2 68 975

466 975

34 347 972 33 25 957

27 296 958

220 978

959

30 + X2 + X3 X2 X3 = 4Y Y = Z + Z2 Z + Z2 + X3 = 7 26 + X2 + X32 X2 X23 = 4Y2 Y2 = Z23 + Z2 Z22 + Z2 + Z32 = 3 24 + X3 + X23 X3 X32 = 4Y3 Y3 = Z3 + Z32 Y25 Xij0 Yh 0 Zkl 0

L AL A =

ipi jpj I ij = ( )( ) b D ij n n PiPj Pi Pj I ij = b + b D D j= j= ij n I n i j Pj Pi = b + P D D j= i j= ij ii b ii n Pj Pi iv = b + b D D j= ij ii

[( L + K V L K V i ti) pi][( + j tj ) pj] I ij = b D ij n L + K V L K V j tj pi + iv = ( ) b + ( ) b D D j= ij i ti pi AL D = L ii

K = G K G K A - B = 500 = 000 2 K B- C = 000 = 000 00050 +500 00 2 K A - C = = 00050 3 ns = ns

000 A - C = 2050 + 050 + 050 6 050 + 050 2 ( A C) = = 2050 + 050 + 050 5 = G s G K s

2 (G - G ) i = N C = G

M K = m S ϕ = A m M ϕ ϕ

QpK K K Dp = 24L QpK K K Dp = 730L

2 277 975

958

D L S =

D L S L P L SP = = D L S L P L t L SPt = = 3 3

K N = 440 ( ) T

2 69 975

20, 000 K v = = 40, 000 2 00200 K v = = 4 / 9 / 2 200200 + 5000 00200 + 5000 K v = = 5 / 8 / 2 200200

2 2

2

Xij0 ( i = 2 m j = 2 n) n Xij = a i j= m Xij = b j i= m n ai = b j i= j= n C X = j= m i= ij ij

0XijRij( i = 2 m j = 2 n) n Xij = a i j= m Xij = b j i= m n ai = b j i= j= n m C X = j= i= ij ij 2 3 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3

2 3 4 5 2 3 s n k= j= m i= CijkX ijk =

.. 954 E.. 959 29 963 32 966

t R + R K s = t R R K s

Z B C + tdl = C tdl A 2 + ( ) Z i0 C t l xt = C t l l - xt 2a i i i0 2 i i i0 i0 i= v i= i0+ i0 n C t l - l - xt = C t l + (l - xt 2b i i i0 i0 2 i i i0 i0 i= 0 i= i0+ n i0 C t l C t l i i 2 i i i= 0 i= i0 i0 C + t l C t l i i i=0 n n 2 i i i= i0+ X = n i0- C 2 - C + t il i - t il i 2t io i=i0 i=0 L = l 0 l l i0- x 3 L 2 = l i0 + l i0+ + + l n - x

L - L = ( L 2 + x) - ( L 2 2 - x) = 2x C - C = tl - L 2 2 L - L = C - C 2 2 t 4 X = L - L 2 C C = 2 2t 2 L = L C C2 2 2t L = L 5 C C2 2 + 2 2t C C2 2t L 2

Z B e n A n e2 n2 Z n I + C + it + t dl = I + C + it + t dl Z B B A n Z n A it + t dl + it + t dl = it + t dl Z e n A n e2 e2 B Z A n A n I + C + it + t dl = I + C + it + t dl - it + t dl Z 2 it + t dl = -I - C + I + C + it + t dl A n e e e2 e2 n A Z B ( it + t n ) dl = ( it + t n ) dl A 2 A I e I e2 Cn Cn2 2 2 ( 6) B B ( it + t n ) dl = ( it + t n ) dl Z 2 A I e I e Cn C 2 n2 + + 2 2 B n

(it + t n )L Ie I e2 Cn Cn2 it + t nl = 2 2 2 (it + t n )L I e Ie2 Cn + Cn2 it + t nl 2 = + + 2 2 2 L = L I e I e2 Cn Cn2 2 2( it + t + n) 2( it t n ) L = L 7 Ie I e2 Cn Cn2 2 + + 2 2( it + t it + t n) 2( n) Ie I e2 7 I e - I e2 Cn - C n2 2( it + t ) Cn - Cn2 2(it + t ) n Z B C I t dl = C2 2I2 t dl 8 A Z n

L U = LU 2 = L2U 9 L U 2 2 U L = L U + U 2 ( 0) U2 L2 = L U + U2 U 0. 9 L = L = 00 = 75 U + U 0. 9 + 0. 3 2 U2 0. 3 L2 = L = 00 = 25 U + U 0. 9 + 0. 3 2 L = L U U- U2 = 00 0.9 0.9-0.3 = 50 A Z U2 0. 3 L = L = 00 U U2 0. 9 0. 3 = -50 B Z

AP AZ AZ 2 U = = = PB Z B BZ U 2 2 = K U U U U 2 2 AZ P = AZ BZ = AP 2 Z B PB C + tl C2 + tl 2 = ( ) U U 2 2

CU C2U LU2 = U( L L) + t t CU2 C2U L( U + U2) = LU + t t LU C U U 2 C U U = + tu tu 2 2 U L C U C U 2 2 2 = + tu tu 2 U L U U L U C C 2 2 = ( ) + 2 t U U2 U L U U L U ( 2) 2 C2 C 2 = + ( ) 2 t U2 U U L U U L U C C 2 2 = + ( ) 2 t U U2 U L U U L U 2 2 C2 C 2 = ( ) ( ) 2 t U2 U 2 2' U U U 2 2 U 2 C C2 U U U U 2 2 U U2 t t C + U Z A t dl C = 2 + U B t Z dl 2 ( 3) i0 U C U t l + U + U t x = U C + U t l 4 2 2 i i 2 i0 i i i= 0 i= i0 i0 U C + U t l U C + U t l n 2 2 i i 2 i i i= 0 i= i0 i0 U C + U t l U C + U t l 2 2 i i 2 i i i= 0 i= i0+ n n

n i0- x = U C2 - U2C + U t il i - U2 t il i ( U + U2) t io i = i 0 i=0 Z B A dl 2 Z dl C + t = C + t + R 5

B S = (C + t ) - (C + t ) 2 Z dl Z2 Z A dl + (C + t ) - (C + t ) dl A B 2 dl Z2 B Z Z C + t C + t + ik A dl 2 Z2 B Z C + t C + t + ik A dl 2 B Z2 ( C + t ) ( C + t ) ik 2 Z2 dl Z A ( C + t ) ( C + t ) ik A dl 2 B Z2 dl dl dl dl Li + Pab Lli ( AZ i ) = 2 ( 6) Li Pab L i ( BZi ) = 2 2

l AZ = (50 +50 +40) +00 2 = 220 l BZ = (50 + 50 +40) -00 2 = 20 2 (50 +50) +00 l2az 2= = 200 2 l BZ = (50 +50) -00 22 2 = 00 2 l AZ = 260 +00 3 3 = 80 2 260-00 l 23BZ 3= = 80 2 Xij 0 i = 2 m j = 2 n m X ij = Bj B j j i= m n i= j= C + T X = 8 i ij ij

m Ui X ij = B U j i= 0 m m Ui X U X ij = ( ij = ) i= i= 0 Xij 0 i = 2 m j = 2 n m m Ui X ij = Bj X ij = B j i= i= U0 n Xij Ri Ri j= m n + i= j= ( C T ) X = 9 i ij ij

T T 2 l t + l t + t = l t + l t + t 2 2 2 2 2 ( ) T T 2 T T 2 T = T2 T 400. + 3502. + 2 3 = T 550 08 + 28025 + 2 + =.. 4. 4 2

T = T 2 l = t + l t l t 2 2 2 t + t 2 t t t 2 + t 2 ( 2) l l t + t ( l l ) 2 = 2t 0. 2( 35 + 28) + 0. (55 40) l = = 35. 25 20. 2 ( 3)

0. 04750 + 0. 03(508 370) l = = 426. 75 20. 04 0. 04750 + 0. 03( 750 340) l = = 53. 75 20. 04

n( n + ) AC = 2 ( 2 + ) = 3 n 2 2

u2 u 2 u3 A 2

R e = R P

M t M M M i t t i c 2 2

t = I E I E 2 2 E2 E = = I I t 2

00-40 60 t = = = 2 80-50 30 = 2 I E I E 2 2 I I 2 E 2 E t I t p I2 + E + E t p p 2 t p Ii + E i = t p

p

S = ar + b i 2 R

R R 2 3 2rdr r rdr R O O 3 2 r = R = R = 2 = R 2rdr rdr R 3 O O ( 2) 2a b S = R + 2 ( 3) 3 R ds a b dr = 2 2 3 R = 3 0 3b b R = 3 = 0 9853 4 a. a ( )

3 3 min D = d ( ) i= j= ij min T = q d ( 2) g 3 3 i= j= j ij n G= N - G n G= n V N G G= n G= N G n n = V - ( N - G) = V N + G G= G= n G= n G= B.W.Hodder and R.Lee Economic Geography St.Martin s Press974.

n 3( N 2G) G= n n 3( N 2G) ( N G) = 2 N 5G G= G= G= n = n G= V N + G n G= 2 N 5G G= n V G= = n 3( N 2G) G= n

2 2 n n i i T = sc + s C + + s C = s C ( ) A A i Ri = * ( 2) A A n i= W.L.Garrison Connectivity of the Interstate Highway System Papers and Proceedings of Regional Science Association VI960.

Scalar Variation and Nodal Accessiblity in the Chinese RailroadNetwork Professional Geographer Vol.3No.4979.

2 E = e 2(Q + Q 2) c + x + eq( a x) + eq2( b + x) ( ) de x = e2 ( Q + Q 2 ) e Q + e Q = dx 2 2 2 0 e + x x e( Q Q 2 ) = 2 2 c + x e2 ( Q + Q 2 ) x 2 2 c + x = sinzcd = cosczd e Q Q2 ZCD = arc sin e 2 Q + Q 2 ( 2) e Q Q2 CZD = arc cos e2 Q + Q2 2 2 c + x T N N N a = + x N b + ( + x 2) + 2 ( 3) V V V 2 dt N + N2 x N N2 = + = 0 dx V 2 2 2 c + x V V2 x ( N N2) V2 = 2 2 c + x ( N + N2) V N N2 V2 ZCD = arc sin N + N V 2 ( 4) N N2 V2 CZD = arc cos N + N V 2

T = dt dx a + x 2 2 V + x = V a + x 2 2 sin sin = V V b + ( c x) 2 2 V 2 c x V b + ( c x) 2 2 ( ) 2 2 ( 2) = 0 2 2 2 2 E = K a + x + mc - x - y + K b + y 3 ϕe x = k m = 0 ϕx 2 2 a + x ϕe y ( 4) = k m = 2 0 ϕy b 2 + y 2 m sin= k m sin = k 2 2

sin (5) sin = k 2 k sin = sin = = = 30 2 n n r i i= i= i n 2 2 R = = a a x - y i= i n i= 0 i n ϕr = 2 ( a0 + axi yi ) = 0 ϕa 0 i= n ϕr = 2 a0 + axi yi xi = 0 ( ) ϕa i =

n n n a0 + axi yi = 0 i= i= i= n n n 2 a0xi + axi xiyi = 0 i i i = = = n n a0n + axi = yi i= i= n n n ( 2) 2 a0 xi + xi = xiy i i i i = = = i 2 3 4 5 i= 5 i i i i i

n S = q r i= i i 2 2 r = ( X X ) + ( Y Y ) ( 2) i i i n 2 2 i i i i= S = q ( X X ) + ( Y Y ) 3 n ϕs qi = ( X Xi ) = 0 ϕx i r = i n ( 4) ϕs qi = Y yi = ( ) 0 ϕy i ri = n n qiri qiyi ( k) ( k) r r ( k+ ) i= i i= i X = n Y ( k + ) = n (5) qi qi ( k) r r i= i i= i F = qi ZP r i i n n i F = = 0 ZPi i= i= ri q n qi = Fx ( x xi ) = 0 i r = i n ( 6) qi = y y Fy i = ( ) 0 i ri = 962 2

n [ i i i i ] S = q X X + q Y Y i= n = q X X + q Y Y ( ) i= i i i i= S = x S = y n i= n i= n q X X i q Y Y i i i i S = q ( X X ) + q ( X X ) x k i i i= i= k+ k n n qi qi q i i= i= k+ 2 i= n i i J.Lukaszewicz 6 963 Wayne C.TurnerIntroduction to Industrial and Systems EngineeringOklahoma State University979.

n qi = i= i i i i N X j j= Y j N j= N X m = ( X N + X N+ = + = 2 2 2 2 2 2 ) ( ) 2 Ym = ( YN + YN + = + = 2 2 3 3 3 2 ) ( ) 2 2 2

n [ Φ i ] 2 S = EQ ( x x ) + ( x) y i= n i x 2 [ Φ( ) 0 ] x 2 [ i Φ 0 ] + eq a + x dx + ai i= n i + eq b b + ( x) dx ( ) i= i n ds ( [ ] EQ x x x y x i ) + Φ( ) i Φ( ) = i dx 2 2 i= ( x x ) + Φ( x) y n n i [ i ] 2 2 + eq a + Φ( x) eq b + Φ( x) = 0 i= n i qia qib K 0 K Q i n i= i= i= i= [ Φ i ] Φ [ Φ i ] n i Q x x + x y x i i= 2 2 ( x xi ) + ( x) y ( ) ( ) ( ) e = E K + x 2 Φ( ) ( 2) i n x xi e Qi = i x x y E K ( 3) 2 2 = ( ) + i i 2 n n e K K = qia qib E n 0 K Q 2 i= i i= i= n

n K = Q i= i n K = q a - q b = 0 i= i n e e K 0 E E e lim K = 0 2 k0 E n x xi Qi = 0 4 2 2 i= ( x x ) + y i i 2n Qi F = Z = 0 5 Pi r i= i ( r = ( x x ) + ( y y ) ) 2 2 i i i 2n Qi Fx = ( x xi ) = 0 ( a) i r = i n ( 4) 2 Qi Fy = y yi = b ( ) 0 ( ) i ri = i= i

Q n 2n i n+ i ( y yi ) + ( y yn+ i) = i= ri i= n+ rn+ i Q Q Q ( ) ( y ) n n i i y yi = y + i= ri i= ri 2n i= Q F x = n i= Q i i x x ( x x ) + y x x ( x x ) + y i i i i 2 2 i 2 2 i = 0 i = 0 0 6 x 0 lim e E = 0 k0 n S = Qi X Xi + Qi yi i= n i= n S Q y X i= 0 X Q X X Q X - X i i me i i i= i i n

6 974 88 974

L / SP

h i = l = 8 2 000 = 4 4 W i = 000 = 4 000

4 8 2

2 D = D0 + D 2 3 s

h = K Q K 4 2

2 2 2 Ra = Pa CRaVa ( A cos + A sin ) 2

= + 2 + 3 7. 6w F = F = 6003 sinϕ ϕ Rw = 2 Pw CRwVW LT 2 C = gh

A B C D A B C D A B D A B D A B D

2 = ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( / ) = = ( ) =

00 50 25

33 978

S0 S φ = S S0

L ta H L tg H = = sin( ) sin( ) δ δ 90 80

a + b = 2 2 a + b a + b = 2 2 a + b - 2abcos

98

B.H. 954 96.B.H o c eorpa pacopa CCCP 960

% 40%

Hrobck.B. eorpa pacopa CCCP 978

982 2 3

B.B. 982

982 Te Tf Tn Te

DP T T = Q T P I t = Q 3334 982

t T P I t = Q t N K( T ) P = I P 2 K P ( ) ( ) 2 N = P

2 S( ) D( ) = L( )