Ξ :,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1 ( ),,,,,,,,, 18,, Ξ 1 private enforcement of law, ;, [] : 18,, 1997,779,,,,,,,,,, [] :,, :,2000,377 ; 2002 2,267,[]:,,2002,359,625, 672 ;,::, (),3 4 (2003 10 ), www. oycf. org/ Perspectives/ Chinese/ Chinese-12-10312003/ 2b-Liang. pdf,2003 12 25 private enforcer,privatization of law enforcement
1968, 2 6 3, ( ),,,;,, 4,,, ( ),, 5,,,,,, ;,,, 6, 7,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 8, 2 Gary S. Becker,Crime and Punishment :An Economic Approach, Journal of Political Economy,Vol. 76 (1968) p. 169 2171 3 Gary S. Becker & George J. Stigler,Law Enforcement, Malfeasance, and Compensation of Enforcers, Journal of Legal Studies,Vol. 3 (1974),p. 11 4 400,Boudewijn Bouckaert & Gerrit De Geest ed., Encyclopedia of Law & Economics,Vol. 5, ( Cheltenham ;Northampton, MA : Edward Elgar,2000),p. 307 344 1,:,22 5,Steven Shavell,Criminal Law and the Optimal Use of Nonmonetary Sanctions as a Deterrent,Columbia Law Review,Vol. 85 (1985),p. 1232 1262 ; Steven Shavell,The Optimal Structure of Law Enforcement, Journal of Law and Economics,Vol. 36 (1993), p. 255 2871 6 (1968 ), :;,, : (1 4),, 1,,383 7 William M. Landes & Richard A. Posner,The Private Enforcement of Law, Journal of Legal Studies,Vol. 4 (1975),p. 1. 8 :,, ;,, (, SEC v. Texas Gulf Sulphur Co.,Supp. 262 [ S. D. N. Y. 1960 ]) ; (, ) ; ( (intervenor) (intervention) ) :, 1,,377 19
2004 1 9 :?,??????,? ( )?,?,,,,,,,,( ) 10, 11, 12 (930 1262 ),,,,,,,,, 13 300,,,,,, 14,( ),,,,, 15 19,, 16 17,, ;,,,, () :, ; ( ), ; 9 Steven Shavell & A. Mitchell Polinsky,The Economic Theory of Public Enforcement of Law, Journal of Economic Literature,Vol. 38 :1 10[]:,, 1997,120 11William Ian Miller, Bloodtaking and Peacemaking : Feud, Law, and Society in Saga Iceland, Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 12 1,:,14 13,359 14David Friedman, Private Creation and Enforcement of Law :A Historical Case,p. 399 4151 15Leon Radzinowicz, A History of English Criminal Law and Its Administration from 1750(1957) ;Margaret Gay Davies, The Enforcement of 16,the Refuse Act of 1899,33 U. S. C 411 (1970) 17Ibid. 20 (Mar 2000), p. 45 761 1990. English Apprenticeship, A Study in Applied Mercantilism, 1563 1642 (1956) 7 William M. Landes & Richard A. Posner Ibid.
,,,( ), :1989,,,,,, 70 %, 5 %,25 %,,,,, 14 300,,,,, 18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ;; ;,,,, ;,,,,, :,, ;,,,,, () 19,,, : ; 20 ; 21 ; 22,,() ; 18 :,,2003 19 7,William M. Landes & Richard A. Posner 20,;, 21, ;, 22, ;, 21
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,,, : ; ; ; ;, :,,, 28 ;,, 29,,,,960,99 %,90 %,,,,, 30,,,: 31,,2002 4 1, 68 10,,45 ;, 10 29, 32,, 2002 11,,,10, 33,,,,,,,,, () 34 :,;,,,, ;, 35,,,,, 28 29,, () 30 31,,,,http :/ / news. 1631com/ editor/ 010525/ 010525-1856641html 2003 11 9 32,http :/ / www. c0071com/ 33, 2002 12 13 342001 12 6,,,,:,,34, 1170,,,,,,,,,2000 9 11,19, 35??, 2002 1 8 23
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,: ;;,,,,,,,,, 69, 70,,,1986 (), 1999, 71,,,,, 72,,,,,, 73, Abstract : The enforcement of the law can be divided into the public enforcement and the private enforcement. On the basis of the economic analysis of the enforcement of the law, we could take the private enforcement of the law, such as the private debt collection, the private detective and the private lynch, as another path of private remedy. The tendency of legal rule reform shall be the enhancement of private enforcement of the law, which should keep balance with the public enforcement of the law and complement each other. Key words : the private enforcement of the law, the economic analysis, private remedy 6936,1959,587 70:,2000,5 71 :,http :/ / www. east - law. com/ taofenluntan/ lun2 tan0011htm 72 73,,, :, 1,,377 502 ; 2002 2,267 29