3 :, ASR,, :,,, :11 ;21 ;31, ;41,, 4 :, ;,,, :, :,,, ( Granovetter,1974,1995 ;Bian, 1997 ;Bian & Ang,1997), (Bridges & Villemez,1986 ; Corcoran, et al., 1980 ; Korenman & Turner,1996 ; Staiger, 3 2005 ( 05&ZD034) 2 985 2006 138
1990),, (,2006),,,, (Mouw,2003) :,,, ( ),,,?,,,, (,2006),??, ( American Sociological Review) :?,, :,,,, (Mouw,2003),, ( ), 139
2008. 4, (Mouw,2003) ( Ports A. ) (,2000),,,,,,,,, (,2004),,,, (Burt,1992), 1981 1998 20 31, 30 (,2004), :,,, :,?,, (Bridges & Villemez,1986),,,, :,,, (Mouw,2003) 140
( ),,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :, ;, ;,, 1981,, (Lin et al.,1981),,,,,,, (,2004),, ( ),, 141
2008. 4,, (Corcoran et al., 1980 ;Marsden, 2001), (Bian,1997),, (Coleman,1990 ;,2004), ( Granovetter,1973),, ( Granovetter,1973),, 1988,,,,,, ( ) (Bian,1997),,,,,,,,,, (Burt,1992),, 142
,,, (Burt,1992) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ) ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (Lin et al.,1981),,, (Lin et al., 1981), :,?,, 45 %, 143
2008. 4 22 %,,,,, (Fernandez & Weinberg,1997), :,, : ;,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,, ( ),, 144
: 1 : ;, : > 2 :,, : > 1, 2, :,,,, : 3 :, 2006, ( ) : F1, ( :, ) : ( ) 145
2008. 4, ;, : > >,, (, ) ( ), ;,,, (,2004), : 4 :,,,,, : > > 2006 1 4 (2004), 4, 3 ( ),, ( ) ( ),,, 4, + 4, 146
1 (N = 3084) 15-63 ( 27145, 81647) (N = 3086) 4619 % ; 5311 % (N = 3086) (N = 3002) (N = 3086) (N = 3007) 1816 % ; 5113 % ; 1119 % ; 1514 % ; 219 % 0-35192 ( 5184, 51149) 211 % ; 5712 % ; ( ) 3914 % ; 150-5000 ( 1092171, 5611808) : ; :, :, 2 3 2 ( N = 3086) 634 1057 587 1236 549 22 393 861 370 973 398 26 228 396 222 596 199 36 121 324 77 274 117 23 3 ( N = 3086) 595 173 113 377 95 67 221 39 22 129 284 314 147
2008. 4,, 4 4,,, (Mouw,2003),,,, 4 ( N = 3086) % % 7619 2314 6510 1516 4313 816 2517 2015, 4 OLS 4, 1 2, 1 ; 3 2, ; 4 3, 4 ; ( ) :,, 1,, 0 ;,, 1,, 0 4, 1 1,, 148
5, 7 1, ( ) ( ) 7, ( : 1 :log Y= 0 + 1 X 1 + 2 X 2 + 3 X 2 2 + 4 X 3 + 5 X 4 + 6 X 2 4 + 7 X 5 + 8 X 6 + 9 X 7 + 1 ( Y, log Y ; 0, 1, X 1,X 2,X 3,X 4,X 5,X 6,X 7 ) 2 :log Y= 0 + 1 X 1 + 2 X 2 + 3 X 2 2 + 4 X 3 + 5 X 4 + 6 X 2 4 + 7 X 8 + 8 X 9 + 9 X 10 + 2 ( 0, 2, X 8, X 9, X 10 ; X 8 X 9 X 10, 0 1 Y X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 1) 3 :log Y= 0 + 1 X 1 + 2 X 2 + 3 X 2 2 + 4 X 3 + 5 X 4 + 6 X 2 4 + 7 X 11 + 8 X 12 + 9 X 13 + 3 ( 0, 3, X 11, X 12,X 13,X 11 X 12 X 13, 0 1 Y X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 1) 4 ( 3 ) : log Y = 0 + 1 X 1 + 2 X 2 + 3 X 2 2 + 4 X 3 + 5 X 4 + 6 X 2 4 + 7 X 13 + 8 X 14 + 9 X 15 + 10 X 16 + 11 X 17 + 12 X 18 + 13 X 19 + 4 ( 0, 4, X 14,X 15,X 16,X 17,X 18,X 19 X 14 X 15 X 16 X 17 X 18 X 19, 0 1 1 3),,, :,,,,, ( ),,, :, ; ( ), ;,, ;,,,, 5 :,,,,, 0 1, 1, 149
2008. 4 5) ( ) ( ) ( ), 5 (B),,,, (B = 01099,p < 0101), 1 2,, 5 OLS 1 2 B Std1 Error B Std1 Error 1154 33 1014 1153 33 1014 1025 33 1000 1026 33 1006 1000 33 1000 1000 33 1000 1129 33 1007 1127 33 1007 1036 33 1004 1035 33 1004-1001 33 1000-1001 33 1000-1007 1042 1099 33 1014-1006 1034 1042 33 1016 1040 3 1019 1148 33 1020 (constant) 61017 33 1083 61006 33 1079 3761066 3711967 2928 2928 R 2 1247 1255 Adjusted R 2 1245 1253 : :B,Std1 Error 3 p < 0105 ; 33 p < 0101( ) 150
,, 1,, ;, ( ),,,,, 1 2, 2 3 3 4 2, : (B = 01148,p < 0101) (B = 01040,p < 0105) (B = 01042,p < 0105),,,, 3,,,, 814 %,, 1012 % ( 6),,,, (Lin 151
2008. 4 et al1, 1981) :, 6 :,,,,, 2,,,, ( ),, (Mouw, 2003), :,, ( ), ( ) (,2004),,,?,,, :,, ( ), 1315 %( 3314 %),,,,, 152
, ( ) ( ) 6 (N = 805) % (N = 461) 412 510 312 317 110 115 814 1012 % 3 4, 7 3,, (B = 01226, p < 0101) (B = 01117,p < 0101) (B = 01079,p < 0101), 4,, :,,,, 3 3, 4 4, : ; : 153
2008. 4 7 OLS (N = 3086) 3 4 B Std1 Error B Std1 Error 1154 33 1014 1153 33 1014 1026 33 1006 1026 33 1006 1000 33 1000 1000 33 1000 1128 33 1007 1128 33 1007 1035 33 1004 1035 33 1004-1001 33 1000-1001 33 1000 915 1079 33 1015 506 1048 33 1018 193 1055 3 1028 216 1173 33 1026 245 1117 33 1025 136 1089 33 1032 70 1168 33 1045 39 1127 3 1059 ( ) 93 1226 33 1039 1226 33 1039 (constant) 61004 33 1080 61004 33 1079 3741286 3711616 2928 2937 R 2 1250 1256 Adjusted R 2 1248 1252 : :B,Std1 Error 3 p < 0105 ; 33 p < 0101( ) ; ( 7), 7 4,,, 154
,,, 4 (,2003 :129),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ( ), (Bian,1997),, 7 4, + +, + + ( 70, 39, 7),, 155
2008. 4,,?,?,, 1988,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 2 3 3, 4 4,, 4,, 4,,,,,,, 156
,?,?,,?,,,, :, ( ),,,, ( ),,,?,, (,2001 :55),,,,,,, (employee referral),,,,,,,, ( ),,?, 157
2008. 4 (Fernandez & Weinberg,1997), :,,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Polanyi,1971) 1985 :, 158
,,, ( Granovetter,1985),,,,, :, :,, ( Zukin & DiMaggio,1990 ;Uzzi,1997),,,, ;, ( Granovetter,1985),,, ( Granovetter,1985), :, (Powell,1990),,,,,,,,, 159
2008. 4, (,2003 :120),,,,,, ( Granovetter, 1985),,, ; (arm s length tie), (Uzzi,1997),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 160
, ( ),,,,,,,,,, :,2000, :,,, :,2004,,, :,2006,, 8,2001, :,, :,2006,, :,2003,, : Bian, Yanjie 1997, Bringing Strong Ties Back In : Indirect Connection, Bridge, and Job Search in China. American Sociological Review 62. Bian, Yanjie & Soon Ang 1997, Guanxi Networks and Job Mobility in China and Singapore. Social Forces 75(3). Bridges,William P. & Wayne J. Villemez 1986, Informal Hiring and Income in the Labor Market. American Sociological Review 51. Burt, Ronald S. 1992, Structural Holes : the Social Structural of Competition. Cambridge MA : Harvard University Press. Coleman, James S. 1990, University Press. Foundation of Social Theory. Cambridge : The Belknap Press of Harvard Corcoran, Mary, Linda Datcher & Gerg Duncan 1980, Information and Influence Networks in Labor Markets. in G.J. Duncan &J. N. Morgan (eds. ) Five Thousand American Families : Patterns of 161
2008. 4 Economic Progress. MI : Institute for Social Research. Fernandez, Roberto M. & Nancy Weinberg 1997, a Retail Bank. American Sociological Review 62. Sifting and Sorting : Personal Contacts and Hiring in Granovetter, Mark 1973, The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology 78. 1974, Getting a Job : A Study of Contacts and Careers. Cambridge MA : Harvard University Press. 1985, Economic Action and Social Structure : The Problem of Embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology 91. 1995, Getting a Job ( Second edition). Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Korenman, Sanders & Susan C. Difference. Industrial Relations 35. Tuner 1996, Employment Contacts and Minority - White Wage Lin, Nan, Walter M. Ensel &John C. Vanghn 1981, Social Resources and Strength of Ties : Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment. American Sociological Review 46. Marsden, Peter V. 2001 Interpersonal Ties, Social Capital, and Employer Staffing Practices. in N. Lin, K. S. Cook & R. Burt (eds. ) Social Capital : Theory and Research. NY: Aldine de Gruyter. Mouw, Ted 2003, Social Capital and Finding a Job : Do Contacts Matter? American Sociological Review 68. Polanyi, Karl 1971, Primitive, Archaic and Modern Economies : Essays of Karl Polanyi, ( ed. ) by George Dalton. Boston : Beacon Press. Powell, Water W. 1990, Neither Market Nor Hierarchy : Network Forms of Organizations. in Barry M. Staw &Larry L. (eds. ) Research in Organizational Behavior 12. CT: JAI Press. Staiger,Doug 1990, The Effect of Connections on the Wages and Mobility of Young Workers. Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press. Uzzi, Brian 1997, Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks : The Paradox of Embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly 42. Zukin, Sharon & Paul DiMaggio 1990, Structures of Capital : The Social Organization of the Economy. New York : Cambridge University Press. : : 162
promoting liberty for contemporary democratic countries. Rosanvallon s reading and interpretation of the history of French democracy offers for us an original perspective to understand the limits of market society,the inadequacies of Anglo2Saxon democracy and the antinomies of democracy itself. Pierre Bourdieu s Ultimate Concern Liu Yonghua 113 Abstract : Pierre Bourdieu remarked that the unconsciousness is to forget history. For the question of how history forgets itself, this paper tries to trace the logic of social legitimatization. The basic question is that how classification schema as a tool of knowledge becomes a tool of politics? The reason is that symbolic power imposes and infuses various classification systems,in that the dominant structure is seen to be taken2for2granted and to be accepted. Thus,there is a logical relation between symbolic power and classfication, which is embodied as belief ( doxa). The relation between classification and politics is Bourdieu s ultimate concern. Diversity of Social Network and Labor Market Outcome : A study on how social contacts affect the wage of migrant workers Zhang Chunni &Liu Linping 138 Abstract : Ted Mouw s article on ASR had challenged the effect of embeddedness in labor market, but it ignored the diversity of social network. Responding to Mouw s mistake, this paper suggests a proposition that the effect of using social contacts on job finding depends on how the network relates to the inner network of a corporation. If one s network highly relates to the inner network of a corporation, using contacts will bring more benefits to his labor market outcome. Based on the data collected from migrant workers on Pearl River Delta, we find that using inner contacts gives an advantage to migrant workers wages. There is no effect of their using other contacts outside the corporation or generally using contacts. Among the cases of using inner contacts, those migrant workers who are well connected to their contacts on very high positions or connected to more types of inner contacts will get higher wages. The paper ends with a conclusion that how embeddedness acts on labor market depends on the diversity of social network, and we should pay attention to the level of embeddedness when we talk about its effect. Understanding the Concept of Social Policy : Reviews and reflections Huang Chenxi 163 Abstract : Social policy is a widely used concept yet with no internationally consensus meaning. This article will firstly describe sequence of ideas on social policy from its origin 244