2 1949 2003 2004 2008 2004 2008 50 50 1949 2004 2

NO.2 62390334 13552661577 louwei2003@263.net

2 1949 2003 2004 2008 2004 2008 50 50 1949 2004 2

3

NO.2 CHINA TALENTS DEVELOPMENT REPORT NO.2 CONTENTS TALENTS POLISIES The New Development of China Talents policies Pan Chen-guang, Lou Wei, Wang Li The Policies Analysis of China Scientific and Technological Talents Lou Wei The Training Policies for China Minority Nationalities Talents Li Cheng-wu TALENTS TEAM BUILDING The Development of Consultative Talents: Present Situation, Problem and Countermeasure Fang Hong, Liu Chun-ping, Xu Lei Analysis on the Supply and Demand of China Retail talents Zhou Qin, Li Gang The Team Building of China Journalists Wang Can-fa, Wang Jia, Hou Xin-jie ( ) The Present Situation and Development Environment for the Entrepreneurs Gao Wen-shu The Development of China tourism Talents Yi Shao-hua DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR TALENTS 2004/2008 The Strategy Development Programming for Beijing of 2004-2008 Zeng Xiang-quan, Lou Tao The Development Strategies of Talents in Shanghai in the New Century and the New Phase Shen Rong-hua Analysis on the Strategies Planning of the Talents Yu Zhong-hua TALENTS COMPETITIVENESS IN CITIES The Theories and Methods of City Talents Competitiveness The Research Group of China Cities Competitiveness Report 50 4

Analysis and Comment on the Talents Competitiveness of 50 Cities in China The Research Group of China Cities Competitiveness Report 50 The Talents Competitiveness Rank of 50 Cities in China The Research Group of China Cities Competitiveness Report DISSCUSSION ON TALENTS The Impact of Government expenditure on Education to the Talents Development Liao Chu-hui, Li Zhi-rong Choices of Training Industry in China Pan Chen-guang, Fang Hong Analysis on the Professional technology Rank Appointment system Yang Wei-guo, Jiang Shao-hua Discussion on the activities of technological Talents participating in the poverty relief and development Li Jang-zhong,Yu Zhong-hua A Study on the quality model Sun Jian-min, Yu Hong-chao FOREIGN EXPERIENCES The Development Situation of Foreign Think Tank Yang Tao, Pan Chen-guang, Hu Bin TALENTS WORK MEMORABILIA Talents Work Memorabilia of People s Republic of China(1949-2004) Li Cheng-wu POSTSCRIPT 5

2003 12 19 20 1949 1 2003 12 26 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 2 2002 5 2002-2005 11 2003 5 23 6 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2003 6 12 6 24 2003 12 19 20 7

3 2004-5-19 2004 10 20 29 2005 1 1 [2004]63 2004 9 2 [2004]42 2005 2003 12 31 [2003]37 [2003]38 2004 2004 2003 12 13 2004 8 15 74 2002 2 10 2004 [2003]1l ) [2004]22 2004 [2004]12 2005 3 29 2004 4000 100 [1] 193 [1] 2004 2005-1-10 8

9 1 ( ) ( ) 2004 5 1 5 1 5

2004 2004 2008 1000 ( ) 2001-7-2 2000-8-21 1999-3-3 [1] 2 2003 4100 2834 6.8% 32.2% 54.4% [2] 2002 2005 2005 8350 5400 6.3% 2000 12 1 2001 2001-6-19 2004-5-19 2004 10 20 29 2005 1 1 [1] 2003 7 18 [2] 2004 05 08 10

[2004]63 2004 2004 5--10 1000 2004 82 2004 819 2506 17 4 21 2000 3 1 1978 12 1988 4 13 1993 2004 9 2 [2004]42 2004 120 11

2 1993 2003 33 28.87% 2004 334 [1] 4700 2003-12-26 2005 2005 4 [1] 28% 2005 2 12 12

1994 2000 2003-12-26 2003 12 31 [2003]37 [2003]38 2004 2006 2004 7000 4200 60% 2520 36% 280 4% [1] 5 1999 [2] 2004 747 200 2000 2010 1000 2003 2010 2003 3 2003 2010 2003 2003 2005 1000 [1] http://www.lm.gov.cn/old/gb/content/2004-03/26/content_24802.htm [2] 747 2004 3 1 13

500 5000 2006 2010 5000 3000 2004 5 20 2004 2008 500 1000 400 2004 10 2005 3 5 2005 2007 2005 1 5 6 2002 2005 2002-5-7 2003 12 13 2004 8 15 74 2002 2002 70 20 70 90 6 22 80 [1] 2003 2004 48 29 8 [2] [1] [2] 45 2003 12 17 2005 2 28 3 1 14

1 2003 10 ( [2003]11 ) 2003 12 2 2004 3 2004 4 2003-12-26 [2003]1l 2004 [2004]22 2004 6 26 2005 3 20 ( ) [1], 2005 2005 2 [1] 2005 3 22 15

1999 11 12 4000 2000 1 15 15 3.5 20.4% 13.6% 8.3% [1] 15.4% 8.8% 2002 2 10 10 10 2002 5 7 2002 2005 2003-12-26 2005 2005 [1] 2002 2 10 16

20 28 3000 700 1100 1992 1994 2004 2004 12 CEPA 2005 3 29 2001 9 11 1 1994 2001 4 2001 2005 2003-12-26 17

2004 2005 2004 11 1100 9000 10 [1] 430 330 19 900 69 800 100% [2] 2005 2005 6 5 300 [3] 2 2005 1/3 2000 5000 4000 30 22 8 1995 1995 11 1999 21 2002 11 2002 2003 2005 [1] [2] [3] 237 2005 2 5 2004 2005-2-3 2005-2-1 18

19 2003-2007 2003-12-26 2004 2004 12 2002 2005 2002-5-7 2004 7

7 ( ) ( ) 7 2004 2005 [1] 2004 1993 1993 4 24 125 1993 10 1 < > [1994]1 1999 3 1993 10 2001 [1] 2005-3-4 20

2004 12 25 29 13 2005 4 27 27 35 2006 1 1 18 107 12000 2003 636.9 47.5 53.55 144.6 285.2 106.1 [1] 2005 [2] 130 2900 25 [1] [2] 2005 4 27 2005 2005-1-5 21

1995 1998 2000 2001 2002 7 2004 31 45 1300 4 5% [1] 2003-12-26 2005 2003-12-26 2005 2005 1 1543 5206 14.5 192 2003-12-26 2005 [1] 2004 12 17 22

23 2005 2 3.5% 100 7000 2003-12-26 2005 " " 2003-12-26 < > 2004 12 2005 2005

2003-12-26 2005 2005 2005 2003-12-26 2005 2005 2005 2 3 24

2003-12-26 2005 2004 3 22 2004 9 19 2004 25

26

27 [1] [2] 1 2 3 [1] 1999 7 [2] 2002 59

1949 1978 1992 1 <2002 2005 > 2003-12-26 2 [1995]28 [1996]98 < > [1995]2 2002-08-21 [2001]49 28

29 [2002]30 [1998]62 [1995]7 < > 2002-12-20 [1999]44 2004-04-29 1-1 1-1 (95) 28 1 1995 [1995]2 (95) 28

[1996]98 ) ( [2001]14 ) 2002 5 2 (1998 8 29 ) 1993-1-12 [2001]4 1978 400 [78] 773 < > [1986]107 [1984]185 1985 7 [1985]88 [1992]16 [1996]102 3 1995 [1996]124 2002 2003 2005 1 2 30

31 3 1 1999 8 20 < > 2000 30 < > 2002 180 2 1990-11-16

2003 [2003]37 < > [2003]38 3 50 1985 3 13 1995 1 13 35 4 [1995]144 [2000]81 < > [2001]33 < > [2002]32 5 ( ) 2000 3 30 2000 30 ( ) 6 < > 2000 30 32

1 [1] 2 2003-12-26 1 1978 3 [1] http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-06-02/11483379498.shtml 33

1999 4-1 4-1 1999 5 23 265 [1999]67 1999 12 26 1 1999 12 26 2 1999 12 26 3 2003 12 20 396 2 1990 7 [1990]6 4-2 4-2 1990 6 1991 10 1992 10 1995 1995 27 1999 25 [2001]10 3 1983 3 24 50 34

1984 4-3 1998 1998 4-3 [1984]3 [85] 1051 [1989]4 [1995]11 [1995]2 [1996]35 4 1995 2002 4-4 4-4 [1995]28 [1995]147 [1996]98 [2002]55 [2002]101 5 4-5 4-5 35

36 1997-7-4 [1999]29 1999-8-19 2002-08-21 [2002]34 1 J.S. Adams 1965 2 1 2

2002 2005 2002-5-7 1 2002 2005 2002-5-7 10 10-12 5-7 4-6 2 1 < > [1995]144 100 10 2 1999 4 26 [1999]14 3 37

[1995]7 2001 65 3 2002 2005 2002-5-7 2004 4 [2000]1 [86] 0398 [86] 0751 [1994]22 5 [2001]49 [1999]14 38

2003 12 13 2004 8 15 74 2005 1 [1] 2 3 1 2 [1] 2003 7 18 39

3 2002 40

[1] 1949 10 1956 8 1949 10 1956 12 1950 11 24 [1] 41

1951 12 1 2 1951 8 1400 50 [1] 1951 8 1951 1956 5700 [2] [1] [2] 1953 10 14 ( ) 2001 9 18 5 42

1951 1086 9 3800 2000 133 4 220 1 3 252 1 38 27 2 1 6 [1] 3600 [2] 1957 48 9.6 50 [3] 1956 9 1966 6 1956 9 1966 6 1956 9 [4] [1] [2] [3] [4] 2001 44 45 1953 10 14 2000 280 1987 425 43

[1] 7 1957 85% 90% 1 34 40 60 [2] 1956 1959 1956 1958 1956 1958 1957 1958 1960 1958 1963 60 [3] 1958 39766 1951 660 60.3 22421 1950 1285 17.4 [4] 1958 [1] 1998 635 639 [2] 1957 8 24 [3] http://www.xmsonger.net/tengtuzl/jxglzl/moral/18855.htm [4] 2001 55 44

1958 8 1951 1961 1962 1965 5 31 1952 22 25096 1952 21250 [1] 1966 80 [1] 2001 77 45

1966 6 1976 10 1966 1976 1951 1970 2 1971 17 17 [1] 4 6 20 70 1971 1975 5260 1977 5 29 17 69 32 78 1966 80 2 [1] 2001 123 46

[1] 1978 2004 2 1978 1979 5 ( ) [2] 1980 10 10 1980 [1] [2] 1993 300 1998 1735 47

1978 1982 50 5 1977 1983 29 53 156 [1] 251 1980 1980 6 21 6 150 5 6 [2] 360 1982 1984 20 80 80 20 50 60 1977 19 24.3% 1988 107.5 62.7% [3] 1992 10 [1] [2] [3] 2001 198 2001 198 199 312 1993 48

1993 6 1999 282.4 6.9% 1978 55 150 60% [1] 1999 9 2000 2002 2002 7 2003 2003 12 [1] 1999 248 49

50

19 100 20 12% 2001 1140 1% 2%-3% 1991 2030 20% 20 70 1 1979-1983 1978 12 1981 2 1984-1993 1982 10 1985 3 1992 6 1986 1987 90 1992 1991 3.4 1992 6.7 51

3 1993-2000 1997 3400 12.8 2000 100 8.9 0.11% 100 10 MBA 4 2001-2010 2001 IT 1996 21.85 2001 302 13 MBA 1 1979 1983 1984 1993 1993 2000 2001 2010 2010 52

WTO 12 FIDIC 10 MBA 500 1 1995-2003 1 1995 2002 236 408 2005 500 1986 4 27 ( ) 1997-2000 2 3 1 1995-2003 53

5000000 4500000 4000000 3500000 3000000 2500000 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2 1997-2000 1997 1998 1999 2000 7380 7564 8426 7700 1490 1319 1641 1936 5890 6245 6785 5764 ( ) 146658 149571 164320 139682 ( ) 99727 99981 102536 72592 ( ) 68 66.8 62.4 52 ( ) 33.7 51.36 67.38 88.6 ( ) 19.46 30.55 42.34 55.37 ( ) 14.27 20.81 25.04 33.23 / ttp://166.111.96.14/alumni/alu008.nsf 3 (%) (%) (%) / 240 3542 27.1 34847 16.3 5462 28.5 5.4 136 2379 18.2 77144 36.2 3022 15.8 2.8 106 3764 28.8 34944 16.4 3564 18.6 4.3 84 1451 11.1 24639 11.5 2157 11.3 4.4 30 691 5.3 21899 10.3 2794 14.6 5.7 28 366 2.8 6658 3.1 541 2.8 5.3 54

22 871 6.7 13180 6.2 1598 8.4 8.4 646 13064 100 213312 100 19137 100 4.7 http://www.szlh.gov.cn/web/article/2004/04/23 4 5 Gartner 4 300 1 400 Forrester 576 155 000 33 000 IBM HP 4 1926 1994 180 7000 60% ( ) 1963 20 80 70 2700 1947 1993 160 7.5 2001 4 10 1948 1994 400 3.3 49 1995 1997 80 1.5 35 1988 2001 350 2001 2 2001 23.7 1989 1997 50 2001 84 5.65 1926 1985 70 14 5000 1983 2001 15 900 1967 1995 40 1100 5 2001 2001 90 1997 400 65 70 55

1994 1996 90 40 45 60 35 40 2 30 2001 50 2001 41.5 1 1 3 2 1 6 3 1 1997-2001 1 1 3 5 2 3-5 4500 49% 16% Fortune MBA 4 1997 2000 70% 22% 5% 3% 2001 12 1 32208 58.1% 34627 16567 47.8 % [1] [1] 56

50 40 30 % 20 10 0 http://www.unicentury.com.cn/zx/guandian_3_2.htm 88% 28% 12% 14% 9% 15% 6% 4% MBA 3 2001-2002 106 238 125% 34 44 29.4% 3 3 [1] [1] www.chnmc.com 57

4 2 12% 15% 40% 33% 2 1 1 80 4200 6.4 2000 2000 32619 13215 10 132.15 2 58

4 70 3 26 17 150 10000 2001 3 400% 350% 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% 398% 186% 164% 70% 74% 84% IT BPR 3 4 20 47 ( 59

) 30 ( ) 280 1500 17 130 5 5 6 6 60

61 1 2 95% 273 7.5% 50% 14.2% 30% 30% 40 % 3 : 3

62 : 4 5 6 40 %

2004 4 10 4 4 4 TOP10 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 6919 2000 1000 0 333 342 357 367 374 534 553 600 1262 / / / / www.51job.com 1 63

2 : ( ) : 3 : 4 64

5 5 5 65

66 1, 2 3 4,,,, 5 6 7 ( ) 1 2003 267.6 93.6 68 105.9 48.7% 51.3%

2 1995 1995 761.9 1998 1997 721.3 513.2 1 1995 1995 40.8 2003 105.9 2 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1 1996 2004 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2 1996 2004 1 58.9 7000 67

1 37.6 13.7 11.9 43.1 33.2 58.9 25.3 29.5 8.4 19.5 19.7 40.9 14.7 14.9 31.4 3.4 26.7 10.3 37.9 20.7 20.7 11.7 22.7 15.5 12.4 0.7 21.2 9.5 1.8 2.5 8.1 20045 5 2 2002 158.8 56.9 41.9 60 51% 3 50% 52% 4 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 3 1996 2004 68

52.50% 52.00% 51.50% 51.00% 50.50% 50.00% 49.50% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 4 1996 2004 3 2002 2002 5 2003 267.6 93.6 35% 68 25.4% 105.9 39.6% 6 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 5 1996 2004 40% 30% 20% 2003 10% 0% 6 69

2004 4 2002 11.5% 14.3% 12.9% 5.5% 3.2% 1.7% 2 2 % 7.9 5.5 11.5 3.2 14.3 1.7 12.9 2003 1 57 5 20 49 3 3 16 19 10.2 45 49 10.9 20 24 12.5 50 54 9.8 25 29 12.6 55 59 9.7 30 34 12.5 60 64 9.2 35 39 12.5 65 9.2 40 44 12.3 2003 5 29 6 2003 9277 8786 6045 11856 1995 1995 3826 2003 9277 142% 7 1995 7009 2003 11856 8 2005 8 9.48% 70

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 7 1996 2004 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 8 1996 2004 1 1 2 3% 3 3 2003 9277 8786 6045 11856 71

19 18 4 2004 35.9 55.53 ( ) 24 1-2 5000 2000-4000 10 4 32244 14399 22457 13682 20636 12900 18752 12496 17268 12095 17182 11478 16501 11083 16352 9277 15533 15973 6969 2004 4 WTO 72

2002 35% 100 35 1 1 2 1.5 2 20% 4500 5000 2000 4000 1100 1200 800 3 4 18 73

1 5 3 9, 6 500 100 600 1800 9000 GDP 8% 23 51 2007 100 3500 600 3% 2 WTO 74

1998 20 20 90 8000 8 16 2004 16 18 1996 8 22 2 44% 2001 8 40 4 300 2002 87 3 2001 WTO 75

76

1919 1 70 [1] 1895 1898 94 20 [2] 160 1906 1908 [3] 1898 1911 13 53 2 [4] 17 100 2 500 4200 [1] 1912 6 [2] 1913 300 60 24 [1] [2] [3] [4] [1] [2] 510 92 137 138 149 150 77

1919---1949 1 (1919 1921) 2 1921 1927 1922 [3] 3 1927 1937 1927 1931 1931 4 1937 1945 1942 5 1945 1949 1946 1 8 200 20 47 3 [1] 1947 7 1948 [3] [1] 1998 2 222 1996 235 78

1948 1948 10 2 1949 10 1 1949 1976 1 1949 1956 [2] 1950 1 42.5% 56.8% 6708 2 10 800 12% [3] 1954 1955 1956 1956 4 1956 5 6 2 1956 1976 1956 1959 1966 1957 104 90 70 [1] 1959 6 1958 [2] [3] [1] 2000 390 390 1997 416 417 79

[2] 1976 1 1976 1990 1976 10 1980 2 1985 2 1989 11 28 11 25 80 1983 24 1988 33.1686 1949 1800 180 1985 3 1 2191 10.3 1983 58.27% 4.19 40.6% 1990 [3] 42 2 1990 1992 75 1991 55 [4] 1993 7 1995 1 [1] 1997 2001 8 [2] [2] 1983 215-216 [3] 420 [4] 2002 510 [1] 2003 10 253 254 [2] 271 80

2004 963.500 703.355 569.625 : 1 2005 2003 11 2005 1 146541 7 6 2000 2 2005 81

59% 1 41% 0% 20% 40% 60% 41% 1300 700 3 50 40 50 30 40 20 30 0% 10% 20% 30% 1 2005 1 15 15 20 30 29% 30 40 27% 40 50 24% 50 20% 4 82

2003 ( ) 25064 16266 18598 23579 15440 20018 24428 25966 16114 15837 14489 28149 31581 25339 22749 30352 11984 2941 9030 28140 10824 11508 2435 15196 11029 2545 2960 12167 83

2003 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1 36.70% 4.70% 56.20% 7.80% 84

60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 63.7% 2 1% 13% 20% 64% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 1 2005 1 15 98% 64% 20% 13% 1% 85

3 1978 1998 2002 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 7 15 43 57 102 224 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 102 57 43 7 15 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2002 323 224 1998 2002 69% 1999 2002 1 86

2 1985 1999 15 17 2000 13 2001 18 3 4 7 [1] 3 4 1998 100 2001 221 31% [1] ] 2002 15 87

5 1 2 32.7% 26% 20% 17.6% 16.3% 32.7% 6 88

[1] 2003 11 2004 9 91.5% 30.6% 4.7% 56.2% 7.8% 15 20 WTO WTO 1 [1] 1999 165 166 89

90 2 3 4 5 10 200 300 100 400 1

2 2 WTO 21 91

92

1993 30.8% 1995 2000 20.4% 15.3%2003 6.8% 1993 33.9% 1995 2000 42.1% 54.6% 2003 64.0% 1993 1995 2000 1.7% 9.9% 2003 21.6% 1 2003 31.4% 78.9% 1 % 1993 1995 2000 2003 30.8 20.4 15.3 6.8 35.3 37.5 40.1 29.2 33.9 40.4 34.7 42.4 0 1.7 9.9 21.6 1995 3 2000 76 2003 2004 2002 61.7% 61.6% 33% 61.2% 32.4% 31.4% 93

1980~1984 8.7% 1985~1993 23.4% 1994~1999 59.5% [1] 1998 2000 6 1998 32.1% 2000 80.2% 2003 83.03% 72.59% 62.64% 54.81% 44.37% 34.26% 14.52% [2] 59.3% 52.7% 43.6% [3] Watson Wyatt 2003 67 10000 43% 57% [4] MBA 21 2003 160 35 40 53% 40 25% 34 22% 30% 33% 23% 14% 70% 90% 3 9% 45% 54% 12% 2 2 % CEO 0 14 12 47 CEO7 20 30 32 COO 15 45 38 2 [1] 2003 21 [2] 2003 2004 358 [3] 2000 76 [4] 2004 8 22 94

12 54 28 6 66% 60% 27% 14% CEO 1 2 3 4 5 6 2004 3 3 2004 % % 66.0 63.7 66.4 69.1 61.6 61.3 70.1 66.0 57.8 50.9 50.7 43.8 47.5 55.0 55.5 45.8 51.5 45.4 46.0 41.6 35.2 41.5 34.8 33.1 34.0 30.0 24.5 26.1 32.9 38.0 28.1 27.4 29.8 28.6 23.9 27.8 21.3 25.7 31.3 32.0 26.2 20.2 25.8 27.2 30.6 22.1 13.6 22.2 23.2 27.4 21.6 22.9 20.4 21.5 24.3 19.5 34.5 22.2 15.4 8.9 17.4 18.6 18.0 16.2 17.5 11.4 10.7 10.2 12.4 13.1 8.6 5.9 8.6 9.4 9.1 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.6 1.9 1.4 2.3 1.9 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2004 9 34 95

20 90 2003 24.3% 52.5% 14.5% 26.4% 4 4 2003 8.2 8.7 5.7 2.8 3.8 3.7 44.3 43.4 28.5 25.1 27.0 20.6 30.8 27.1 45.3 57.6 47.3 49.3 14.2 18.3 18.1 13.2 18.6 22.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 1.3 3.3 4.2 2003 3 94 1 2 3 1 96

2 70% [1] 3 4 [2] 2002 2.6% 15.9% 30.9% 4.7% 45.9% 17.1 1994 75.3% 2000 56.4% 2002 45.9% 2002 49.7% 50.5% 41.6% 66.2% 2.6%~30.8% 30 20 66.7% 53.3% 30 21 70% 57.5% [3] 1993~1999 60% 2% [4] 1 [1] [2] [3] [4] 2001 7 2003 60 2003 20 2000 76 97

2002 31.3% 6.8% 3.7% 24.4% 33.8% 10 7.1% 63.2% 29.7% 94.1% 94.3% 96.8% 17.7% 17% 3.7% 42.7% 37.1% 70% 5 5 2002 % 0~3 3~5 5~10 20 % 60.1 34.1 4.2 0.6 31.2 20.8 15.6 6.2 1.0 1.8 8.2 29.3 57.1 3.6-25.0 19.9 15.8 18.4 1.3 2.8 19.2 57.6 37.4 4.4 0.5 29.9 21.0 21.0 7.7 1.0 2.3 13.7 2002 12 62 6 6 5 4 5 3 2 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 3 5 3 2 3 3 5 4 98

2 4 4 5 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 3 5 3 2 23 27 25 29 22 5 1 2003 36 2 1 2 3 4 99

1900~1955 55 1% 0.76% 1% 1.8% 2002 2.4% 26.4% 21.4% 1.9% 80% 57.9% 26.2% 17.4% 20.3% 0.8% 2% 9.9% [1] 520 5000 1/5 [2] 30 [1] [2] 1998 4 2002 89 100

101

20 600 3000 [1] 2005 [1] 21 2002 2 102

800 2010 1900 6900 10 100 20 1 1990 70% 2 1988 1989 20 1989 9627 2002 197375 25.62% 1997 3.5 70% 3 1 10 1990 270 49052 2002 1113 417022 103

4.1 8.5 2 10 33 1 1 2 96.3% 4% 27 2000 104

51.7% 7.2% 0.7% 40.4% 2000 42.4% 8.31% 49.3% 2000 105

22.9% 75.4% 1.61% 2000 3 1996 845 204263 145 20% 14% 637 75% 79% 845 75 600 500 400 300 200 20 100 5 0 106

160000 204263 79% 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 15% 20000 6% 0 4 2000 12 20% 10% 2 3 14 35596 1000 4 2015 2020 409 107

123 105 181 1000 40-60% 80 2 1 1 2 108

3 6 300 4 1 2 109

3 4 5 110

2004/2008 08 08 50 20 2008 08 08 1 2 3 111

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2002 189.9 60.6 89.4 56.8 [1] 130% 89.4 4% 32% 34% 20% 10% 35 48% 36-45 29% 46-54 20% 55 3% 2/3 2000 2000 213 206 [2] 180.4 11.8 35 T 95% 56.79%-69.68% [3] 2002 480 [3] 270 [1] [2] [3] [3] 2000 2002 I104 112

[1] GDP : 1 2 2 2002 425 969 1 115 773 310 196 2000 2002 11 099 2.54% 2002 22 375 2 [1] =0.111 +71.259 GDP 1 2003 2003 4 2 2003 2003 4 113

114 3 789 49.3 74.6% 3 60% 3

4 27.4% 5 24.9% 38.6% 42.9% 21.7% 18.4 5 30% 2003 15.9 11.8 6.3 53.3% 4.2 35.6% 0.8 7.2% 0.3 2.4% 0.2 1.5% 2000 2001 399 28.16 108 119427 144 90283 141 70856 115

116 10% 35 28% 5% 08 08

117 08 1 1 2

118 3 4 5 E E 2 1 2

119 3 4 5 6 3 1

120 2 3 4 4 08 08

1 1 2004 2 2 2004 6 3 2 2004 2 1 2004 6 2 2004 6 3 1 2004 6 CHRCO / 2 3 4 2004 12 5 6 4 1 2004 2-3 2005-2008 2008 50% 121

2 2004 3 2004 2005 5-10 2006 4 2004 2005 2006 5 2004 2005 5-10 2006 6 2004 7 2005 60% 8 9 10 2004 2008 11 2004 12 2004 2-3 13 2004 14 5 1 2004 2 2004 3 4 122

5 6 1 2004 2 2004 3 2008 7 1 2004 8 2 2004 3 2005 4 2005 5 2005 6 2006 8 1 2004 1-2 2005 2 2006 123

3 2006 9 1 2004 2 2 3 2004 4 2004 10 1 2004 2006 80% 2 2004 3 2004 4 2004-2006 3 50% 5 2006 100 6 80% 11 1 HR 124

2004 3 2004 4-6 2004 7 2 2004 3-5 3 e-hr HR e-hr 4 5 08 08 08 125

1960 1978 GDP 3.86% 4.86% 90 20 40 20 GDP 5000 8000 1994 1992 11 GDP GDP 2010 GDP 10% 126

2001 2020 20 30 20 50 GDP 50 1992 10 GDP 2010 2015 2001 2005 2006 2010 2011 2015 R&D GDP 2 3% R&D 5 10% 500 10% 1983 396.66 1995 6000 14 20 5 20% 80 90 60% 80% 500 10 1995 64% 500 127

128 30% 70% 2015 2010 60% 2020 70%

129 2001 82% 2002 71% 1978 58 100 2 1 GDP4000 GDP6000

130 2003 149.92 149 50.32 80% 40% 80% 20% 110 518 WTO

( ) 131

[1] ( ) 1 1-4 1978 1997 (1992-1997) (2002) 2 1-4 1-4 801 767 827 1500 257 185 171 147 32.1% 24.1% 20.7% 9.8% 25 27 12 9 82 50 48 41 150 108 111 97 1-4 241 760 31.7% 32 13.3% 70 29.0% 139 57.7% 1-4 12 14 3 4 18.2% 19.2% 4.8% 10.0% 18 22 17 13 27.3% 30.1% 27.0% 32.5% 36 37 43 23 54.5% 50.7% 68.2% 57.5% 1. (%) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) ( ) 32 13.3 12 18.2 14 19.2 3 4.8 4 10.0 70 29.0 18 27.3 22 30.1 17 27.0 13 32.5 139 57.7 36 54.5 37 50.7 43 68.2 23 57.5 241 100 66 100 73 100 63 100 40 100 7 8 9 2004 5 2 [2004]83 2004 8 13 [1] 2005 4 20-25 2005 4 1 132

133 2. 1-4 9 8 2 4 9 9 6 9 12 13 12 11 3 1-4

( ) 1 (1) 2004 1978-2004 2004-2020 1978-2004 (2) (3) (4) 134

2 20 80 90 (l) (2) (3) ( ) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 3 2004 5 24 28 [1] 16 ( ) 2004 [2] ( ) 1 20 2 [1] 4 2004 5 [2] [3] 2004 12 24 135

20 50 70 500 85% 80 90 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) [1] (l) (2) (3) 20 90 (Richard Whittington) [1] (Alfred Sloan) 3 2000 10 11 2001 3 15 2002 6 11 2002-2005 2003 12 26 2004 9 19 (1) (2) (3) [1] 15-19 1997 1 [1] [ ] 3 2004 1 136

(4) (5) ( ) 1 2001-2005 (2001) 2002-2005 (2002) (2002) (2003) 21 (2000) (2000) (2002-2004) 2 (1996) (1998) (2001-2010) (2001) 2003-2010 (2003) 2004-2008 (2004) 3 [1] 4 2002 2003 8 5 [2003]24 5 [1] 2000 3 137

1996 2004 (2004) ( ) 1 1989 [1] ( ) ( ) 2 IT 3 2008 2010 1992 2004 6 4 ( ) ( ) [1] 1989 5 138

( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 863 973 ) ( ) ( ) 5 6 3 3 50 1 1-5 5 ( ) 20 80 30 1 2 3 139

140 25 2003 12 4 ( ) 2004 5 ( ) 1 (1) (2) (3) 2 3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) 5

141 6 ( ) 1 (1) (2) (2002-2005) (3) 2 (1) (2) (3) (4)

(5) (6) 2004 6 (1) (2) 2004 3 2008 2010 1992 [1] 2008 1 3000 27 [2] 2004 [3] 4 1998-1999 2003 01 [1] [2] [3] 39 2003 12 2004 6 22 2004 2 17 142

143 02 03 04 AB 05 06 07 08 ( ) 1 20 80 2000 10 2002 ( ) ( )

144 2 3 58.1% 66.9% 35.3% 43.4% 19.9%, 1992 13 2004 40 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

21 K 2 - [1] 1 [1] 2004 11 2004 11 1 145

146, I 1 a. b. c.

a. b. C. D. 4 1 4 Peter Karl kresl : The Determinants of urban competitiveness: A survey North American cities and the Global Economy, SAGE Publications Inter national Educational and professional publisher, Thourands Oaks London New Delhi 1995.P53 147

2 148

149 1 =F

2 1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 / 3.2 3.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 5.1 / 5.2 5.3 150

1 600 50, 2000 2004,, 2 X i = x i x 2 Q x, i x 2 Q X i X i = x x x i x 0i X i X i max x x i 0i x i min X = i x max x min x min x i 3 151

50 1 50 1 2 3 1 152

1 1.1 0.862 2 3 1 1 1.2 0.76 2 4.1 0.619 10 1.3 0.424 35 4.2 0.908 2 1 0.834 2 4.3 0.828 4 2.1 0.803 4 4 0.785 3 2.2 1 1 5.1 / 0.795 12 2.3 0.3 32 5.2 0.33 4 2 0.837 3 5.3 1 1 3.1 0.995 2 5 1 1 3.2 1 1 1 1 3.3 1 1 50 2 1 2 2 4 2 2 1.1 1 1 3 0.95 2 1.2 1 1 4.1 0.713 3 153

1.3 0.452 23 4.2 0.754 3 1 1 1 4.3 0.882 3 2.1 0.803 4 4 0.783 4 2.2 0.608 5 5.1 / 0.608 28 2.3 0.857 2 5.2 0.384 3 2 0.903 2 5.3 0.549 3 3.1 0.922 44 5 0.725 2 3.2 0.923 2 0.979 2 3.3 1 1 50 3 6 50 50 1 3 1.1 0.265 14 3 0.921 4 1.2 0.351 6 4.1 1 1 1.3 0.466 17 4.2 1 1 1 0.441 8 4.3 1 1 2.1 0.702 17 4 1 1 2.2 0.825 3 5.1 / 0.133 46 2.3 0.495 8 5.2 1 1 2 0.805 4 5.3 0.054 37 3.1 0.989 3 5 0.559 15 3.2 0.769 15 0.836 3 3.3 1 1 154

50 4 2 4 2 4 1.1 0.511 6 3 0.863 13 1.2 0.374 4 4.1 0.687 4 1.3 0.457 21 4.2 0.712 4 1 0.547 6 4.3 0.959 2 2.1 0.682 20 4 0.786 2 2.2 0.417 9 5.1 / 0.65 23 2.3 0.27 38 5.2 0.216 7 2 0.545 23 5.3 0.605 2 3.1 0.97 15 5 0.692 3 3.2 0.769 15 0.77 4 3.3 0.846 11 50 5 155

5 1.1 0.323 11 3 0.824 23 1.2 0.192 14 4.1 0.551 14 1.3 0.462 19 4.2 0.545 5 1 0.398 13 4.3 0.822 5 2.1 0.778 9 4 0.639 5 2.2 0.321 22 5.1 / 0.823 10 2.3 0.557 7 5.2 0.16 15 2 0.659 7 5.3 0.433 6 3.1 0.93 38 5 0.666 4 3.2 0.615 38 0.715 5 3.3 0.923 7 6 1 34 6 1.1 0.146 28 3 0.864 12 1.2 0.087 30 4.1 0.577 13 1.3 0.604 2 4.2 0.315 29 1 0.341 17 4.3 0.641 13 2.1 0.628 36 4 0.511 17 2.2 0.884 2 5.1 / 0.507 32 2.3 1 1 5.2 0.162 14 156

2 1 1 5.3 0.09 25 3.1 0.972 13 5 0.357 34 3.2 0.769 15 0.69 6 3.3 0.846 11 7 4 7 1.1 0.55 5 3 0.906 6 1.2 0.381 3 4.1 0.451 28 1.3 0.477 13 4.2 0.319 28 1 0.574 4 4.3 0.612 18 2.1 0.648 26 4 0.461 24 2.2 0.401 14 5.1 / 0.609 27 2.3 0.25 40 5.2 0.215 8 2 0.517 27 5.3 0.321 13 3.1 0.943 24 5 0.539 17 3.2 0.923 2 0.672 7 3.3 0.846 11 50 8 157

50 8 1.1 0.339 9 3 0.794 32 1.2 0.271 9 4.1 0.464 23 1.3 0.451 24 4.2 0.333 24 1 0.433 9 4.3 0.5 31 2.1 1 1 4 0.432 29 2.2 0.357 17 5.1 / 0.813 11 2.3 0.423 12 5.2 0.12 28 2 0.709 6 5.3 0.32 14 3.1 0.84 50 5 0.59 11 3.2 0.846 4 0.664 8 3.3 0.692 31 9 5 50 8 158

9 1.1 0.574 4 3 0.899 7 1.2 0.362 5 4.1 0.414 34 1.3 0.428 32 4.2 0.23 41 1 0.556 5 4.3 0.442 44 2.1 0.719 16 4 0.362 41 2.2 0.404 12 5.1 / 0.652 22 2.3 0.384 17 5.2 0.085 41 2 0.6 14 5.3 0.409 8 3.1 0.923 43 5 0.539 16 3.2 0.846 4 0.663 9 3.3 0.923 7 50 10 10 1.1 0.371 7 3 0.775 35 1.2 0.234 11 4.1 0.449 30 1.3 0.443 26 4.2 0.417 11 1 0.427 10 4.3 0.727 9 2.1 0.778 9 4 0.531 15 2.2 0.436 8 5.1 / 0.639 25 2.3 0.358 25 5.2 0.125 24 2 0.626 11 5.3 0.433 6 3.1 0.938 30 5 0.563 14 3.2 0.692 30 0.656 10 159

3.3 0.692 31, 50 11 15 3 23 11 1.1 0.209 18 3 0.821 25 1.2 0.227 12 4.1 0.508 17 1.3 0.476 14 4.2 0.465 8 1 0.372 15 4.3 0.6 19 2.1 0.806 3 4 0.524 16 2.2 0.292 25 5.1 / 0.721 17 2.3 0.47 9 5.2 0.129 23 2 0.624 12 5.3 0.185 17 3.1 0.922 44 5 0.487 20 3.2 0.769 15 0.635 11 3.3 0.769 20 50 12 4 160

12 1.1 0.329 10 3 0.858 14 1.2 0.179 15 4.1 0.467 22 1.3 0.406 42 4.2 0.363 19 1 0.373 14 4.3 0.53 26 2.1 0.625 37 4 0.453 26 2.2 0.339 19 5.1 / 0.77 15 2.3 0.316 30 5.2 0.074 46 2 0.51 29 5.3 0.499 4 3.1 0.955 19 5 0.632 8 3.2 0.692 30 0.634 12 3.3 0.923 7 50 13 8 50 13 1.1 0.178 24 3 0.825 22 1.2 0.098 25 4.1 0.525 15 1.3 0.556 8 4.2 0.452 9 1 0.339 18 4.3 0.815 6 2.1 0.638 30 4 0.597 6 2.2 0.367 16 5.1 / 0.557 30 2.3 0.584 4 5.2 0.211 9 2 0.633 10 5.3 0.099 21 161

3.1 0.933 32 5 0.408 28 3.2 0.769 15 0.629 13 3.3 0.769 20 50 14 13 6 4 14 1.1 0.179 23 3 0.735 43 1.2 0.135 17 4.1 0.608 11 1.3 0.44 28 4.2 0.516 6 1 0.308 26 4.3 0.473 37 2.1 0.777 11 4 0.532 13 2.2 0.265 33 5.1 / 0.954 4 2.3 0.351 27 5.2 0.099 35 2 0.555 20 5.3 0.336 12 3.1 0.971 14 5 0.654 6 3.2 0.692 30 0.624 14 3.3 0.538 42 15 5 162

5 40 9 15 1.1 0.704 3 3 0.748 42 1.2 0.323 7 4.1 0.393 36 1.3 0.413 39 4.2 0.158 47 1 0.587 3 4.3 0.441 45 2.1 0.618 40 4 0.331 46 2.2 0.404 12 5.1 / 0.502 33 2.3 0.578 5 5.2 0.048 50 2 0.637 9 5.3 0.377 9 3.1 0.933 32 5 0.436 25 3.2 0.692 30 0.615 15 3.3 0.615 39 50 16 25 22 16 1.1 0.145 29 3 0.805 28 163

1.2 0.133 19 4.1 0.653 7 1.3 0.478 12 4.2 0.383 16 1 0.308 25 4.3 0.566 23 2.1 0.634 31 4 0.534 12 2.2 0.288 30 5.1 /1 1 2.3 0.455 10 5.2 0.08 43 2 0.548 22 5.3 0.062 32 3.1 0.942 27 5 0.537 18 3.2 0.7 29 0.613 16 3.3 0.769 20 17 37 50 5 17 1.1 0.368 8 3 0.799 31 1.2 0.219 13 4.1 0.377 42 1.3 0.425 34 4.2 0.303 31 1 0.413 11 4.3 0.445 43 2.1 0.625 37 4 0.375 38 2.2 0.353 18 5.1 / 0.741 16 2.3 0.404 13 5.2 0.056 48 2 0.55 21 5.3 0.451 5 3.1 0.931 37 5 0.587 12 3.2 0.692 30 0.611 17 3.3 0.769 20 164

50 18 7 18 1.1 0.317 12 3 0.856 15 1.2 0.242 10 4.1 0.621 9 1.3 0.6 3 4.2 0.405 13 1 0.473 7 4.3 0.568 22 2.1 0.672 21 4 0.531 14 2.2 0.204 42 5.1 / 0.189 44 2.3 0.772 3 5.2 0.21 10 2 0.656 8 5.3 0.022 42 3.1 0.949 20 5 0.198 46 3.2 0.769 15 0.609 18 3.3 0.846 11 50 19 165

19 1.1 0.19 20 3 0.791 33 1.2 0.151 16 4.1 0.47 21 1.3 0.475 15 4.2 0.346 21 1 0.333 19 4.3 0.585 21 2.1 0.724 15 4 0.467 22 2.2 0.289 28 5.1 / 0.864 8 2.3 0.334 29 5.2 0.186 11 2 0.536 24 5.3 0.184 18 3.1 0.909 47 5 0.581 13 3.2 0.769 15 0.608 19 3.3 0.692 31 50 20 15 20 1.1 0.249 15 3 0.803 29 1.2 0.132 20 4.1 0.463 24 1.3 0.42 37 4.2 0.402 14 1 0.327 20 4.3 0.557 25 2.1 0.727 14 4 0.474 20 2.2 0.272 31 5.1 / 0.829 9 2.3 0.273 37 5.2 0.098 36 2 0.506 31 5.3 0.184 18 166

3.1 0.943 24 5 0.523 19 3.2 0.769 15 0.591 20 3.3 0.692 31 50 21 16 21 1.1 0.221 16 3 0.817 26 1.2 0.282 8 4.1 0.501 18 1.3 0.384 46 4.2 0.337 22 1 0.362 16 4.3 0.425 47 2.1 0.773 12 4 0.421 31 2.2 0.308 23 5.1 / 0.793 13 2.3 0.24 41 5.2 0.133 21 2 0.526 26 5.3 0.093 24 3.1 0.987 4 5 0.48 21 3.2 0.769 15 0.585 21 3.3 0.692 31 14 50 22 167

22 1.1 0.053 47 3 0.856 15 1.2 0.049 41 4.1 0.391 39 1.3 0.437 29 4.2 0.283 33 1 0.22 44 4.3 0.495 32 2.1 0.741 13 4 0.39 35 2.2 0.768 4 5.1 / 0.703 19 2.3 0.292 35 5.2 0.131 22 2 0.717 5 5.3 0.054 37 3.1 0.949 20 5 0.418 26 3.2 0.846 4 0.583 22 3.3 0.769 20 50 23 23 168

1.1 0.155 26 3 0.714 44 1.2 0.112 22 4.1 0.428 33 1.3 0.51 11 4.2 0.415 12 1 0.317 22 4.3 0.473 37 2.1 0.622 39 4 0.439 27 2.2 0.409 11 5.1 / 0.892 6 2.3 0.202 45 5.2 0.103 33 2 0.491 33 5.3 0.363 10 3.1 0.986 5 5 0.639 7 3.2 0.615 38 0.583 23 3.3 0.538 42 50 24 21 2 24 1.1 0.216 17 3 0.828 21 1.2 0.135 17 4.1 0.392 37 1.3 0.432 30 4.2 0.296 32 1 0.319 21 4.3 0.505 30 2.1 0.874 2 4 0.398 34 2.2 0.329 20 5.1 / 0.706 18 2.3 0.364 22 5.2 0.08 43 2 0.624 13 5.3 0.084 26 3.1 0.942 27 5 0.409 27 3.2 0.846 4 0.579 24 169

3.3 0.692 31 25 50 5 25 1.1 0.151 27 3 0.787 34 1.2 0.096 28 4.1 0.371 43 1.3 0.426 33 4.2 0.383 16 1 0.274 34 4.3 0.463 39 2.1 0.578 42 4 0.406 33 2.2 0.413 10 5.1 / 0.956 3 2.3 0.127 49 5.2 0.111 29 2 0.445 42 5.3 0.34 11 3.1 0.973 12 5 0.662 5 3.2 0.692 30 0.578 25 3.3 0.692 31 50 26 170

2 26 1.1 0.122 34 3 0.655 48 1.2 0.096 28 4.1 0.729 2 1.3 0.409 40 4.2 0.466 7 1 0.256 38 4.3 0.519 28 2.1 0.8 6 4 0.571 8 2.2 0.291 26 5.1 / 0.783 14 2.3 0.397 15 5.2 0.138 20 2 0.592 15 5.3 0.06 34 3.1 0.963 18 5 0.462 23 3.2 0.538 47 0.569 26 3.3 0.462 48 50 27 50 50 2 27 1.1 0.133 31 3 0.876 10 1.2 0.083 31 4.1 0.329 46 171

1.3 0.35 50 4.2 0.327 25 1 0.231 43 4.3 0.49 34 2.1 0.618 40 4 0.382 37 2.2 0.207 41 5.1 / 0.979 2 2.3 0.216 44 5.2 0.053 49 2 0.414 46 5.3 0.306 15 3.1 0.932 35 5 0.63 9 3.2 0.846 4 0.568 27 3.3 0.846 11 50 28 28 1.1 0.113 36 3 0.697 46 1.2 0.065 37 4.1 0.44 31 1.3 0.361 49 4.2 0.377 18 1 0.22 45 4.3 0.491 33 2.1 0.8 6 4 0.436 28 2.2 0.377 15 5.1 / 0.939 5 2.3 0.224 42 5.2 0.092 39 2 0.558 19 5.3 0.237 16 3.1 0.934 31 5 0.597 10 3.2 0.615 38 0.563 28 3.3 0.538 42 172

50 29 27 19 2 29 1.1 0.287 13 3 0.841 19 1.2 0.047 43 4.1 0.666 6 1.3 0.407 41 4.2 0.323 26 1 0.302 27 4.3 0.728 8 2.1 0.531 49 4 0.572 7 2.2 0.539 6 5.1 / 0.057 50 2.3 0.363 23 5.2 0.387 2 2 0.57 17 5.3 0.02 44 3.1 0.98 9 5 0.218 43 3.2 0.769 15 0.562 29 3.3 0.769 20, 30 33 44 10 173

5 30 1.1 0.124 33 3 0.814 27 1.2 0.107 23 4.1 0.644 8 1.3 0.453 22 4.2 0.35 20 1 0.279 33 4.3 0.613 17 2.1 0.641 29 4 0.536 10 2.2 0.3 24 5.1 / 0.463 37 2.3 0.172 47 5.2 0.296 5 2 0.443 44 5.3 0.06 34 3.1 0.976 11 5 0.385 30 3.2 0.692 30 0.551 30 3.3 0.769 20 31 40 31 1.1 0.182 22 3 0.702 45 1.2 0.121 21 4.1 0.457 25 1.3 0.691 1 4.2 0.337 22 1 0.405 12 4.3 0.628 14 2.1 0.695 18 4 0.474 20 2.2 0.291 26 5.1 / 0.355 41 174

2.3 0.445 11 5.2 0.164 13 2 0.57 18 5.3 0.099 21 3.1 0.949 20 5 0.291 40 3.2 0.615 38 0.548 31 3.3 0.538 42 32 5 29 32 1.1 0.119 35 3 0.84 20 1.2 0.076 33 4.1 0.413 35 1.3 0.568 5 4.2 0.232 40 1 0.311 23 4.3 0.458 40 2.1 0.656 23 4 0.368 40 2.2 0.256 34 5.1 / 0.68 21 2.3 0.383 18 5.2 0.094 38 2 0.516 28 5.3 0.056 36 3.1 0.901 48 5 0.391 29 3.2 0.615 38 0.544 32 3.3 1 1 50 33 28 175

33 1.1 0.169 25 3 0.77 38 1.2 0.097 27 4.1 0.455 27 1.3 0.468 16 4.2 0.248 38 1 0.299 28 4.3 0.589 20 2.1 0.634 31 4 0.431 30 2.2 0.269 32 5.1 / 0.412 39 2.3 0.573 6 5.2 0.108 31 2 0.588 16 5.3 0.078 27 3.1 0.922 44 5 0.281 41 3.2 0.846 4 0.532 33 3.3 0.538 42 50 34 50 34 176

1.1 0.047 49 3 0.851 18 1.2 0.028 50 4.1 0.436 32 1.3 0.442 27 4.2 0.425 10 1 0.211 46 4.3 0.622 15 2.1 0.578 42 4 0.494 19 2.2 0.183 48 5.1 / 0.591 29 2.3 0.355 26 5.2 0.139 19 2 0.444 43 5.3 0.032 40 3.1 0.933 32 5 0.359 33 3.2 0.846 4 0.529 34 3.3 0.769 20 35 35 5 9 47 35 1.1 0.073 44 3 0.917 5 1.2 0.098 25 4.1 0.607 12 1.3 0.423 36 4.2 0.4 15 1 0.242 40 4.3 0.618 16 2.1 0.644 28 4 0.542 9 2.2 0.202 43 5.1 / 0.084 48 2.3 0.367 20 5.2 0.263 6 2 0.483 35 5.3 0.012 49 3.1 0.978 10 5 0.169 47 3.2 0.769 15 0.528 35 3.3 1 1 177

36 9 36 1.1 0.135 30 3 0.887 9 1.2 0.103 24 4.1 0.677 5 1.3 0.464 18 4.2 0.273 34 1 0.286 32 4.3 0.656 12 2.1 0.558 47 4 0.535 11 2.2 0.326 21 5.1 / 0.082 49 2.3 0.388 16 5.2 0.184 12 2 0.506 30 5.3 0.023 41 3.1 0.966 17 5 0.136 49 3.2 0.846 4 0.528 36 3.3 0.846 11 37 10 178

37 1.1 0.183 21 3 0.643 50 1.2 0.079 32 4.1 0.456 26 1.3 0.444 25 4.2 0.321 27 1 0.288 30 4.3 0.744 7 2.1 0.695 18 4 0.507 18 2.2 0.251 35 5.1 / 0.496 34 2.3 0.3 32 5.2 0.153 17 2 0.496 32 5.3 0.099 21 3.1 0.926 41 5 0.352 35 3.2 0.615 38 0.513 37 3.3 0.385 50 50 38 3 38 1.1 0.089 40 3 0.894 8 1.2 0.074 35 4.1 0.51 16 1.3 0.6 3 4.2 0.197 43 1 0.311 23 4.3 0.455 41 2.1 0.531 49 4 0.387 36 179

2.2 0.51 7 5.1 / 0.163 45 2.3 0.303 31 5.2 0.122 26 2 0.535 25 5.3 0.018 45 3.1 0.985 6 5 0.143 48 3.2 0.769 15 0.509 38 3.3 0.923 7 39 17 4 50 39 1.1 0.096 39 3 0.854 17 1.2 0.048 42 4.1 0.313 48 1.3 0.563 6 4.2 0.161 46 1 0.288 29 4.3 0.397 50 2.1 0.655 24 4 0.29 50 2.2 0.208 40 5.1 / 0.64 24 2.3 0.299 34 5.2 0.102 34 2 0.463 39 5.3 0.052 39 3.1 0.942 27 5 0.374 32 3.2 0.846 4 0.509 39 3.3 0.769 20 50 40 180

50 4 40 1.1 0.084 41 3 0.873 11 1.2 0.065 37 4.1 0.487 19 1.3 0.459 20 4.2 0.15 49 1 0.248 39 4.3 0.427 46 2.1 0.575 45 4 0.355 42 2.2 0.22 36 5.1 / 0.45 38 2.3 0.402 14 5.2 0.156 16 2 0.477 36 5.3 0.013 48 3.1 1 1 5 0.291 39 3.2 0.846 4 0.503 40 3.3 0.769 20, 50 41 7 11 41 1.1 0.06 46 3 0.822 24 181

1.2 0.029 49 4.1 0.45 29 1.3 0.557 7 4.2 0.252 37 1 0.263 37 4.3 0.666 11 2.1 0.551 48 4 0.456 25 2.2 0.209 39 5.1 / 0.379 40 2.3 0.348 28 5.2 0.123 25 2 0.441 45 5.3 0.012 49 3.1 0.925 42 5 0.242 42 3.2 0.692 30 0.499 41 3.3 0.846 11 50 42 35 42 1.1 0.081 42 3 0.683 47 1.2 0.065 37 4.1 0.385 41 1.3 0.525 9 4.2 0.238 39 1 0.274 35 4.3 0.486 35 2.1 0.645 27 4 0.37 39 2.2 0.21 38 5.1 / 0.681 20 2.3 0.29 36 5.2 0.111 29 2 0.456 40 5.3 0.138 20 3.1 0.97 15 5 0.438 24 3.2 0.538 47 0.498 42 3.3 0.538 42 182

43 50 1 4 43 1.1 0.042 50 3 0.944 3 1.2 0.033 48 4.1 0.388 40 1.3 0.431 31 4.2 0.257 36 1 0.206 47 4.3 0.401 48 2.1 0.66 22 4 0.349 44 2.2 0.193 46 5.1 / 0.516 31 2.3 0.168 48 5.2 0.122 26 2 0.406 48 5.3 0.017 46 3.1 0.981 8 5 0.308 37 3.2 0.846 4 0.497 43 3.3 1 1 50 44 50 183

44 1.1 0.062 45 3 0.773 36 1.2 0.035 47 4.1 0.392 37 1.3 0.393 45 4.2 0.312 30 1 0.2 49 4.3 0.53 26 2.1 0.634 31 4 0.411 32 2.2 0.186 47 5.1 / 0.627 26 2.3 0.09 50 5.2 0.098 36 2 0.362 50 5.3 0.078 27 3.1 0.932 35 5 0.378 31 3.2 0.769 15 0.477 44 3.3 0.615 39 45 48 39 43 36 45 1.1 0.081 42 3 0.772 37 1.2 0.041 44 4.1 0.342 44 1.3 0.378 47 4.2 0.192 44 1 0.204 48 4.3 0.518 29 2.1 0.634 31 4 0.351 43 2.2 0.202 43 5.1 / 0.478 36 2.3 0.359 24 5.2 0.106 32 2 0.476 37 5.3 0.078 27 184

3.1 0.928 39 5 0.312 36 3.2 0.769 15 0.474 45 3.3 0.615 39 50 46 8 43 31 46 1.1 0.104 38 3 0.803 29 1.2 0.074 35 4.1 0.249 50 1.3 0.525 9 4.2 0.258 35 1 0.287 31 4.3 0.477 36 2.1 0.779 8 4 0.328 47 2.2 0.071 50 5.1 / 0.284 43 2.3 0.38 19 5.2 0.08 43 2 0.49 34 5.3 0.075 31 3.1 0.943 24 5 0.207 45 3.2 0.615 38 0.474 46 3.3 0.846 11 47 47 185

50 50 38 47 1.1 0.126 32 3 0.759 40 1.2 0.061 40 4.1 0.292 49 1.3 0.405 43 4.2 0.147 50 1 0.241 41 4.3 0.564 24 2.1 0.633 35 4 0.334 45 2.2 0.211 37 5.1 / 0.484 35 2.3 0.179 46 5.2 0.084 42 2 0.407 47 5.3 0.078 27 3.1 0.928 39 5 0.304 38 3.2 0.5 50 0.459 47 3.3 0.846 11 48 7 50 48 1.1 0.113 36 3 0.764 39 1.2 0.04 45 4.1 0.478 20 1.3 0.42 37 4.2 0.203 42 186

1 0.234 42 4.3 0.702 10 2.1 0.578 42 4 0.461 23 2.2 0.201 45 5.1 / 0.102 47 2.3 0.365 21 5.2 0.146 18 2 0.455 41 5.3 0.015 47 3.1 0.982 7 5 0.124 50 3.2 0.615 38 0.457 48 3.3 0.692 31 49 35 38 47 48 48 40 44 49 1.1 0.194 19 3 0.753 41 1.2 0.075 34 4.1 0.334 45 1.3 0.402 44 4.2 0.158 47 1 0.274 35 4.3 0.454 42 2.1 0.655 24 4 0.315 48 2.2 0.289 28 5.1 / 0.345 42 2.3 0.22 43 5.2 0.088 40 2 0.463 38 5.3 0.022 42 3.1 0.949 20 5 0.214 44 3.2 0.538 47 0.453 49 3.3 0.769 20 187

50 50 49 49 49 50 1.1 0.05 48 3 0.649 49 1.2 0.036 46 4.1 0.327 47 1.3 0.371 48 4.2 0.192 44 1 0.186 50 4.3 0.4 49 2.1 0.57 46 4 0.306 49 2.2 0.133 49 5.1 / 0.883 7 2.3 0.262 39 5.2 0.067 47 2 0.384 49 5.3 0.062 32 3.1 0.866 49 5 0.476 22 3.2 0.615 38 0.449 50 3.3 0.462 48 188

50 1 1 3 5 2 4 1 2 3 4 5 0.834 2 0.837 3 1 1 0.785 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.903 2 0.95 2 0.783 4 0.725 2 0.979 2 0.441 8 0.805 4 0.921 4 1 1 0.559 15 0.836 3 0.547 6 0.545 23 0.863 13 0.786 2 0.692 3 0.77 4 0.398 13 0.659 7 0.824 23 0.639 5 0.666 4 0.715 5 0.341 17 1 1 0.864 12 0.511 17 0.357 34 0.69 6 0.574 4 0.517 27 0.906 6 0.461 24 0.539 17 0.672 7 0.433 9 0.709 6 0.794 32 0.432 29 0.59 11 0.664 8 0.556 5 0.6 14 0.899 7 0.362 41 0.539 16 0.663 9 0.427 10 0.626 11 0.775 35 0.531 15 0.563 14 0.656 10 0.372 15 0.624 12 0.821 25 0.524 16 0.487 20 0.635 11 0.373 14 0.51 29 0.858 14 0.453 26 0.632 8 0.634 12 1 189

0.339 18 0.633 10 0.825 22 0.597 6 0.408 28 0.629 13 0.308 26 0.555 20 0.735 43 0.532 13 0.654 6 0.624 14 0.587 3 0.637 9 0.748 42 0.331 46 0.436 25 0.615 15 0.308 25 0.548 22 0.805 28 0.534 12 0.537 18 0.613 16 0.413 11 0.55 21 0.799 31 0.375 38 0.587 12 0.611 17 0.473 7 0.656 8 0.856 15 0.531 14 0.198 46 0.609 18 0.333 19 0.536 24 0.791 33 0.467 22 0.581 13 0.608 19 0.327 20 0.506 31 0.803 29 0.474 20 0.523 19 0.591 20 0.362 16 0.526 26 0.817 26 0.421 31 0.48 21 0.585 21 0.22 44 0.717 5 0.856 15 0.39 35 0.418 26 0.583 22 0.317 22 0.491 33 0.714 44 0.439 27 0.639 7 0.583 23 0.319 21 0.624 13 0.828 21 0.398 34 0.409 27 0.579 24 0.274 34 0.445 42 0.787 34 0.406 33 0.662 5 0.578 25 0.256 38 0.592 15 0.655 48 0.571 8 0.462 23 0.569 26 0.231 43 0.414 46 0.876 10 0.382 37 0.63 9 0.568 27 0.22 45 0.558 19 0.697 46 0.436 28 0.597 10 0.563 28 0.302 27 0.57 17 0.841 19 0.572 7 0.218 43 0.562 29 0.279 33 0.443 44 0.814 27 0.536 10 0.385 30 0.551 30 0.405 12 0.57 18 0.702 45 0.474 20 0.291 40 0.548 31 0.311 23 0.516 28 0.84 20 0.368 40 0.391 29 0.544 32 0.299 28 0.588 16 0.77 38 0.431 30 0.281 41 0.532 33 0.211 46 0.444 43 0.851 18 0.494 19 0.359 33 0.529 34 0.242 40 0.483 35 0.917 5 0.542 9 0.169 47 0.528 35 0.286 32 0.506 30 0.887 9 0.535 11 0.136 49 0.528 36 0.288 30 0.496 32 0.643 50 0.507 18 0.352 35 0.513 37 0.311 23 0.535 25 0.894 8 0.387 36 0.143 48 0.509 38 0.288 29 0.463 39 0.854 17 0.29 50 0.374 32 0.509 39 0.248 39 0.477 36 0.873 11 0.355 42 0.291 39 0.503 40 0.263 37 0.441 45 0.822 24 0.456 25 0.242 42 0.499 41 0.274 35 0.456 40 0.683 47 0.37 39 0.438 24 0.498 42 0.206 47 0.406 48 0.944 3 0.349 44 0.308 37 0.497 43 0.2 49 0.362 50 0.773 36 0.411 32 0.378 31 0.477 44 0.204 48 0.476 37 0.772 37 0.351 43 0.312 36 0.474 45 0.287 31 0.49 34 0.803 29 0.328 47 0.207 45 0.474 46 0.241 41 0.407 47 0.759 40 0.334 45 0.304 38 0.459 47 0.234 42 0.455 41 0.764 39 0.461 23 0.124 50 0.457 48 0.274 35 0.463 38 0.753 41 0.315 48 0.214 44 0.453 49 0.186 50 0.384 49 0.649 49 0.306 49 0.476 22 0.449 50 190

1.2 1.3 1.1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1 0.862 2 0.76 2 0.424 35 0.834 2 1 1 1 1 0.452 23 1 1 0.265 14 0.351 6 0.466 17 0.441 8 0.511 6 0.374 4 0.457 21 0.547 6 0.323 11 0.192 14 0.462 19 0.398 13 0.146 28 0.087 30 0.604 2 0.341 17 0.55 5 0.381 3 0.477 13 0.574 4 0.339 9 0.271 9 0.451 24 0.433 9 0.574 4 0.362 5 0.428 32 0.556 5 0.371 7 0.234 11 0.443 26 0.427 10 0.209 18 0.227 12 0.476 14 0.372 15 0.329 10 0.179 15 0.406 42 0.373 14 0.178 24 0.098 25 0.556 8 0.339 18 0.179 23 0.135 17 0.44 28 0.308 26 0.704 3 0.323 7 0.413 39 0.587 3 0.145 29 0.133 19 0.478 12 0.308 25 0.368 8 0.219 13 0.425 34 0.413 11 0.317 12 0.242 10 0.6 3 0.473 7 0.19 20 0.151 16 0.475 15 0.333 19 0.249 15 0.132 20 0.42 37 0.327 20 0.221 16 0.282 8 0.384 46 0.362 16 0.053 47 0.049 41 0.437 29 0.22 44 0.155 26 0.112 22 0.51 11 0.317 22 0.216 17 0.135 17 0.432 30 0.319 21 0.151 27 0.096 28 0.426 33 0.274 34 0.122 34 0.096 28 0.409 40 0.256 38 0.133 31 0.083 31 0.35 50 0.231 43 0.113 36 0.065 37 0.361 49 0.22 45 0.287 13 0.047 43 0.407 41 0.302 27 0.124 33 0.107 23 0.453 22 0.279 33 0.182 22 0.121 21 0.691 1 0.405 12 0.119 35 0.076 33 0.568 5 0.311 23 0.169 25 0.097 27 0.468 16 0.299 28 0.047 49 0.028 50 0.442 27 0.211 46 0.073 44 0.098 25 0.423 36 0.242 40 0.135 30 0.103 24 0.464 18 0.286 32 0.183 21 0.079 32 0.444 25 0.288 30 0.089 40 0.074 35 0.6 3 0.311 23 0.096 39 0.048 42 0.563 6 0.288 29 191

0.084 41 0.065 37 0.459 20 0.248 39 0.06 46 0.029 49 0.557 7 0.263 37 0.081 42 0.065 37 0.525 9 0.274 35 0.042 50 0.033 48 0.431 31 0.206 47 0.062 45 0.035 47 0.393 45 0.2 49 0.081 42 0.041 44 0.378 47 0.204 48 0.104 38 0.074 35 0.525 9 0.287 31 0.126 32 0.061 40 0.405 43 0.241 41 0.113 36 0.04 45 0.42 37 0.234 42 0.194 19 0.075 34 0.402 44 0.274 35 0.05 48 0.036 46 0.371 48 0.186 50 2.1 2.2 2.3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2 0.803 4 1 1 0.3 32 0.837 3 0.803 4 0.608 5 0.857 2 0.903 2 0.702 17 0.825 3 0.495 8 0.805 4 0.682 20 0.417 9 0.27 38 0.545 23 0.778 9 0.321 22 0.557 7 0.659 7 0.628 36 0.884 2 1 1 1 1 0.648 26 0.401 14 0.25 40 0.517 27 1 1 0.357 17 0.423 12 0.709 6 0.719 16 0.404 12 0.384 17 0.6 14 0.778 9 0.436 8 0.358 25 0.626 11 0.806 3 0.292 25 0.47 9 0.624 12 0.625 37 0.339 19 0.316 30 0.51 29 0.638 30 0.367 16 0.584 4 0.633 10 0.777 11 0.265 33 0.351 27 0.555 20 0.618 40 0.404 12 0.578 5 0.637 9 0.634 31 0.288 30 0.455 10 0.548 22 0.625 37 0.353 18 0.404 13 0.55 21 0.672 21 0.204 42 0.772 3 0.656 8 0.724 15 0.289 28 0.334 29 0.536 24 0.727 14 0.272 31 0.273 37 0.506 31 0.773 12 0.308 23 0.24 41 0.526 26 0.741 13 0.768 4 0.292 35 0.717 5 0.622 39 0.409 11 0.202 45 0.491 33 0.874 2 0.329 20 0.364 22 0.624 13 0.578 42 0.413 10 0.127 49 0.445 42 0.8 6 0.291 26 0.397 15 0.592 15 0.618 40 0.207 41 0.216 44 0.414 46 192

0.8 6 0.377 15 0.224 42 0.558 19 0.531 49 0.539 6 0.363 23 0.57 17 0.641 29 0.3 24 0.172 47 0.443 44 0.695 18 0.291 26 0.445 11 0.57 18 0.656 23 0.256 34 0.383 18 0.516 28 0.634 31 0.269 32 0.573 6 0.588 16 0.578 42 0.183 48 0.355 26 0.444 43 0.644 28 0.202 43 0.367 20 0.483 35 0.558 47 0.326 21 0.388 16 0.506 30 0.695 18 0.251 35 0.3 32 0.496 32 0.531 49 0.51 7 0.303 31 0.535 25 0.655 24 0.208 40 0.299 34 0.463 39 0.575 45 0.22 36 0.402 14 0.477 36 0.551 48 0.209 39 0.348 28 0.441 45 0.645 27 0.21 38 0.29 36 0.456 40 0.66 22 0.193 46 0.168 48 0.406 48 0.634 31 0.186 47 0.09 50 0.362 50 0.634 31 0.202 43 0.359 24 0.476 37 0.779 8 0.071 50 0.38 19 0.49 34 0.633 35 0.211 37 0.179 46 0.407 47 0.578 42 0.201 45 0.365 21 0.455 41 0.655 24 0.289 28 0.22 43 0.463 38 0.57 46 0.133 49 0.262 39 0.384 49 3.2 3.3 3 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3 0.995 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.922 44 0.923 2 1 1 0.95 2 0.989 3 0.769 15 1 1 0.921 4 0.97 15 0.769 15 0.846 11 0.863 13 0.93 38 0.615 38 0.923 7 0.824 23 0.972 13 0.769 15 0.846 11 0.864 12 0.943 24 0.923 2 0.846 11 0.906 6 0.84 50 0.846 4 0.692 31 0.794 32 0.923 43 0.846 4 0.923 7 0.899 7 0.938 30 0.692 30 0.692 31 0.775 35 0.922 44 0.769 15 0.769 20 0.821 25 0.955 19 0.692 30 0.923 7 0.858 14 0.933 32 0.769 15 0.769 20 0.825 22 0.971 14 0.692 30 0.538 42 0.735 43 193

0.933 32 0.692 30 0.615 39 0.748 42 0.942 27 0.7 29 0.769 20 0.805 28 0.931 37 0.692 30 0.769 20 0.799 31 0.949 20 0.769 15 0.846 11 0.856 15 0.909 47 0.769 15 0.692 31 0.791 33 0.943 24 0.769 15 0.692 31 0.803 29 0.987 4 0.769 15 0.692 31 0.817 26 0.949 20 0.846 4 0.769 20 0.856 15 0.986 5 0.615 38 0.538 42 0.714 44 0.942 27 0.846 4 0.692 31 0.828 21 0.973 12 0.692 30 0.692 31 0.787 34 0.963 18 0.538 47 0.462 48 0.655 48 0.932 35 0.846 4 0.846 11 0.876 10 0.934 31 0.615 38 0.538 42 0.697 46 0.98 9 0.769 15 0.769 20 0.841 19 0.976 11 0.692 30 0.769 20 0.814 27 0.949 20 0.615 38 0.538 42 0.702 45 0.901 48 0.615 38 1 1 0.84 20 0.922 44 0.846 4 0.538 42 0.77 38 0.933 32 0.846 4 0.769 20 0.851 18 0.978 10 0.769 15 1 1 0.917 5 0.966 17 0.846 4 0.846 11 0.887 9 0.926 41 0.615 38 0.385 50 0.643 50 0.985 6 0.769 15 0.923 7 0.894 8 0.942 27 0.846 4 0.769 20 0.854 17 1 1 0.846 4 0.769 20 0.873 11 0.925 42 0.692 30 0.846 11 0.822 24 0.97 15 0.538 47 0.538 42 0.683 47 0.981 8 0.846 4 1 1 0.944 3 0.932 35 0.769 15 0.615 39 0.773 36 0.928 39 0.769 15 0.615 39 0.772 37 0.943 24 0.615 38 0.846 11 0.803 29 0.928 39 0.5 50 0.846 11 0.759 40 0.982 7 0.615 38 0.692 31 0.764 39 0.949 20 0.538 47 0.769 20 0.753 41 0.866 49 0.615 38 0.462 48 0.649 49 4.1 4.2 4.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4 0.619 10 0.908 2 0.828 4 0.785 3 194

0.713 3 0.754 3 0.882 3 0.783 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.687 4 0.712 4 0.959 2 0.786 2 0.551 14 0.545 5 0.822 5 0.639 5 0.577 13 0.315 29 0.641 13 0.511 17 0.451 28 0.319 28 0.612 18 0.461 24 0.464 23 0.333 24 0.5 31 0.432 29 0.414 34 0.23 41 0.442 44 0.362 41 0.449 30 0.417 11 0.727 9 0.531 15 0.508 17 0.465 8 0.6 19 0.524 16 0.467 22 0.363 19 0.53 26 0.453 26 0.525 15 0.452 9 0.815 6 0.597 6 0.608 11 0.516 6 0.473 37 0.532 13 0.393 36 0.158 47 0.441 45 0.331 46 0.653 7 0.383 16 0.566 23 0.534 12 0.377 42 0.303 31 0.445 43 0.375 38 0.621 9 0.405 13 0.568 22 0.531 14 0.47 21 0.346 21 0.585 21 0.467 22 0.463 24 0.402 14 0.557 25 0.474 20 0.501 18 0.337 22 0.425 47 0.421 31 0.391 39 0.283 33 0.495 32 0.39 35 0.428 33 0.415 12 0.473 37 0.439 27 0.392 37 0.296 32 0.505 30 0.398 34 0.371 43 0.383 16 0.463 39 0.406 33 0.729 2 0.466 7 0.519 28 0.571 8 0.329 46 0.327 25 0.49 34 0.382 37 0.44 31 0.377 18 0.491 33 0.436 28 0.666 6 0.323 26 0.728 8 0.572 7 0.644 8 0.35 20 0.613 17 0.536 10 0.457 25 0.337 22 0.628 14 0.474 20 0.413 35 0.232 40 0.458 40 0.368 40 0.455 27 0.248 38 0.589 20 0.431 30 0.436 32 0.425 10 0.622 15 0.494 19 0.607 12 0.4 15 0.618 16 0.542 9 0.677 5 0.273 34 0.656 12 0.535 11 0.456 26 0.321 27 0.744 7 0.507 18 0.51 16 0.197 43 0.455 41 0.387 36 0.313 48 0.161 46 0.397 50 0.29 50 0.487 19 0.15 49 0.427 46 0.355 42 0.45 29 0.252 37 0.666 11 0.456 25 0.385 41 0.238 39 0.486 35 0.37 39 0.388 40 0.257 36 0.401 48 0.349 44 195

0.392 37 0.312 30 0.53 26 0.411 32 0.342 44 0.192 44 0.518 29 0.351 43 0.249 50 0.258 35 0.477 36 0.328 47 0.292 49 0.147 50 0.564 24 0.334 45 0.478 20 0.203 42 0.702 10 0.461 23 0.334 45 0.158 47 0.454 42 0.315 48 0.327 47 0.192 44 0.4 49 0.306 49 5.1 / 5.2 5.3 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5 0.795 12 0.33 4 1 1 1 1 0.608 28 0.384 3 0.549 3 0.725 2 0.133 46 1 1 0.054 37 0.559 15 0.65 23 0.216 7 0.605 2 0.692 3 0.823 10 0.16 15 0.433 6 0.666 4 0.507 32 0.162 14 0.09 25 0.357 34 0.609 27 0.215 8 0.321 13 0.539 17 0.813 11 0.12 28 0.32 14 0.59 11 0.652 22 0.085 41 0.409 8 0.539 16 0.639 25 0.125 24 0.433 6 0.563 14 0.721 17 0.129 23 0.185 17 0.487 20 0.77 15 0.074 46 0.499 4 0.632 8 0.557 30 0.211 9 0.099 21 0.408 28 0.954 4 0.099 35 0.336 12 0.654 6 0.502 33 0.048 50 0.377 9 0.436 25 1 1 0.08 43 0.062 32 0.537 18 0.741 16 0.056 48 0.451 5 0.587 12 0.189 44 0.21 10 0.022 42 0.198 46 0.864 8 0.186 11 0.184 18 0.581 13 0.829 9 0.098 36 0.184 18 0.523 19 0.793 13 0.133 21 0.093 24 0.48 21 0.703 19 0.131 22 0.054 37 0.418 26 0.892 6 0.103 33 0.363 10 0.639 7 0.706 18 0.08 43 0.084 26 0.409 27 0.956 3 0.111 29 0.34 11 0.662 5 0.783 14 0.138 20 0.06 34 0.462 23 0.979 2 0.053 49 0.306 15 0.63 9 0.939 5 0.092 39 0.237 16 0.597 10 0.057 50 0.387 2 0.02 44 0.218 43 0.463 37 0.296 5 0.06 34 0.385 30 196

0.355 41 0.164 13 0.099 21 0.291 40 0.68 21 0.094 38 0.056 36 0.391 29 0.412 39 0.108 31 0.078 27 0.281 41 0.591 29 0.139 19 0.032 40 0.359 33 0.084 48 0.263 6 0.012 49 0.169 47 0.082 49 0.184 12 0.023 41 0.136 49 0.496 34 0.153 17 0.099 21 0.352 35 0.163 45 0.122 26 0.018 45 0.143 48 0.64 24 0.102 34 0.052 39 0.374 32 0.45 38 0.156 16 0.013 48 0.291 39 0.379 40 0.123 25 0.012 49 0.242 42 0.681 20 0.111 29 0.138 20 0.438 24 0.516 31 0.122 26 0.017 46 0.308 37 0.627 26 0.098 36 0.078 27 0.378 31 0.478 36 0.106 32 0.078 27 0.312 36 0.284 43 0.08 43 0.075 31 0.207 45 0.484 35 0.084 42 0.078 27 0.304 38 0.102 47 0.146 18 0.015 47 0.124 50 0.345 42 0.088 40 0.022 42 0.214 44 0.883 7 0.067 47 0.062 32 0.476 22 197

Greif 1993 1994 Alston 1996 [1] [2] 1985 2001 645 17 1980 1905 1300 1996 [1] [2] 198

19 60 19 60 90 30 2001 1898 1981 1872 1911 1917 1993 20 20 1998 1931 1931 1936 15% 30% 1990 1934 1945 1952 2002 281.60 13.40% 1 1958 1958 1957 9.42% 1961 1960 40.59% 199

1962 1961 19.64% 1967 1966 9.78% 1968 1967 3.43% 1969 1968 1.70% 2002 3105.99 GDP 2.96 1952 281.59 1978 41.39 1 1952 2002 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2004 1. 1949~1980, 2002 2. 1980~1994 1980 1986 4 1992 2 2002 3. 1994 1993 1993 2 13 200

4 1995 3 1999 1998 [1] 1944 10.48% 2000 2002 2005 20 90 21 [1] 2000 23 201

1 202

1 GNP 80 1993 GNP 20 4 1995 3 200 GNP 2003 GNP 3.4 2002 4.71 1.3 1995 4.2 GNP 2004 2003 2007 5 2007 GDP 4% 2010 5% 2 1985 1987 90 203

2000 67 [1] 1 1986 2002 24.24 35.93% 33.63% 1997 20.96 35.63 32.91 3.18 0.3 0.72 2002 45.69 12156.71 98.58% 97.02% 6.56 6687.43 90% 58.3% 90% [1] 400 2 1 2 2 1989 HOPE 1998 1993 1999 Assisted Places scheme (1981) 1995 1993 1995 1999 1998 1986 [1] [1] 2000 2004 2002 204

World Bank:World Development Indicators 2002 2004 11 5 6 GNP4 2 1998 2004 2001 2004 240 42 68 1480 960 140 2001 8 390 1999 2004 85 230 1390 6.3 4 26 18 [1] 180 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1997 2003 [1] 240 2004 12 28 205

20 1/5 0.36 [2] 3 9000 2004 2004 56.7% 55.7% 47.3% [1] 2004 2004 1 1996 1999 [2] [1] 2003 2003 01 23 2003 132 206

1985 1997 1998 2 5 1997 2001 2004 2004 2.39 4.03 2.31 [1] 3 211 985 211 109 80 1998 985 985 2004 1 101 135 20 44 ( ) 44 106 1998 21 2004 1 6 12 1999 2003 2004 1 132 429 38 1.5 922 5 1.5 [1] 2004 7 7 207

1977 1983 7 1994 [1] 3 25.3 16.9 16.6 10.3 8.9 5.4 2.7 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 1.7 2004 4 2003 N 2015 32.1 26.6 2.4 0.3 [2] 25.3 16.9% 16.6% 10.3% 8.9% 5.4% 3 [1] 7100 2000 10 17 8 2001 4 24 6 [2] 2004 4 208

209

210 (1979 1993) (1993 1999) 2000 21 MBA EMBA MPA 1994 2001 4 2001 2005

7 1 1 22.6 19.5 11.1 4.4 30.3 7.1 4.8 (%) 2004 5 30.3% 22.6%. 19.5% 4.4% 4.8% 1 12 7 211

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 38.7% 32.0% 29.2% 28.9% 25.1% 1 2 2 8 1 9 2 12 2 6 IT 2 6 212

213 1 3 TOEFL GRE 0.5 5 3 6 2 10 8 21.12% 18.22% 15.02% 13.81% 2 2 8 9.91% 1.70% 13.81% 18.22% 21.12% 7.81% 15.02% 12.41% 8

11.6% 23.0% 21.7% 11.1% 21.2% 20.3% 20.0% 19.5% 6.4% 3 3 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1 10 [1] 2004 12 1 3 2 IT IT 2003 IT 25.3 IT [1] www.jobeasy.cn 214

IT IT 2004 IT IT 10% 15% IT 18% [2] 3 2004 94.5 [1] 2005 20 [2] 20.8 4 2004 MBA CEO 5 2004 11 1100 9000 10 [3] 6 [2] http://www.southcn.com/job/features/2004trainings/200412270679.htm [1] http://edu.sina.com.cn/l/2004-11-01/89843.html [2] http://news.sina.com.cn/e/2004-12-05/03345125701.shtml [3] 237 2005 2 5 215

30%-40% [4] 20 90 21 2001 2000 8.5% 2002 2001 11.4% 2003 4 4 100 80 60 40 20 0 2003 2002 2001 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2004 1 2000 [4] http://www.jobeasy.cn/art/articleshow.asp 216

7 1 6 100% 2 1 5% 20% 10-30 30% 10 0.8% 0.8% 1996 16.7% 20.1% 75%) 41% 33.9% (24%) [1] 2 3 [1],,2000 7 217

657 182 351 121 94 35 3482 389 3308 397 2256 379 4 1 30 100 20 2002 20 53% 1-3 17.6% [1] [1] http://education.online.sh.cn/education/gb/content/2003-03/24/content_555916.htm 218

1 4000 4-5 2 50 3 7 35% 23% 72% 5 5 1.4 7000 1.5% 3.5% 35% 60% 2003 270 27 28173 [1] 30 35% 50% 15% 6.2% [1] 30,VATE 2004.8 219

70%-80% 10% 2004 60% institutio T.W. 220

CISSO IT 221

1 1. 2. 3. 2 3 1 222

223 2 3 6 6 0 20 40 60 80 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

5 1 2 3 3 4 4 1-8% 8-10% 224

1958 70 [1] 20 GDP ( ) 3.6% 6% [1] 2003 11 225

2005 226

1986 1 1954 1957 1954 3 227

8 1955 9 1956 6 50 2 1956 1956 6 1961 1964 1961 11 228

1962 1963 1962 1962 1962 1962 1963 1 1956 [1] [1] 1987 7 6 229

3 1977 1983 9 1977 9 1978 2 1960 1978 3 1979 2 1978 1983 590 230

9400 1.6% 150 25.7% 430 72.7% 190 230 [1] 1983 9 1985 1986 [1] 1998 6 231

1 10 1979 1983 9 1986 1989 2110 1350 50 230 340 9 70 200 150 [1] [1] 1997 10 232

2 1989 1983 61.1 51.22 [1] 52.8 47.3 3 [1] 1992 6 233

1 2 [1986]27 [1] 3 [1] 1997 2 234

29 4 85.1% 67.1% 63.2% 58.7% 54.4% [1] 5 [1] 1997 10 235

6 7 1990 5 100 1991 7 100 236

1 [1] 2 [2] [1] 1996 2 [2] 2002 3 237

3 238

1985-2000 29 9400 1986 160 5 47% 1.5% 940 50 48% 2.5% 450 7500 3000 239

240 2001-2010 1 1 2 3 2 60.6% 53% 41.2% 17.8% 3 4 1 2 48.1%

5 88.1% 2002 30% 1994 9 241

242 5 20-30% 40% : 1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5 243

1 2 3 4 244

1 2 245

3 4 5 6 7 8 246

1973 McClelland Testing for Competence Rather Than for Intelligence competence McClelland McClelland 1 McClelland 1992 Competence at Work McClelland Job Competency Assessment Method ( 2003) McClelland 1982 Boyatzis The Competent Management Hooghiemstra(1990) Spencer L. M. Spencer S. M. 1993 247