1 1-1 1-2
2 (preexamination procedures) (examination procedures) (postexamination procedures) (pre-analytical phase) 1-1 (triglyceride) 2 hormone (renin) (aldosterone) (creatine kinase) (Nicoll et al., 2004/2006)
Chapter 1 3 1-2 (Collection of Blood Specimen) Digoxin 6 24 Cortisol (Nicoll et al., 2004/2006 (AV shunt) 2 (calcium, Ca) (Nicoll et al., 2004/2006) (potassium, K) (magnesium, Mg) GOT GPT (bilirubin) (creatine phosphokinase, CPK) (CPK-isoenzyme) (lactic dehydrogenase, LDH) (LDH-isoenzyme) (ALP) (acid-ptase) (protein electrophoresis, protein-ep) (gamma-gt, γ-gt) 1-1 1-2
4 1-1 1-2 (A) (B) 1. (1) 1-3 (2) (3) 2. (1) 1-3 (2) 1-4A (3) 3.2% (sodium citrate) 1-4B (4) 1-4C (5) (heparin) 1-4D (6) EDTA 1-4E (7) NaF 1-4H
Chapter 1 5 1-3 (A) (B) 1-4
6 1-1 1-4A (no additive) 1-4B 3.2% (PT, aptt) EDTA (Zn) (Cd) (Hg) (As) (Pb) 1-4F (Li) (Mg) (Cu) (Al) 1-4D (sodium heparin) (plasma (lithium heparin) (ammonia) separation tube, PST) 1-4G 1-4E EDTA 1-4H Sodium fluoride (NaF) / Potassium oxalate 1-4I 3.8% (ESR) ACD (acid citrate dextrose) (HLA) (serum separation tube, SST) 1-4J (Venous Puncture) 1. (1) (2) (3)
Chapter 1 7 (3) (4) (5) 2. (1) (2) 6~8 1 (3) 75% 75% 3 (4) 15~30 1-2B (5) 5 (6) 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (Arterial Puncture) (Allen test) 1. (Allen test) (1) (2) 1-5A
8 (3) (4) 1-5B 15 1-5 (Allen test) 2. (1) (2) 1% 3 30 75% (3) 3 ml 5 ml 1-6 (heparin 1:1000 units/ml) (4) 45 ~60 1-6 (5) 15 (6)
Chapter 1 9 (Skin Puncture) 1-7 1. 5~10 2. 75% 3 3. 2 mm 1-7B 4. 1-7C D 5. 1-7 (A) (lancet) (capillaries) (B) (C) (D)
10 1-4B (prothrombin time, PT) (activated partial thromboplastin time, aptt) 12% PT aptt 1 PT aptt (heparin) 9 1 10% (PT) (aptt) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Chapter 1 11 (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) (homocysteine) (ammonia, NH 3 ) (blood gas analysis) (Collection of Urine Specimen) 1. 2. 3. 50~100 1-8 1-9 24 3~4 3000~4000 1-10
12 1-8 1-9 60 ml 40 ml 1-10 24 3~4 24 (random urine specimen)
Chapter 1 13 (first morning urine specimen) 6~8 (osmolality) (casts) 24 24 (24-hour urine specimen) (hydration) 24 (electrolyte) (hormone) (protein) (urobilinogen) (catecholamine) 5- (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA) (vanillylmandelic acid, VMA) 17- (17-hydroxysteroid) 24 1. 8 8 2. 24 3~4 1-10 3. 8 10 ml 1-8 (pregnancy test) (human chorionic gonadotropin, hcg) 2~8 C 48
14 (Collection of Stool Specimen) 4~5 (cellulose) (choline) (bilirubin) 30% 10~20% (diarrhea) (dysentery) 10 4 C (Occult Blood Test) Aspirin C 1-11A
Chapter 1 15 C 1-11B 4 C (hook effect) 1-11 (A) (B) (Ascaris lumbricoides) (tapeworm) (Fasciolopsis buski) (protozoa) (helminths) (Entamoeba histolytica) (Giardia lamblia) (Isospora belli) (Cryptosporidium species) (balantidium) Charcot-Leyden (eosinophils) (formed stool) (semiformed)
16 (nematodes) (trematodes) (tapeworm) (Enterobius vermicularis) (Ascaris lumbricoides) (Trichuris trichiura) (hookworm) (Strongyloides stercoralis) (Capillaria philippinesis) Scotch tape collophane (direct smear) (concentration methed) 1-12 1-12 (merthiolate iodine formaldehyde, MIF) (merthiolate) (iodine) (formalin) MIF MIF (Collection of Sputum Specimen) (plasma transudate) (sialic acid) (macrophages)
Chapter 1 17 1-13 1-13 (Collection of Semen Specimen) (infertility) (sperm count) (sperm morphology) (sperm motility) 3 5 1-9 1 (cerebrospinal fluid, CSF) (meningitis) (subarachnoid hemorrhage) (intercerebral hemorrhage) (cerebral infarct) (CSF) (lumbar puncture) 3 3~5 ml) 1-14 1-14
18 1 (glycolysis) CSF 25 C (2~8 C) 1. (synovial fluid) (joint fluid) (Gram s stain) (polarizing microscope) (monosodium urate crystals, MSU) (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, CPPD) 2. (pleural fluid) (peritoneal fluid) (effusions) (transudate) (exudate) 3. (pericardial fluid) 1-14 (oxalate)
Chapter 1 19 EDTA (blood culture) 24 3 1 2 (bacteremia) 10 ml 1-3A 5 ml 1-3B 1~2 ml 10 ml 24
20 48 3~5 1. 2. 6~10 ml 5 ml 1~3 ml 3. (clean-catched midstream urine) (catheterized specimen) (foley indwelling urine) (bladder aspirated urine) (urine culture) 3~4 1-9 5 ml 4~8 C 4