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1 李 海 明 * * BFX
2
3 瑏 瑠 90 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 瑏 瑠 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢
4 瑏 瑣 18 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 19 瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 See Stacy Aumonier Should a Man Retire British Periodicals May 1926 pp 瑏 瑩
5 瑐 瑡 1980 瑐 瑢 1998 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦 55% 36% 9% 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 65 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 See Mark A. Rothstein Lance Liebman Employment Law New York Foundation Press 2003 p W See Kelly Greene Retiree Returns to Early Shift but this Time at Half the Pay The Wall Street Journal March See Maestas Nicole Back to Work Expectations and Realizations of Work after Retirement July Michigan Retirement Research Center Research Paper No. WP Available at SSRN http / /ssrn. com /abstract = or http / /dx. doi. org / /ssrn last visit on September See Acas Guidance for Employers Working without the Default Retirement Age March 2011 http / /www. acas. org. uk / CHttpHandler. ashx id = 2976 last visit on September
6 瑐 瑩 21 7 瑑 瑠 1989 瑑 瑡 瑑 瑢 瑑 瑣 瑑 瑤 瑑 瑥 瑑 瑦 瑑 瑧 瑐 瑩 瑑 瑠 瑑 瑡 瑑 瑢 瑑 瑣 瑑 瑤 瑑 瑥 瑑 瑦 瑑 瑧 See Chris Monaghan Justify Direct Age Discrimination when will a Mandatory Retirement Age not amount to Direct Age Discrimination Seldon V Clarkson Wright and Jakes Journal of Business Law pp 瑐 瑡 Mark A Rothstein Lance Liebman See Phased Retirement. http / /www. opm. gov /blogs /retire /index. aspx page = 1. Last visit on September and see Section of Public Law Henry J Aaron
7 反 性 别 歧 视 瑑 瑨 瑑 瑩 2. 反 年 龄 歧 视 瑒 瑠 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑢 3. 劳 动 权 与 解 雇 保 护 瑑 瑨 瑑 瑩 瑒 瑠 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑢 Michael Connolly Objectively Justifying Compulsory Retirement Employment Law Bulletin Jun pp
8 / 瑒 瑣 2000 /78 /EC 瑒 瑤 瑒 瑥 瑒 瑦 瑒 瑧 4. 老 年 劳 动 者 权 益 保 护 瑒 瑨 瑒 瑩 瑓 瑠 瑓 瑡 瑓 瑢 瑒 瑣 瑒 瑤 瑒 瑥 瑒 瑦 瑒 瑧 瑒 瑨 瑒 瑩 瑓 瑠 瑓 瑡 瑓 瑢 瑒 瑣 149 http / /www. jil. go. jp/hanrei /menu/10. htm 瑑 瑥 瑑 瑥
9 退 让 理 论 代 际 公 平 瑓 瑣 瑓 瑤 瑓 瑥 70 瑓 瑦 瑓 瑧 job - blocking theory 瑓 瑨 2. 企 业 的 员 工 计 划 理 论 实 质 公 平 瑓 瑩 瑔 瑠 瑔 瑡 瑓 瑣 瑓 瑤 瑓 瑥 瑓 瑦 瑓 瑧 瑓 瑨 瑓 瑩 瑔 瑠 瑔 瑡. H 瑓 瑣. H 瑒 瑣 150 瑒 瑢 Michael Connolly 瑒 瑣 150 瑒 瑣
10 3. 从 辩 护 到 扬 弃 的 强 制 退 休 1987 瑔 瑢 2 /3 70 瑔 瑣 % 54. 4% 瑔 瑤 瑔 瑥 瑔 瑦 瑔 瑧 瑔 瑨 瑔 瑩 20 瑖 瑠 瑔 瑢 瑔 瑣 瑔 瑤 瑔 瑥 瑔 瑦 瑔 瑧 瑔 瑨 瑔 瑩 瑖 瑠 See Employment Rate of Older Workers % of Population Aged http / /www. oecd - ilibrary. org /employment /employment - rate - of - older - workers_ table6 last visit on September See Claire Nisbet The Implications of Removal of the Default Retirement Age Employment Law Bulletin Jun pp See Gallo W T Bradley E H Siegel M Kasl S V. Health Effects of Involuntary Job Loss Among Older Workers Findings from the Health and Retirement Survey. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2000 Vol pp. S
11 瑖 瑡 瑖 瑢 瑖 瑣 瑖 瑤 35 瑖 瑥 瑖 瑡 瑖 瑢 瑖 瑣 瑖 瑤 瑖 瑥 See Jonathan Gruber David A. Wise Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World Micro Estimation NBER Working Paper No December MacK A. Player Federal Law of Employment Discrimination in a Nutshell West p 瑏 瑦 Stacy Aumonier 118
12 瑖 瑦 Abstract Is retirement a right or an obligation There are different answers under different situations and different perspectives. In fact after surveying developing process of retirement especially researching on laborers' voluntary retirement compulsory retirement and the return to voluntary retirement the nature of right of retirement will be presented. Therefore when we focus on the topic of delaying the retirement age and introducing the flexible retirement system it is necessary to elaborate the theory and practice of voluntary retirement and its restriction and this will not only shape our labor contract theory and safeguard labors but also help the dissemination of knowledge. Voluntary retirement is the kernel of right to retire which is not only the freedom to choice but also an ability to choose from the perspective of the effect of retirement retirement is concerned not only specific rights such as the right to rest the right to maintenance work the pension right but also certain social policies such as population employment and social security. Therefore to it is necessary to not only stipulate important conditions and procedures of both voluntary retirement and compulsory retirement respectively but also improve the legislation from the angle of safeguarding the legal rights and interests of older laborers in order to safeguard their legal rights and interests of labor and social protection. 瑖 瑦 119
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