6 2 Vol. 6 No. 2 2015 2 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Feb., 2015 * 楼阁, 姜涛, 张敏, 王娓辰, 刘娟, 杨茜, 张海滨 (, 300461) 摘要 : 目的, 方法,, 结果与结论,,, 关键词 :,, Comparative research of barley quality inspection standards between China and the United States LOU Ge, JIANG Tao, ZHANG Min, WANG Wei-Chen, LIU Juan, YANG Xi, ZHANG Hai-Bin * (Animal, Plant and Foodstuffs Inspection Center, Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin 300461, China) ABSTRACT: Objective In recent years, barley is the largest cereal import in China, which from the United States is one of the very important barley varieties. To understand the difference of inspection standards between China and the United States is very important. Methods The quality standard of barley varieties in China and the United States were compared and analyzed. The overview of existing standards was summarized and the present questions of barley quality standards status were discussed. Result and Conclusion The results showed that the development trend of China s barley quality standards system should be based on the current situation of quality control system of barley and the requirements for the standard system by the development of barley industry. The advanced experience of foreign countries should be used for reference. The development direction of barley quality standard system was put forward. The healthy development of barley industry in the future should be standard-guided and promoted, thus to provide an effective protection for the barley industry. KEY WORDS: barley; quality standards; testing 1 引言,,,,, ; ;,, * 通讯作者 :,, E-mail: zhanghb@tjciq.gov.cn *Corresponding author: ZHANG Hai-Bin, Senior Engineer, Animal, Plant and Foodstuffs Inspection Center Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.158, Jingmen Road, Binhaixinqu District, Tianjinc300000, China. E-mail: zhanghb@tjciq.gov.cn
2, : 485,, B [1],, 1300 [2],,,, [3], 2010, 13.5%,,, 2000 170 ~230, 3 4, 2010 5.4 [4] 100, 350, 50% [5],,,, 2005~2010, 227, [5] (2009), 2018 210 [6], (GIPSA), [7] (FGIS) 1 GIPSA FGIS NY/T 891-2014 GB/T 5494-2008 [8] SN/T 2088-2008 [9] GB/T 7416-2008 GB/T 11760-2008 2 中美大麦分级标准对比 2.1 美国的进出口大麦分 2 个组别 3 : :, [10] 2 3 4, 2.2 特殊等级 (1), ; : 4.0 / ; : 4,, 0.5%; (2) : 0.10; : 3,, 1.5%; (3): 500g 3, [6] ; : 2, ; Table 1 表 1 中美谷物检验标准对比 Comparison of Grain Inspection Standards between China and American NY/T 891-2014 SN/T 2088-2008 GB/T 5494-2008 GB/T7416-2008 GB/T11760-2008 USDA
486 6 Table 2 表 2 分级及分级要求 六棱麦芽大麦和六棱蓝色麦芽大麦 Grades and grade requirements six-rowed malting barley and six-rowed blue malting barley ( / ) (%) (%)1 (%)1 (%) (%) (%) (%)* 1 47.0 95.0 97.0 2.0 0.5 2.0 4.0 7.0 2 45.0 95.0 94.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 6.0 10.0 3 43.0 95.0 90.0 4.0 2.0 5.0 8.0 15.0 4 43.0 95.0 87.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 1:, : :, 2: 1 2 3 4 ( * 5/64 3/4 Table 3 表 3 分级及分级要求 - 二棱麦芽大麦 Grades and grade requirements two-rowed malting barley ( / ) (%) (%)1 (%)1 (%) (%) (%)* 1 50.0 97.0 98.0 1.0 0.5 5.0 5.0 2 48.0 97.0 98.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 3 48.0 95.0 96.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 10.0 4 48.0 95.0 93.0 3.0 3.0 10.0 10.0 1:, : :, 2: 1 2 3 4 ( 3) * 5/64 3/4 表 4 分级及分级要求 - 普通大麦 Table 4 Grades and grade requirements - barley (%) (%)1 (%) (%) (%) (%)* ( / ) 1 47.0 97.0 2.0 0.2 1.0 4.0 10.0 2 45.0 94.0 4.0 0.3 2.0 8.0 15.0 3 43.0 90.0 6.0 0.5 3.0 12.0 25.0 4 40.0 85.0 8.0 1.0 4.0 18.0 35.0 5 36.0 75.0 10.0 3.0 5.0 28.0 75.0 : 1: 1 2 3 4 5 ; 2: 8, 0.2, 1 1 1 1 2, 3 8 4 (Crotalaria spp.), 2 (Ricinus communis L.), 4, 8 (Xanthium spp.), 10 ; 3:, ();
2, : 487 表 5 啤酒大麦品质指标 Table 5 Beer barley quality index (%) 1.5 (%) 1.0 (g) 34 32 (%) 12.0 5 d (%) 95 (%) 9.5-12.0 (2.5 mm )% 75 70 [13] 表 6 裸大麦质量要求 Table 6 Quality requirements of Hulless barley [13] /(g/l) /% /% : /% 1 790 2 770 6.0 3 750 4 730 8.0 1.0 0.5 13.0 5 710 10.0 <710 : (4): ; : 1, ; (5) :,, 0.2% GB/T7416-2008 NY/T 891-2014,, [11,12],,, 3 中美大麦品质检验标准对比 3.1 表层检验 7 3.2 实验室品质检验 8,,, 9,,, 3.3 小结,,,, 3 : (1),, (2),, (3),
488 6 表 7 表层检验项目 Table 7 Surface inspection items, 12 : : 1:: 500g, :(1) (2) 2:,, : 2,,,,,, :,,,,, 表 8 实验室检验项目 Table 8 Laboratory tests : : 表 9 容重检验项目结果对比 Table 9 The results contrast volume weight test items 674.5 708.4 676.5 706.2 (g/l) 675.1 706.9 681.2 703.1 687.3 702.1 4 原因分析及展望, :,,,, [14],,,, [15] [16], [17]
2, : 489,,,,,, : 1,,, ; 2, [18] ; 3, ; 4, ; 5,,,, 参考文献 [1] Baik BK. Barley for food: characteristics, improvement, and renewed interest [J]. J Cereal Sci, 2008, 48: 233 242. [2],,. [J]., 2011, 3: 11 15. Niu GC, Zhu D, Dong J. Present State and Development Trend of Barley Deep Processing [J]. Agric Sci Prep, 2011, 3: 11 15 [3] Newman CW. A brief history of barley foods [J]. Cereal Foods World, 2006, 51: 4 7. [4],,,. 2009-2010 [J]., 2010, 22(5): 683 688. Yang JM, Lin F, Shang Y, et al. The status and trend of the international and domestic barley production technology in 2009-2010 [J]. Acta Agric Zhejiangensis, 2010, 22(5): 683 688. [5],. [J]., 2012, 394(2): 23 29. Cheng Y, LI XD, Comparative Analysis of China and the world's leading exporter of barley production and trade [J]. World Agric, 2012, 394(2): 23 29. [6] Official Grain Grading Guide[Z]. 2012. Canadian Grain Commission:1 28. [7] Grain Inspection Handbook, Barley, bookii[m]. Chapter 2,2004.U.S.Department of Agriculture:1 29. [8] GBT 5494-2008 [S]. GBT 5494-2008 Inspection of grain and oils Determination of foreign matter and unsound kernels of grain and oilseeds[s]. [9] SN/T 2088-2008 [S]. SN/T 2088-2008 Rules for inspection and quarantine of import wheat and barly [S]. [10] Caldwell DG. A structured mutant population for forward and reverse genetics in Barley [J]. Plant J. 2004, 40: 143 150. [11] GB/T7416-2008 [S]. GB/T7416-2008 Malting barley[s]. [12] NY/T 841-2014 [S]. NY/T 841-2014 Health food Barley[S]. [13] GB/T11760-2008 [S]. GB/T11760-2008 Hulless barley[s]. [14],. [J]., 2010, 3: 11 14. Chen MX, Zhang GP. The Situation and Prospect of Barley Utilization [J]. Barley Cereal Sci, 2010, 3: 11 14. [15] Bormann N. Analysis of the competitiveness of Chinese malting barley production and processing [J]. Inst Farm Economics, Brauschweig, 2007. [16],,,. [J]., 2009, 4: 99 101. Ren JJ, Xiang H, Wang Q, et al. 2009.Barley food processing and feature progress in food processing [J] Cereals Oils Process, 4: 99 101. [17] Food and Agriculture Organizaton(FAO) of the United Natoins. 2010. FAOSTAT crop production and trade[eb/ol]. http://faostat.fao.org/site/537. [18],,,. 73 [J]., 2012, 24(1): 1 6. Wang JM, Zhang XZ, Lin F, et al. The assessment of major malt qualities among 73 elite varieties in the germplasm for malting barley [J]. Acta Agric Zhejiangensis, 2012, 24(1): 1 6. ( 责任编辑 : 白洪健 )
490 6 作者简介 楼阁, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测 E-mail: loug@tjciq.gov.cn 张海滨, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测 E-mail: zhanghb@tjciq.gov.cn 茶学研究 专题征稿函, 500,,,,,,,,,, 2015 4,,, 2015 3 31 E-mail 投稿方式 : : www.chinafoodj.com E-mail: jfoodsq@126.com 食品安全质量检测学报 编辑部