0. 869 R Q /Q 0 MBE 2 18. 50% 34. 65% 40. 09% 65. 39% 290. 74% 436. 40% MAPE 2 20% 40% 2 Q /Q 0 R Q /Q 0 = 0. 635-0. 641RH + 0. 226T 0. 854 3a 3d R 2 0. 75 0. 01 K s < 0. 4 K s < 0. 1 3 2. 3 RMSE MBE MABE MAPE RMSE
9808 12 200% 3 a b c d 3 3 12 RMSE /% MBE/ W m 2 h -1 MAPE /% 26. 45-130. 06 22. 24 28. 28-76. 53 21. 81 61. 31 52. 74 44. 72 403. 61 86. 87 294. 43 23. 50-104. 10 18. 43 20. 50-30. 09 15. 65 63. 76 75. 31 46. 66 321. 57 107. 50 260. 18 24. 44-95. 10 18. 90 18. 91-16. 40 14. 36 65. 39 67. 06 48. 60 436. 40 80. 79 349. 71 34. 65-92. 57 26. 82 18. 50-23. 50 14. 19 40. 09 31. 88 32. 37 290. 74 67. 16 244. 48 1 h 2 Q / Q 0 RH Q /Q 0 3 R 4 1 5
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9832 12 Laboratory Study of New Clean Fracturing Fluid for Coal Bed Methane and Field Application LI Ting YANG Qi * FENG Wen-guang ZHANG Qian College of Energy Resources Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P. R. China Abstract In hydraulic fracturing of coal bed methane any compounds that enter into the coal seam would do harm to the coal formation with varying degrees. In addition since the coal formation is soft and frail the coal formation will be broken easily in the process of hydraulic fracturing and the field operation will become more difficult to continue. In order to decrease the harm the possibility of being broken by outside forces on coal bed is reduced and increased fracturing efficiency. One new type of clean fracturing fluid is developed by laboratory experiments and studies in this text. This new type of clean fracturing fluid has the network structure associated with small molecular surfactant placed in some certain solution medium. This new clean fracturing fluid not only can meet the clean requirements but also can do negative harm to the coal seam and improve the permeability of coal formation. These advantageous characters specially belong to this new type of clean fracturing fluid and also are the distinct differences from other clean fracturing fluids. The new fluid has a high anti-swelling rate of 94. 72% and it can solve part of organic materials in coal. This new type of fracturing fluid was applied in 10 wells of coal bed methane and operations succeeded 100% these results show that this fracturing fluid has an excellent effect and a forthcoming applicable future. Key words new type of clean fracturing fluid rheology anti-swelling sand-carrying application 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 檸 ( 上 接 第 9809 页 ) Estimation of Hourly Solar Radiation of Tianjin WANG Jia 1,LIU Shou-dong 1,LIU Ai-xia 2,HUANG He 2 ( Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 1,Nanjing 210044,P. R. China; Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science 2,Tianjin 300061,P. R. China) [Abstract] Based on the solar radiation data and routine meteorological observed data from March 2008 to February 2011 at Tianjin,the variation characteristics of radiation and the relationship with meteorological elements were analyzed. The data from March 2008 to February 2010 were used to build the prediction equation from March 2010 to February 2011,then,compared with the forecast value. The result showed that monthly radiation showed a single peak pattern with the maximum in May,and the minimum in December. The terrestrial radiation showed a significant negative correlation with relative humidity ( RH). The fitting results with season were better than annual fitting effects,except in the spring. However,the seasonal fitting results in different weather type showed different characteristics. [Key words] Hourly solar radiation meteorological elements the prediction equation tianjin