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瑏 瑣 2006 Romaine 2002 521 瑏 瑤 / + + + + + + + + / + + + + / + + + 2008 3. 2007 瑏 瑥 / / / 404
瑏 瑦 3. 1 20 30 1968 39 瑏 瑧 Feng 1995 瑏 瑨 / 3. 2 214 Victor Shiklovsky habitualizationautomatization 2010 5 405
defamiliarization re-barbarization 瑏 瑩 4. 瑐 瑠 瑐 瑡 / / 20 30 199 / 2005 1982 瑐 瑢 1982 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑣 Romaine 2001 406
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5. 1 2 2005 3 4 5 瑐 瑤 5. 3 Romaine 2001 Qur ān 瑐 瑥 Lanham 1983 163 164 a If the cravings of hunger and thirst are denied satisfaction if a man is kept from food and drink b starvation results finally in mortification and the individual s life is terminated the man starves to deathand there is an end of him c This is a result which arrests the attention of even the least observant mind. as any fool can see d hunger and thirst cannot be neglected with impunity. a man ought to eat and drink. e He still reserves the aspects and notions of a living human being The manworse luckdoes not starve to death f He never attains completeness and health but walks lame to the end of his life g returns imperfect and good for nothing 408
6. grammaticality * * 瑐 瑦 Vσ Vσ 瑐 瑧 Vσσ Vσσ / VV diglossia 瑐 瑨 瑐 瑩 1 2 2010 5 409
3 4 5 1944 6 ± ± + 7 774 835 8 9 10 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 50% 瑏 瑥 / 2010 瑏 瑦 62% 26% 12% 瑏 瑧 52 1996 1991 1-4 瑏 瑨 1984 瑏 瑩 320 Robert Scholes ed. Structuralism in Literature. 1974 83-84 Robert C. Freeman ed. Linguistics and Literary History. 1970 43-44. Wellek and A. WarrenTheory of Literature. 1963 236 瑐 瑠 1999 2003 瑐 瑡 unsayability 瑐 瑢 = 瑐 瑣 2009 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑥 1949 410
1991 瑐 瑦 瑐 瑧 2007 2004 / 瑐 瑨 * * * + N on-going change 2000 瑐 瑩 2000 2007 1949 9 2 1984 2003a 2003b 2 1 2005 1 2006 2008 2 1992 2007 1993 2 2001 2008 1944 3 1 1999 3 2004 Meaning and Form Essays in Pre-Modern Chinese Grammar. ed. Ken-ichi Takashima & Jiang Shaoyu. Lincom Studies in Asian Linguistics 55. Lincom GmbH. 2009 2007 1 2 2010 5 411
1982 1 2010 1991 1993 2010 2000 18 2 2007 2 1939 1 3 2002 1987 1906 9 10 11 1987 5 2007 ChaoYuen-ren 1968 A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. University of California Press. FengShengli 1995 Prosodic Structure and Prosodically Constrained Syntax in Chinese. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania. 2003 Prosodically Constrained Postverbal PPs in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistics 6 1085-1122. RomaineZuzanne. 2001 Multilingualism In The Handbook of Linguistics. ed. Mark Aronoff and Janie Rees-Miller. 2001Blackwell Publishers Ltd. LanhamRichard 1983 Analyzing Prose. Continuum. 100832 2010 6 11-13 50 30 412
ZHONGGUO YUWEN STUDIES OF THE CHINESE LANGUAGE September 2010 Special Issue for the Celebration of the 60 th Anniversary of The Institute of Linguistics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences SHEN JiaxuanDivision of negatives and noun /verb division in English and Chinese The most important division of negatives in English is between the negation of nouns and the negation of verbsbut not between the indicative negation and the non-indicative negationnor between the negation of is and the negation of there is. In Chineseon the contrarythe most important division of negatives is between the indicative negation and the non-indicative negationor between the negation of you there is and the negation of shi is but not between the noun negation and the verb negation. This difference further supports the thesis that while in English nouns and verbs are two separate categories the verbs in Chinese constitute a sub-category in the category of nounsand the noun-verb distinction should not be overemphasized in the study of Chinese grammar. The philosophical background of this difference between English and Chinese is also briefly discussed. Key words negativenounverbenglish-chinese comparison FENG ShengliOn mechanisms of Register System and its grammatical property This article discusses the linguistic nature of register register is a term tentatively used here for the Chinese term yuti and proposes that register should be defined in terms of language communications it is a result of signifying the relationships between speaker and listener when they communicate to each other with languages. It is then argued that a theory of register should be built upon at least two polarized units the formal-informal units and the elegant-casual unitswhich are the basic categories of a register system. It is finally shown that the opposite components in the register system are not only inhered indwelled with their own vocabulary and syntax i. e. the register grammar but also serve as crucial mechanisms for forming different genre and styles in rhetoric and literature i. e. its stylistic function. Key words theory of registerregister grammarregister and genre-styleformal and informaldegree of elegant-formality CHEN ManhuaThe non-cataphoric zero subject clause motivated by background information packaging The non-cataphoric zero subject clause is a non-embedded zero subject clausethe covert logic subject of which is not identical with the overt subject of the main clause. The forming of the structure is motivated by the background information packagingwhich leads to a series of syntactic effects. The primary one is that the verb in the structure tends to be a non-finite one. The degrading of the structure is fulfilled by syntactic means. It shows that the non-cataphoric zero subject clause in Modern Chinese evolves from the corresponding adverbial clause. Key words backgroudingthe non-cataphoric zero subject clauseindependencezero anaphorsyntactic 2010 5 479