BIBLID 0254-4466(2009)27:4 pp. 147-178 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 ( 民國 98 年 12 月 ) 1376-1383 * 1310-1381 1357-1402 2008 11 3 2009 10 21 * 147
148 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 1 2 3 1 1993 164 John Dardess John Dardess, Confucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), p. 268. Dardess 2 22.5 (1961): 1-6 1986 570 1995 319 3 Peter Ditmanson Peter Ditmanson, Death in Fidelity: Mid and Late Ming Reconstructions of
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150 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 8 讓 9 10 8 7 1286 9 10 12a 10 21 11a
徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 151 11 12 11 9 40a 12 10 1626
152 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 13 14 15 16 13 2 2350 14 5 1403 15 10 17b 16 10 18a
徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 153 17 18 19 17 10 18b 18 10 15b 19 10 15b
154 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 20 21 22 20 10 22a 21 22 10 32a
徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 155 23 24 25 26 27 23 9 23b 24 9 54a Peter Bol Peter Bol, Neo-Confucianism and Local Society, Twelfth to Sixteenth Century: A Case Study, in Richard von Glahn and Paul Smith, eds., The Song-Yuan- Ming Transition in Chinese History (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003), p. 268. 25 2003 281 7187 26 5 1403 1954 27 164
156 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 28 29 1995 142-146 28 1997 5 10b 29 21 11a
徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 157 30 31 32 33 30 10 13a 13 32a 14 19b 17 5b 31 9 19a 32 1 41b 33 1970 15 11b 1996 11 12a
158 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 34 35 36 34 2244 35 2245 36 13 13b
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徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 163 60 羣 61 62 63 64 60 61 18 30a 62 18 7a 19 23a 63 19 30a 14 11b 14 34a 64 5 1554
164 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 65 66 67 68 65 10 35a 138-139 66 18 22b 154-155 67 1984 128 1b 68 4 1715
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166 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 76 77 78 79 76 1 23a 77 11 40b 78 14 46a 14 52a 16 28a 16 41a 18 29a 22 15a 318 5 12a 79 1996 701 1627 1999 648
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168 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 87 88 89 90 87 7 1a 88 12b 89 1985 5 90 10 1627
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170 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 94 95 96 97 98 99 94 10 26b 95 18 15a 96 20 1b 97 10 5b 98 13 11b 99 10 6b
徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 171 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 100 8 4a 101 22 69b 102 10 6a 103 10 28b 104 9 31b 105 23 11a 106
172 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 107 108 109 110 111 107 38b 108 19 20b 109 7 1a 110 24 21b 111 10 6a
徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 173 112 113 112 12 18b 113 90
174 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期
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徐兆安 / 宋濂門人時期的方孝孺 (1376-1383) 177 Fang Xiaoru: His Years as a Disciple of Song Lian (1376-1383) Chu Shiu-on * Abstract This article traces the experiences of Fang Xiaoru ( 方孝孺, 1357-1402) from 1376, when he became Song Lian s ( 宋濂, 1310-1381) disciple immediately after his father s death, to 1383, the year he was summoned by Ming Taizu 明太祖 after the death of Song Lian. By reconstructing Fang s interaction with his mentor and other students of Song, this study tackles three unsolved questions in the studies of literati in the Hongwu reign ( 洪武, 1368-1398). First of all, Song and Fang, as stated by Qian Mu 錢穆, had different attitudes toward Ming Taizu and the founding of Ming Dynasty. If Qian s account is valid, was there any clash of views between them? How did the mentor and the student, whose values were at such a polarity, interact with each other? Secondly, did Fang blame Ming Taizu for the death of his father and mentor, and express his grievances in his writings, as contended by scholars of Ming history and thought? Finally, in the famous Ming ru xue an 明儒學案, Liu Zongzhou ( 劉宗周, 1578-1645) and Huang Zongxi ( 黃宗羲, 1610-1695) regarded Fang as the Founding Master of Ming Learning, but was Fang really regarded as a grandmaster and the pioneer of Ming daoxue 道學, or just an inheritor of Song s literature by his coevals? The answers provided in this study may shed new light on the intellectual history of * Chu Shiu-on earned an M.A. in history from National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu.
178 漢學研究第 27 卷第 4 期 the Hongwu reign. Keywords: Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺, Song Lian 宋濂, Ming Taizu 明太祖, daoxue 道學, intellectual history