|
|
|
- 镜静 储
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25 %
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45 S I = ( P ) 4 2 K 2 S I P K K I 2 = ( ) I P S S 3 = ( ) K1 = I ( 4 4) K 2
46
47 1 q 0 = 1 ( qf )
48 4 6
49 4 7
50 = 4 8
51
52
53
54
55 2 1
56 t n+ 1 ) X X X X i + i i t + + t n+ 1 i= t Xt+ 1 = = 4 9 n n ) X t 1 t+ 1 ) X t X t n X t+ 1 = + X t 4 10 n n ) X n + X ( n 1) + X t t 1 t n+ 1 Xt + 1 = n
57 ) ) 1 Xt+ 1 = αx t + ( 1 α) Xt α α ) X t+1 ) X t+ 1 = X 0 + X ( t + 1) 4 13 ) X t+1 X ) t+ 1 Xt+ 1 = X0( 1+ X') 4 14 X ) t+1 Xt X'= t 1 X 0
58 X = a X = 1+ a X + + a X + e ( 4 15) t 1 t 2 t 2 n t n t X X ) Xt = e t b1e t 1 b2e t 2 b met m ( 4 16) X = a X + a X + + a X + e b e b e b e t 1 t 1 2 t 2 n t n t 1 t 1 2 t 2 m t m ( 4 17) i t
59 Σy bσx a = n NΣxy ΣxΣy b = 2 NΣx Σx Σx NΣxy Σx Σy R = ( 4 19) [ NΣx ( Σx) ][ NΣy ( Σy) ] n Σ( x i x)( y i y) i= 1 R = n n 2 Σ( x x) Σ ( y = y) i i= 1 i= 1 i 2
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69 B2 B1 Q 0 = 5 2 D D 1 2
70 = SE CE 5 5 ( LCC) n Σ i =1 LCC CI CT y i
71
72
73 F Q = 1 P 5 6 V
74 Q Q 1 2 = 2 ( P1 V1 ) 4( P2 V2 ) F ( P1 V1) ( 5 7) 2( P2 V2) 2 P1 V1 4 P2 V2 F P1 V1 = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2( P V ) 2 2 d( y c) 2( P2 V2 ) Q + ( P1 V1 ) = dq Q P1 V1 Q = ( P V ) 2 2
75 max Z = Σ C X ( 5 12) j= 1 n j Σ a X B 0 X R Z j n j= 1 ij j i X j j j j
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83 T K K 2 1 = 5 14 C C 1 2 x y 0 0 n Σ Qixi i= 1 = n 5-15 Σ Q i= 1 n i= 1 i Σ Qiyi i= 1 = n 5-16 Σ Q i
84
85
86 PA x CA = CB ( ) CF 6-2 P B Σ xi n= 1 x = 6-3 n lg yi xi = lgz ci + 1 yi = c pi + 1 zi = p i i i n C = Q ( 1+ Σ f ) A n i i= 1 6-5
87
88 = 6-6 = = =
89 =
90
91
92
93 Dp Kp = 6-12 P( 1 f ) 4. p D Kc = 6-13 P ( 1 f ) n c K D c P f n c g D D1 Kc = + g 6-14 P ( 1 f ) n 1 c D1 K r = + g 6-15 P n β β
94 n K = Σ WiK i i = 1 TFi BPi = ( 6 19) W i
95
96 FL EPS EPS EBIT EBIT = / / 6-20
97 EBIF DFL = ( 6 21) EBIF C R R S 3 CSR1 RCS R3 R1 RR 3 R2 = = ( 6 22) C ( 1 R) 1 R S R1 RR 3 R( R1 R3) R1 = 0 1 R 1 R Θ 0 R 1 R R 1 3 R > R R < R
98 B B / S
99 Cmax b = f( R1 R3 R4 R5) 6 23
100
101
102
103 1 P = F (7 2) ( 1+ i) n n ( 1+ i) 1 F = A ( 7 3) i n ( 1+ i) 1 i (1+ i) n -1 P = A (7 4) i(1 + i) n n ( l + i) 1 n i( l + i)
104 n A'(1+ i) -1 F'= i Μ n (1+ i) -1 F'' = G[ - n] i n n (1+ i) -1 (1+ i) -1 = A' + G[ - n] (7-5) i i n (1+ i) -1 P'= A' n i(1+ i) n (1+ i) -1 1 P''= G[ - n] i (1+ i) n n (1+ i) -1 A' + G 1 n (1+ i) -1 n n [ - n] (7-6) i(1+ i) (1+ i) i
105 n n (1+ i) - (1+ j) F = A' (i j) (7-7) i - j n n (1+ i) - (1+ j) 1 P = A[ ] i - j ( 1+ i ) n (1+ i) - (1+ j) = A n (i - j)(1+ j) = n A( 1 + i) n n 1 n 1 ( 1 + i) ( i j) ( 7 9) n 1 = na ( i = j) ( 7 10) 1 + i n+m m (1+ i) -1 (1+ i) -1 P = A[ n+m ] - m ] (7-11) i(1+ i) i(1+ i) P = A 1 i n 1 P = A A1 1 + A A n n = Σ A t ( 1 + i) ( 1+ i) ( 1 + i) ( 1+ i) t= 0 ( 1 + i) ( 7 13) t
106
107
108 = = (7 20) S = 1 n 7-21 C n S C c 2 = 1 = 2 ( ) 100% 7-22 = 7-23 = 7-24 e = 7-25
109 = (
110 = 7 28
111
112
113
114 RR PT Pr NPV NPVR IPR R R = 7-29 Pt Σ ( CI CO) t = t= 1 P t Σ t=1
115 = P' t a Σ(CI - CO)t t = 0 (7 32) t=1 1 P' t a t a t = t (1+ i) i = (7-23) 1+ NPV = Σ n (CI CO)t a t (7 34) t=1
116 NPVR = NPV (7-35) P(I) 1 NPV = Σ n (CI - CO)t t = 0 (7-36) t=0 ( 1+ i) FNPV1 FIRR = i 1 + (i2 - i 1) (7-37) FNPV + FNPV 1 2 n Σ(CI - CO) t t=0 1 ( 1+ i) t = 0
117
118
119 m10x1 + m20x2 + + m k0x k M 0 m11x1 + m21x mk1xk M1 ( 7 38) m1wx1 + m 2wx2 + + m kwx M w x1 0, x2 0 x k 0
120
121
122
123
124
125 n Ft NPV = Σ t F0 ( 8 2) t= 1 ( 1+ K)
126
127
128 2 2 σ = E(x ) - (E(x)) (8 3) E(x) = Σ x P ; i=1 i=1 Σ P = 1 n i n i i σ V = σ 100% ( 8 4) E ( x ) σ
129
130
131
132 8 6
133 σ σ
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145 ξ'= P C + P C + + P C max n n C1 C2 Cn L l1 l2 l n C1 C2 Cn G g1 g2 g n (9 1) C1 C2 Cn + + E e1 e2 e n Μ
146 (9 2) = (9 3) = + (9 4) (9 5) + (9 6) = + (9 7)
147
148 M n [(1+ i) -1](1+ i) = A + D n (9 9) M[(1+ i) -1] I
149 ay ak = dk dk - ay dl (9 10) al dk i i + i > i ( Θ t'< 1) (9-11) 1- t'
150 n Σ a v = a v + a v + a v (9 12) j=1 j j n n y a = y j y (9 13) = ( y y ) P x - P Σ Σ y j t (1+ r)' i x jt y jt (9 14) Vjt = Σ Σ a j t j t ( 1+ r) 1 Σ Σ (CI - CO)t t j t D j = 1 ( 1+ r) G Di = G j (9 15)
151 G = 100% (9 16) = 100% (9 17) = (9 18) = ( / ) (9-19) = (9-20) = (9-21)
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161 P = 1 a P i (10 1) n i=1 Σ n P = a n Σ W P i=1 i i n Σ W i i=1 (10 2) P'= A' (N A - P ) (10 3) A
162 g 1 1 n P1 i = Σ 100% ( 10 4) n i= 1 P 0i n Σ P1i i=1 g 1 = n 100% (10 5) Σ P 0 i=1 i ΣP1Q0 = 100% (10 6) ΣP Q 0 0 ΣP1 Q1 = 100% (10 7) ΣP Q 0 Q t N = Σ P W ( 10 8) 1 i= it it
163 N W V = Σ Σ P Q (10 9) i=1t=1 it it 100 (10 10) 100 (10 11)
164
165
166
167
168
169
170 V = t = R (1+ r) (11-1) 0 n t t t=1 n ( ) 1 =1 + t t
171 V = F + i F N 0 (11 12) 1 + r n V F i N n 0 r % %( ) % V0 = % ( 2) F + i F n V0 = ( 11 3) 1 + r n % V0 = % 2 = ( 3) n i F F V0 = t + n ( 11 4) ( 1 + r) ( 1 + r) t= % V = t + ( %) ( %) 0 2 t= 1 = 10( )
172 N F(1+ i) V 0 = n (11 5) (1+ r) N n 100 ( 1+ 10%) V0 = 2 ( 1+ 12%) = = B V = 0 n t=1 t 1 i F( 1+ i) F n + ( 1+ r) ( 1+ r) 7 n = i n F (1+ r) 1 F n + n (11 6) r ( 1+ r) (1+ r) 2 10% 100 ( 1+ 12%) 1 V = ( % 1 12%) ( 1+ 12%) = % ( 1+ 12%) 2 2 V = i (1+ r 2 ) 2n F 1 F 0 + r (1+ r (11 7) r 2n 2 ) 2n ( 1 + ) 2 2 B AIBD r = (1+ r') -1 n i F ( 1 + r) 1 F V 0 = n + n (11 8) 2( 1 + r -1) ( 1 + r) (1+ r)
173 F V 0 = (11 9) 1 - r n 365 n % 100 V0 = 1 12% = F V = ( 11 10) 0 ( 1+ r) n V0 = d (11 11) r V 0 d (Statedannualdiscountrate) r V0 = = 12% 6667.
174 d Dt V0 = + t ( 11 12) r t= 1 ( 1+ r ) d + E( Dt) V0 = ( 11 13) r D1 t E(Dt) tdt / V % R t V0 = t ( 11 14) ( 1 + r) t= 1 R R R t V0 = t ( 1 + r) t= 1 t 1 = R t t= 1 ( 1 + r) R = ( 11 15) r
175 008. V0 = 12% 067. (2) V = 0 N t=1 Rn (1+ r) Rm PN = ( 1+ r) n m= N+ 1 PN + ( 1+ r) N m N (11 16) V 0 = 0. 08( %) 1 12%) %) 3 ) + ( ( ( ( %) 3 = = 112.
176 2 s E0( 1+ g) s E0( 1+ g) s E0( 1+ g) V0 = ( 1+ r) ( 1+ r) ( 1+ r) D = s E D 0(1+ g) D 0(1+ g) D 0(1+ g) V 0 = (1+ r) (1+ r) ( 1+ r) D (1+ g) = = D 0 1 (r > g) (11 17) r - g r - g 85% 050. ( 1+ 5%) V0 = = % 5% (2) N t (1+ g) PN V 0 = t + N (11 18) t=1 (1+ r) ( 1+ r) 3 t %(1 + 5%) %) 20 V0 =.. ( t + 3 t= 1 ( %) ( %) = = 9. 86
177
178 V = 0 m n DN ( 1+ g) 1 m N m= N+ 1 ( 1+ r) ( 1+ r) DN+ 1 1 = N r g ( 1+ r) V = 0 N t= 1 N t= 1 D0( 1+ ga ) t ( 1+ r) D0( 1+ ga ) ( 1+ r) t t t + m= N+ 1 m n DN ( 1+ g) 1 m N ( 1+ r) ( 1+ r) N D 1 r g ( 1+ r) N t ( 1+ 10%) 0. 4( 1+ 10%) 1 V0 = t + 3 t= 1 ( 1+ 12%) 12% 5% ( 1+ 12%) = % 5% = 711. N N ( 11 19) % 3 5% 12%
179
180
181
182
183
184 100 (10-20)
185 = 100 (11-21) 3. = 100 (11-22) 4. = 100 (11-23) 5. = 100 (11-24)
186 = (11-25) 1 7. = 100 (11-26) 8. = (11-27)
187 = (11-28) = = (11-29)
188 = 100 (11-30) = + + (11-31) = 100 (11-32)
189 = ( ) (11-33) (2) = (11-34) ( ) = (11-35) (4) = (11-36) = (11-37)
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202 MAi = 1 N N-1 j=0 P (12 1) i- j
203
204 N ( ) (N) RSI i 100 N N (12 3) 100 (N) RSI i 100 (12 4) N 1 N
205 ( 9) RSI 9 = 100 ( ) + ( ) 52 = = = ( 9) RSI9 = = = ( 9) RSI = + =
206
207
208 2 (12 7) 1 DI C 2 + H + L (12 8) 4
209
210
211
212 n µρ = X µ (13 1) i=1 i i µ n X i = 1 i= σ S S σ σ S σ = X σ + 2 XiXjσ i j ( 13 2) ρ n i i i= 1 i= 1 j= 1 n n ij σ = ρ σ σ ( 13 3) ij ij i j
213 S ρ 2 σ ρ S ρ 2 σ i = σ ( 13 4) 2 ρ σ ρ σ σ σ = X σ 2( 1 X ) σ + ( 2 4X ) σ ( 13 6) p i i i j i ij 13 6 X 2 2σ p 2 2 = 2Xσ i 2( 1 Xi) σ j + ( 2 4Xi) σ ij ( 13 7) 2X i X σ + 2X σ 4X σ = 2σ 2σ i i i j i ij j ij 2 σi σij Xi = 2 2 σ + σ 2σ i j ij ( 13 8) σ ρ ρ σ ρ σ σ σ j( σi + σi ) σ j X = = ( 13 9) i ( σ + σ ) 2 ( σ + σ ) i j i j σ j ( σ + σ ) i j ρ σ ρ σ σ
214 X i X i 2 σ j = 2 2 ( 13 10) σ + σ i j 2 σ j = 2 2 σ + σ i j ρ σ ρ σ σ σ σ X = i 2 σ j σ σ 2 2 σ + σ 2σ σ i j j i i j σ j( σ j σi) = ( 13 11) ( σ σ )( σ σ ) j i j i σ σ σ σ σ + σ 2σ = σ σ σ σ i j ij j ij 2 i σ = 0 ij ρ σ σ = 0 2 i ij i j Θ σ ( σ ρ σ ) = 0 σ i i i ij j σ = 0 ρ ij = σ i j σi ρij σ j
215 σ σ σ = ( 1/ 2) 10 + ( 1/ 2) p = 2( 1/ 2) = ( 1/ 3) 10 + ( 1/ 3) 10 + ( 1/ 3) p = 3( 1/ 3) N = ( 1/ N) 10 + ( 1/ N) p = ( 1/ N) N 2 10 σ p = 2 10 = N N 10 2 Sp = σp = N ( )
216 n n 2 σρ = XiX jσ ij i= 1 j= 1 n µρ = Xiµ i ( 13 13) i= 1 N Xi = 1 i= 1 2 M σ in ρ (Lagrangian ObjectiveFunction) n n Z = X X σ + λ [ X µ µ ] + λ ( X 1) i= 1 n i j ij 1 i i ρ 2 j= 1 i= 1 i= 1 ( 13 14) X λ 0 (n + 2) Z 2 = 2X1σ1 + 2X2σ Xnσ1n + λ 1µ 1 + λ 2 = 0 X 1 Z 2 2 = 2X1σ12 + 2X2σ2 + 2 Xnσ 2n + λ 1µ 2 + λ2 = 0 X 2 Μ Z 2 2 ( 13 15) = 2X 1σn1 + 2X2σn Xnσn + λ 1µ n + λ2 = 0 X n Z = X1µ 1 + X2µ Xnµ n µ ρ = 0 λ 2 Z = X1 + X2 + + X = λ n n i i
217 C X K 2 2σ n X 1 2σ 12 2σ 1 µ σ 21 2σ 2 2 σ 2nµ 21 X2 0 Μ Μ Μ Μ Μ = Μ 2 2σ n 2 n 2 n n1 X 1 σ 2 σ µ n 0 µ 1µ 2 µ n00 λ1 µ ρ λ2 1
218 σ 2 t Θ r = a + b r + ε µ = E( r ) = a + b E( r ) + E( ε ) = a + b E( r ) ( 13 18) σ = V( r ) = V( a + b r + ε ) = b σ + σ ( 13 19) b i i i I i i i i i I i i i I i i i i I i i I εi 2 i σ σ εi
219 Θ µ = X µ µ ρ µ = X [ a + b E( r )] ρ n i= 1 = a + b E( r ) i i i I n i= 1 n i i i i i I = X ia i + E( ri ) X ib i ( 13 20) i= 1 n i= 1 β X = n X b n+ 1 i i i= n µ ρ = X a + X E( r ) i= 1 i i n+ 1 I σ = X σ + Σ X X σ Θ σ p i i n i= 1 n j= 1 X X σ i j ij n p Xi σi i= 1 i= 1 j= 1 Θ σ = b σ + σ i i I εi n n p I i i i εi i= 1 i= 1 σ = σ X b + x σ n n = 0 i j ij ( 13 22) X = n X b n+ 1 i i i= 1 n ( 13 23) σp = Xn+ 1σ I + Xiσ ε i ( 13 24) i= 1 2 µ σ ρ p
220 µ ρ
221 AG AG
222 µ m - R f µ ρ = R + σρ (13 25) σ µ σ µ σ µ M R σ ρ m m ρ m f R m β i m βi = cov(r,r ) 2 (13 26) σ m β = ΣX β (13 27) p i i µ
223 Θ u = f( β ) i u = a + bβ i i i µ = R + ( µ R ) β ( 13 28) i f m f i β µ β
224 λ λ λ λ λ λ λ
225 λ λ λ λ λ λ B F = ( ) = 100. γ F = ( % %) = 12% 13-1 ( ( ) (b) u F
226 (1) = X B = 0 β jp i j i= 1 (2) X i = 0 N i t m (3) X e = 0 λ λ λ n i= 1 i i
227
228 14-1
229
230 Qi PV = Σ n i 14-5 i=1( 1+ r) = ( 1 + r) ( 1+ r) ( 1 + r) K * = Vr 14 6 t t * * K K = Vr Vr = V( r r ) t t 1 t t 1 t t 1 * K = K * * I = K - K = K - K = V r 14-7 t t r = r r I t t t 1 t * * K K I I I t t t-1 t t t-1 t t t t t
231 i Kt = V(1 - λ) Σ λ r (0 < λ < 1) 14-8 i=0 t-i i ( 1 λ) ( 1 λ) λ ( 1 λ) λ 2 ( 1 λ) Σλ = 1 i K t 1 i = V(1- λ) Σ λ r 14-9 i=1 t-i-1 λ 14 9 i+ 1 λk = V( 1 λ) Σ λ r t K λk = ( 1 λ) Vr t t 1 t 0 t i 1 K K = ( 1 λ) Vr ( 1 λ) K t t 1 t t 1 * K = K = (1- λ) K - (1- λ) k t t-1 t t-1 * I = K K = ( 1 λ)( K K ) t t t 1 t t 1 λ K * t K * t
232 rt Pv = e [ Ptrt WtL t q tgi t ] dt α r = AK L β t t t r t Wt = L p t t r t Ct = K p t t C = q (r + δ) - q t t t δ Kt = K * t δ Pt rt Pt rt Pt rt Pt rt I t = β α α + β α α ( ) 1( ) + β( ) C C C C t t 1 t 1 t 2
233 β
234
235
236 dsw dy > 1 W dsw dy > 1 W
237
238 θ θ > 0 S t = S(W t, r t+1)0 < S w < 1Sr < i r ω 1 i
239 ω( i) r i 1 i ω( i) r i = 0 1 i r ω( i) = i 1 i
240 ( )
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248 Μ Y = I S Y 1 I 15 1 C 1 Y Y I S / Y 1 1 C / Y 15 1 S C 1 Y Y
249
250 n n n C Σ Yt = I( 1 + C + 2 C , C ) = I 15 2 t=1 1 C n 1 C 1 C
251 15 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (4) (2) 5 (5) (3) 5 (7)=(5)+(6)
252 η η
253
254 15 3 C b(y -l) I I a(c -C -1) I I I Y C I
255 ( 1 1 C) 3. V (1-1 - C) 4. 2 V 1 (1 1 C) 5. 2 ( C) V 2
256
257
258
259 15 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
260 15 5 ( ) (%) ?
261
262
263
264 15-9 (%) (%) / (%) (%)
265
266
267
268 m X I(V V m ) II(C C) X
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277 C = Q M m Q ( 16 M 1)
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291 ( ) ( ) A ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A ( ) ( )
292 % 60% 70% 70% 80% 80% 90% % 20
293 % 25% % 100% 3. 50% 50% 1. ( ) 2. ( ) ( )( )
294
295
296
297
298 R(1+ K) M 1 = (17 1) r 1 r
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
Ζ # % & ( ) % + & ) / 0 0 1 0 2 3 ( ( # 4 & 5 & 4 2 2 ( 1 ) ). / 6 # ( 2 78 9 % + : ; ( ; < = % > ) / 4 % 1 & % 1 ) 8 (? Α >? Β? Χ Β Δ Ε ;> Φ Β >? = Β Χ? Α Γ Η 0 Γ > 0 0 Γ 0 Β Β Χ 5 Ι ϑ 0 Γ 1 ) & Ε 0 Α
! # % & ( & # ) +& & # ). / 0 ) + 1 0 2 & 4 56 7 8 5 0 9 7 # & : 6/ # ; 4 6 # # ; < 8 / # 7 & & = # < > 6 +? # Α # + + Β # Χ Χ Χ > Δ / < Ε + & 6 ; > > 6 & > < > # < & 6 & + : & = & < > 6+?. = & & ) & >&
untitled
2005 www.esnai.com ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) β ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
! Ν! Ν Ν & ] # Α. 7 Α ) Σ ),, Σ 87 ) Ψ ) +Ε 1)Ε Τ 7 4, <) < Ε : ), > 8 7
![! Ν! Ν Ν & ] # Α. 7 Α ) Σ ),, Σ 87 ) Ψ ) +Ε 1)Ε Τ 7 4, <) < Ε : ), > 8 7](/thumbs/48/24501715.jpg "! Ν! Ν Ν & ] # Α. 7 Α ) Σ ),, Σ 87 ) Ψ ) +Ε 1)Ε Τ 7 4, <) < Ε : ), > 8 7")
!! # & ( ) +,. )/ 0 1, 2 ) 3, 4 5. 6 7 87 + 5 1!! # : ;< = > < < ;?? Α Β Χ Β ;< Α? 6 Δ : Ε6 Χ < Χ Α < Α Α Χ? Φ > Α ;Γ ;Η Α ;?? Φ Ι 6 Ε Β ΕΒ Γ Γ > < ϑ ( = : ;Α < : Χ Κ Χ Γ? Ε Ι Χ Α Ε? Α Χ Α ; Γ ;
1-1 + 1 + + 2 + + 3 + 4 5 + 6 + 7 8 + 9 + 1-2 1 20000 20000 20000 20000 2 10000 30000 10000 30000 3 5000 5000 30000 4 10000 20000 10000 20000 5 3000 3000 20000 6 3000 3000 20000 7 5000 15000 8 5000 15000
3978 30866 4 3 43 [] 3 30 4. [] . . 98 .3 ( ) 06 99 85 84 94 06 3 0 3 9 3 0 4 9 4 88 4 05 5 09 5 8 5 96 6 9 6 97 6 05 7 7 03 7 07 8 07 8 06 8 8 9 9 95 9 0 05 0 06 30 0 .5 80 90 3 90 00 7 00 0 3
08-01.indd
1 02 04 08 14 20 27 31 35 40 43 51 57 60 07 26 30 39 50 56 65 65 67 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ω ρ ε 23 λ ω < 1 ω < 1 ω > 0 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ρ 1 ρ σ b a x x i +3 x i
!! # % & ( )!!! # + %!!! &!!, # ( + #. ) % )/ # & /.
! # !! # % & ( )!!! # + %!!! &!!, # ( + #. ) % )/ # & /. #! % & & ( ) # (!! /! / + ) & %,/ #! )!! / & # 0 %#,,. /! &! /!! ) 0+(,, # & % ) 1 # & /. / & %! # # #! & & # # #. ).! & #. #,!! 2 34 56 7 86 9
Ρ Τ Π Υ 8 ). /0+ 1, 234) ς Ω! Ω! # Ω Ξ %& Π 8 Δ, + 8 ),. Ψ4) (. / 0+ 1, > + 1, / : ( 2 : / < Α : / %& %& Ζ Θ Π Π 4 Π Τ > [ [ Ζ ] ] %& Τ Τ Ζ Ζ Π
![Ρ Τ Π Υ 8 ). /0+ 1, 234) ς Ω! Ω! # Ω Ξ %& Π 8 Δ, + 8 ),. Ψ4) (. / 0+ 1, > + 1, / : ( 2 : / < Α : / %& %& Ζ Θ Π Π 4 Π Τ > [ [ Ζ ] ] %& Τ Τ Ζ Ζ Π](/thumbs/52/29426146.jpg "Ρ Τ Π Υ 8 ). /0+ 1, 234) ς Ω! Ω! # Ω Ξ %& Π 8 Δ, + 8 ),. Ψ4) (. / 0+ 1, > + 1, / : ( 2 : / < Α : / %& %& Ζ Θ Π Π 4 Π Τ > [ [ Ζ ] ] %& Τ Τ Ζ Ζ Π")
! # % & ( ) + (,. /0 +1, 234) % 5 / 0 6/ 7 7 & % 8 9 : / ; 34 : + 3. & < / = : / 0 5 /: = + % >+ ( 4 : 0, 7 : 0,? & % 5. / 0:? : / : 43 : 2 : Α : / 6 3 : ; Β?? : Α 0+ 1,4. Α? + & % ; 4 ( :. Α 6 4 : & %
&! +! # ## % & #( ) % % % () ) ( %
&! +! # ## % & #( ) % % % () ) ( % &! +! # ## % & #( ) % % % () ) ( % ,. /, / 0 0 1,! # % & ( ) + /, 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 6 9 : / ;. ; % % % % %. ) >? > /,,
! /. /. /> /. / Ε Χ /. 2 5 /. /. / /. 5 / Φ0 5 7 Γ Η Ε 9 5 /
! # %& ( %) & +, + % ) # % % ). / 0 /. /10 2 /3. /!. 4 5 /6. /. 7!8! 9 / 5 : 6 8 : 7 ; < 5 7 9 1. 5 /3 5 7 9 7! 4 5 5 /! 7 = /6 5 / 0 5 /. 7 : 6 8 : 9 5 / >? 0 /.? 0 /1> 30 /!0 7 3 Α 9 / 5 7 9 /. 7 Β Χ9
!! )!!! +,./ 0 1 +, 2 3 4, # 8,2 6, 2 6,,2 6, 2 6 3,2 6 5, 2 6 3, 2 6 9!, , 2 6 9, 2 3 9, 2 6 9,
! # !! )!!! +,./ 0 1 +, 2 3 4, 23 3 5 67 # 8,2 6, 2 6,,2 6, 2 6 3,2 6 5, 2 6 3, 2 6 9!, 2 6 65, 2 6 9, 2 3 9, 2 6 9, 2 6 3 5 , 2 6 2, 2 6, 2 6 2, 2 6!!!, 2, 4 # : :, 2 6.! # ; /< = > /?, 2 3! 9 ! #!,!!#.,
-2 4 - cr 5 - 15 3 5 ph 6.5-8.5 () 450 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.1 mg/l 1.0 mg/l 1.0 mg/l () 0.002 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 250 mg/l 250 mg/l 1000 mg/l 1.0 mg/l 0.05 mg/l 0.05 mg/l 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l 0.01 mg/l () 0.05 mg/l
4= 8 4 < 4 ϑ = 4 ϑ ; 4 4= = 8 : 4 < : 4 < Κ : 4 ϑ ; : = 4 4 : ;
! #! % & ( ) +!, + +!. / 0 /, 2 ) 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 8 9 : 9 ;< 9 = = = 4 ) > (/?08 4 ; ; 8 Β Χ 2 ΔΔ2 4 4 8 4 8 4 8 Ε Φ Α, 3Γ Η Ι 4 ϑ 8 4 ϑ 8 4 8 4 < 8 4 5 8 4 4
., /,, 0!, + & )!. + + (, &, & 1 & ) ) 2 2 ) 1! 2 2
! # &!! ) ( +, ., /,, 0!, + & )!. + + (, &, & 1 & ) ) 2 2 ) 1! 2 2 ! 2 2 & & 1 3! 3, 4 45!, 2! # 1 # ( &, 2 &, # 7 + 4 3 ) 8. 9 9 : ; 4 ), 1!! 4 4 &1 &,, 2! & 1 2 1! 1! 1 & 2, & 2 & < )4 )! /! 4 4 &! &,
,!! #! > 1? = 4!! > = 5 4? 2 Α Α!.= = 54? Β. : 2>7 2 1 Χ! # % % ( ) +,. /0, , ) 7. 2
! # %!% # ( % ) + %, ). ) % %(/ / %/!! # %!! 0 1 234 5 6 2 7 8 )9!2: 5; 1? = 4!! > = 5 4? 2 Α 7 72 1 Α!.= = 54?2 72 1 Β. : 2>7 2 1 Χ! # % % ( ) +,.
, ( 6 7 8! 9! (, 4 : : ; 0.<. = (>!? Α% ), Β 0< Χ 0< Χ 2 Δ Ε Φ( 7 Γ Β Δ Η7 (7 Ι + ) ϑ!, 4 0 / / 2 / / < 5 02
! # % & ( ) +, ) %,! # % & ( ( ) +,. / / 01 23 01 4, 0/ / 5 0 , ( 6 7 8! 9! (, 4 : : ; 0.!? Α% ), Β 0< Χ 0< Χ 2 Δ Ε Φ( 7 Γ Β Δ 5 3 3 5 3 1 Η7 (7 Ι + ) ϑ!, 4 0 / / 2 / 3 0 0 / < 5 02 Ν!.! %) / 0
Π Ρ! #! % & #! (! )! + %!!. / 0% # 0 2 3 3 4 7 8 9 Δ5?? 5 9? Κ :5 5 7 < 7 Δ 7 9 :5? / + 0 5 6 6 7 : ; 7 < = >? : Α8 5 > :9 Β 5 Χ : = 8 + ΑΔ? 9 Β Ε 9 = 9? : ; : Α 5 9 7 3 5 > 5 Δ > Β Χ < :? 3 9? 5 Χ 9 Β
# # # #!! % &! # % 6 & () ) &+ & ( & +, () + 0. / & / &1 / &1, & ( ( & +. 4 / &1 5,
# # # #!! % &! # % 6 & () ) &+ & ( & +, () + 0. / & / &1 / &1, & ( 0 2 3 ( & +. 4 / &1 5, !! & 6 7! 6! &1 + 51, (,1 ( 5& (5( (5 & &1 8. +5 &1 +,,( ! (! 6 9/: ;/:! % 7 3 &1 + ( & &, ( && ( )
/ Ν #, Ο / ( = Π 2Θ Ε2 Ρ Σ Π 2 Θ Ε Θ Ρ Π 2Θ ϑ2 Ρ Π 2 Θ ϑ2 Ρ Π 23 8 Ρ Π 2 Θϑ 2 Ρ Σ Σ Μ Π 2 Θ 3 Θ Ρ Κ2 Σ Π 2 Θ 3 Θ Ρ Κ Η Σ Π 2 ϑ Η 2 Ρ Π Ρ Π 2 ϑ Θ Κ Ρ Π
! # #! % & ( ) % # # +, % #. % ( # / ) % 0 1 + ) % 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 # 7 % 0 8 + % 8 + 9 ) 9 # % : ; + % 5! + )+)#. + + < ) ( # )# < # # % 0 < % + % + < + ) = ( 0 ) # + + # % )#!# +), (? ( # +) # + ( +. #!,
8 9 8 Δ 9 = 1 Η Ι4 ϑ< Κ Λ 3ϑ 3 >1Ε Μ Ε 8 > = 8 9 =
!! % & ( & ),,., / 0 1. 0 0 3 4 0 5 3 6!! 7 8 9 8!! : ; < = > :? Α 4 8 9 < Β Β : Δ Ε Δ Α = 819 = Γ 8 9 8 Δ 9 = 1 Η Ι4 ϑ< Κ Λ 3ϑ 3 >1Ε 8 9 0 Μ Ε 8 > 9 8 9 = 8 9 = 819 8 9 =
! # %& ( %! & & + %!, ( Α Α Α Α Χ Χ Α Χ Α Α Χ Α Α Α Α
Ε! # % & ( )%! & & + %!, (./ 0 1 & & 2. 3 &. 4/. %! / (! %2 % ( 5 4 5 ) 2! 6 2! 2 2. / & 7 2! % &. 3.! & (. 2 & & / 8 2. ( % 2 & 2.! 9. %./ 5 : ; 5. % & %2 2 & % 2!! /. . %! & % &? & 5 6!% 2.
= = P P = n 0 ( 1+ r) n P P = n 0 1 + r n 5000000 P 0 = 7 = 2565791( ) ( 1+ 10%) 5000000 P 0 = = 2941176. 4( ) ( 1+ 10% 7 ) M( 1+ i n ) P = 1+ r n n M( 1 + i) P = n ( 1 + r) n C C C M P = + + 2 + +
Β 8 Α ) ; %! #?! > 8 8 Χ Δ Ε ΦΦ Ε Γ Δ Ε Η Η Ι Ε ϑ 8 9 :! 9 9 & ϑ Κ & ϑ Λ &! &!! 4!! Μ Α!! ϑ Β & Ν Λ Κ Λ Ο Λ 8! % & Π Θ Φ & Ρ Θ & Θ & Σ ΠΕ # & Θ Θ Σ Ε
! #!! % & ( ) +,. /. 0,(,, 2 4! 6! #!!! 8! &! % # & # &! 9 8 9 # : : : : :!! 9 8 9 # #! %! ; &! % + & + & < = 8 > 9 #!!? Α!#!9 Α 8 8!!! 8!%! 8! 8 Β 8 Α ) ; %! #?! > 8 8 Χ Δ Ε ΦΦ Ε Γ Δ Ε Η Η Ι Ε ϑ 8 9 :!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 33 1 33 20 = 13.4 33 13.4 = 46.4 9% 9% 7% 2 ( 1+ K2) f2 = 1 ( 34. ) ( 1+ K ) 1 7% 11.04% n ( 1+ K ) = ( 1+ K )( 1+ f )( 1+ f ) Λ ( 1+ f )
) Μ <Κ 1 > < # % & ( ) % > Χ < > Δ Χ < > < > / 7 ϑ Ν < Δ 7 ϑ Ν > < 8 ) %2 ): > < Ο Ε 4 Π : 2 Θ >? / Γ Ι) = =? Γ Α Ι Ρ ;2 < 7 Σ6 )> Ι= Η < Λ 2 % & 1 &
! # % & ( ) % + ),. / & 0 1 + 2. 3 ) +.! 4 5 2 2 & 5 0 67 1) 8 9 6.! :. ;. + 9 < = = = = / >? Α ) /= Β Χ Β Δ Ε Β Ε / Χ ΦΓ Χ Η Ι = = = / = = = Β < ( # % & ( ) % + ),. > (? Φ?? Γ? ) Μ
& &((. ) ( & ) 6 0 &6,: & ) ; ; < 7 ; = = ;# > <# > 7 # 0 7#? Α <7 7 < = ; <
! # %& ( )! & +, &. / 0 # # 1 1 2 # 3 4!. &5 (& ) 6 0 0 2! +! +( &) 6 0 7 & 6 8. 9 6 &((. ) 6 4. 6 + ( & ) 6 0 &6,: & )6 0 3 7 ; ; < 7 ; = = ;# > 7 # 0 7#? Α
8 9 < ; ; = < ; : < ;! 8 9 % ; ϑ 8 9 <; < 8 9 <! 89! Ε Χ ϑ! ϑ! ϑ < ϑ 8 9 : ϑ ϑ 89 9 ϑ ϑ! ϑ! < ϑ < = 8 9 Χ ϑ!! <! 8 9 ΧΧ ϑ! < < < < = 8 9 <! = 8 9 <! <
! # % ( ) ( +, +. ( / 0 1) ( 2 1 1 + ( 3 4 5 6 7! 89 : ; 8 < ; ; = 9 ; ; 8 < = 9! ; >? 8 = 9 < : ; 8 < ; ; = 9 8 9 = : : ; = 8 9 = < 8 < 9 Α 8 9 =; %Β Β ; ; Χ ; < ; = :; Δ Ε Γ Δ Γ Ι 8 9 < ; ; = < ; :
> # ) Β Χ Χ 7 Δ Ε Φ Γ 5 Η Γ + Ι + ϑ Κ 7 # + 7 Φ 0 Ε Φ # Ε + Φ, Κ + ( Λ # Γ Κ Γ # Κ Μ 0 Ν Ο Κ Ι Π, Ι Π Θ Κ Ι Π ; 4 # Ι Π Η Κ Ι Π. Ο Κ Ι ;. Ο Κ Ι Π 2 Η
1 )/ 2 & +! # % & ( ) +, + # # %. /& 0 4 # 5 6 7 8 9 6 : : : ; ; < = > < # ) Β Χ Χ 7 Δ Ε Φ Γ 5 Η Γ + Ι + ϑ Κ 7 # + 7 Φ 0 Ε Φ # Ε + Φ, Κ + ( Λ # Γ Κ Γ #
! # % & # % & ( ) % % %# # %+ %% % & + %, ( % % &, & #!.,/, % &, ) ) ( % %/ ) %# / + & + (! ) &, & % & ( ) % % (% 2 & % ( & 3 % /, 4 ) %+ %( %!
! # # % & ( ) ! # % & # % & ( ) % % %# # %+ %% % & + %, ( % % &, & #!.,/, % &, ) ) ( % %/ ) 0 + 1 %# / + & + (! ) &, & % & ( ) % % (% 2 & % ( & 3 % /, 4 ) %+ %( %! # ( & & 5)6 %+ % ( % %/ ) ( % & + %/
& & ) ( +( #, # &,! # +., ) # % # # % ( #
! # % & # (! & & ) ( +( #, # &,! # +., ) # % # # % ( # Ι! # % & ( ) & % / 0 ( # ( 1 2 & 3 # ) 123 #, # #!. + 4 5 6, 7 8 9 : 5 ; < = >?? Α Β Χ Δ : 5 > Ε Φ > Γ > Α Β #! Η % # (, # # #, & # % % %+ ( Ι # %
PowerPoint 演示文稿
. ttp://www.reej.com 4-9-9 4-9-9 . a b { } a b { }. Φ ϕ ϕ ϕ { } Φ a b { }. ttp://www.reej.com 4-9-9 . ~ ma{ } ~ m m{ } ~ m~ ~ a b but m ~ 4-9-9 4 . P : ; Φ { } { ϕ ϕ a a a a a R } P pa ttp://www.reej.com
. /!Ι Γ 3 ϑκ, / Ι Ι Ι Λ, Λ +Ι Λ +Ι
! # % & ( ) +,& ( + &. / 0 + 1 0 + 1,0 + 2 3., 0 4 2 /.,+ 5 6 / 78. 9: ; < = : > ; 9? : > Α
ο HOH 104 31 O H 0.9568 A 1 1 109 28 1.01A ο Q C D t z = ρ z 1 1 z t D z z z t Qz = 1 2 z D z 2 2 Cl HCO SO CO 3 4 3 3 4 HCO SO 2 3 65 2 1 F0. 005H SiO0. 032M 0. 38 T4 9 ( K + Na) Ca 6 0 2 7 27 1-9
2 2 Λ ϑ Δ Χ Δ Ι> 5 Λ Λ Χ Δ 5 Β. Δ Ι > Ε!!Χ ϑ : Χ Ε ϑ! ϑ Β Β Β ϑ Χ Β! Β Χ 5 ϑ Λ ϑ % < Μ / 4 Ν < 7 :. /. Ο 9 4 < / = Π 7 4 Η 7 4 =
! # % # & ( ) % # ( +, & % # ) % # (. / ). 1 2 3 4! 5 6 4. 7 8 9 4 : 2 ; 4 < = = 2 >9 3? & 5 5 Α Α 1 Β ΧΔ Ε Α Φ 7 Γ 9Η 8 Δ Ι > Δ / ϑ Κ Α Χ Ε ϑ Λ ϑ 2 2 Λ ϑ Δ Χ Δ Ι> 5 Λ Λ Χ Δ 5 Β. Δ Ι > Ε!!Χ ϑ : Χ Ε ϑ!
9!!!! #!! : ;!! <! #! # & # (! )! & ( # # #+
! #! &!! # () +( +, + ) + (. ) / 0 1 2 1 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 51 0 6. 6 (78 1 & 9!!!! #!! : ;!! ? &! : < < &? < Α!!&! : Χ / #! : Β??. Δ?. ; ;
= Υ Ξ & 9 = ) %. Ο) Δ Υ Ψ &Ο. 05 3; Ι Ι + 4) &Υ ϑ% Ο ) Χ Υ &! 7) &Ξ) Ζ) 9 [ )!! Τ 9 = Δ Υ Δ Υ Ψ (
! # %! & (!! ) +, %. ( +/ 0 1 2 3. 4 5 6 78 9 9 +, : % % : < = % ;. % > &? 9! ) Α Β% Χ %/ 3. Δ 8 ( %.. + 2 ( Φ, % Γ Η. 6 Γ Φ, Ι Χ % / Γ 3 ϑκ 2 5 6 Χ8 9 9 Λ % 2 Χ & % ;. % 9 9 Μ3 Ν 1 Μ 3 Φ Λ 3 Φ ) Χ. 0
1984 1985 2130 1006 366 405 379 324 4601 2327 1169 524 555 440 361 5376 1984 51.4 31.8 56.2 2.6 45.4 28.3 29.8 16.7 44.2 34.9 665.4 10.1 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 121.1 124.5 116.0 117.9 130.1 81.6
!!! #! )! ( %!! #!%! % + % & & ( )) % & & #! & )! ( %! ),,, )
! # % & # % ( ) & + + !!! #! )! ( %!! #!%! % + % & & ( )) % & & #! & )! ( %! ),,, ) 6 # / 0 1 + ) ( + 3 0 ( 1 1( ) ) ( 0 ) 4 ( ) 1 1 0 ( ( ) 1 / ) ( 1 ( 0 ) ) + ( ( 0 ) 0 0 ( / / ) ( ( ) ( 5 ( 0 + 0 +
: ; # 7 ( 8 7
(! # % & ( ) +,. / +. 0 0 ) 1. 2 3 +4 1/,5,6 )/ ) 7 7 8 9 : ; 7 8 7 # 7 ( 8 7 ; ;! #! % & % ( # ) % + # # #, # % + &! #!. #! # # / 0 ( / / 0! #,. # 0(! #,. # 0!. # 0 0 7 7 < = # ; & % ) (, ) ) ) ) ) )!
4 # = # 4 Γ = 4 0 = 4 = 4 = Η, 6 3 Ι ; 9 Β Δ : 8 9 Χ Χ ϑ 6 Κ Δ ) Χ 8 Λ 6 ;3 Ι 6 Χ Δ : Χ 9 Χ Χ ϑ 6 Κ
! # % & & ( ) +, %. % / 0 / 2 3! # 4 ) 567 68 5 9 9 : ; > >? 3 6 7 : 9 9 7 4! Α = 42 6Β 3 Χ = 42 3 6 3 3 = 42 : 0 3 3 = 42 Δ 3 Β : 0 3 Χ 3 = 42 Χ Β Χ 6 9 = 4 =, ( 9 6 9 75 3 6 7 +. / 9
《分析化学辞典》_数据处理条目_1.DOC
3 4 5 6 7 χ χ m.303 B = f log f log C = m f = = m = f m C = + 3( m ) f = f f = m = f f = n n m B χ α χ α,( m ) H µ σ H 0 µ = µ H σ = 0 σ H µ µ H σ σ α H0 H α 0 H0 H0 H H 0 H 0 8 = σ σ σ = ( n ) σ n σ /
untitled
995 + t lim( ) = te dt =. α α = lim[( + ) ] = e, α α α α = t t t t te dt = tde = te α α e dt = αe e, =, e α = αe α e α, α =. y z = yf, f( u) z + yz y =. z y y y y y y z = yf + y f = yf f, y y y y z y =
! Β Β? Β ( >?? >? %? Γ Β? %? % % %? Χ Η Ιϑ Κ 5 8 Λ 9. Μ Ν Ο Χ? Π Β # % Χ Χ Θ Ρ% Ρ% Θ!??? % < & Θ
! # % & ( ) +,. / 0 1 + 2. 3 4. 56. / 7 89 8.,6 2 ; # ( ( ; ( ( ( # ? >? % > 64 5 5Α5. Α 8/ 56 5 9. > Β 8. / Χ 8 9 9 5 Δ Ε 5, 9 8 2 3 8 //5 5! Α 8/ 56/ 9. Φ ( < % < ( > < ( %! # ! Β Β? Β ( >?? >?
1 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 9 3 4 5 7 1 7 4 2 0 10 4 1 0 6 2 2 7 3 5 4 0 11 4 1 6 7 3 4 2 6 1 12 3 2 6 4 4 7 7 4 0 13 0 3 2 7 5 2 5 7 0 14 2 4 6 0 6 7 2 0 0 15 3 6 5 1 0 7 6 2 5 1 16 4 4 6 0 8 1 2 4 6 17 4
< < ; : % & < % & > & % &? > & 5 % & ( ; & & % & Α Β + 8 ; Α9 Χ Δ () Χ Δ Ε 41 Φ # (Β % Γ : 9 Χ Δ Η +9 Χ Δ 2 9 Χ Δ 2 0 /? % & Ι 1 ϑ Κ 3 % & % & + 9 Β 9
!! #! % & ( ) +,. / 0 1 2 34 5 6 % & +7 % & 89 % & % & 79 % & : % & < < ; : % & < % & > & % &? > & 5 % & ( ; & & % & Α Β + 8 ; Α9 Χ Δ () Χ Δ Ε 41 Φ # (Β % Γ : 9 Χ Δ Η +9 Χ Δ 2 9 Χ Δ 2 0 /? % & Ι 1 ϑ Κ
Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 Ⅲ Ⅳ
Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 Ⅲ Ⅳ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
80 , 1993 45 000, 17, 70,160,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2004 80,,,,2004 80 2004 80 2004, :,,,,, 2004,,,,, 2004 80, 1 ,,,,, : yqingg@hotmail.com 2004 80 2004 5 2 1 1 1 2004 2 8 2004 ( 2004 ) 12 13 13 13 14 14
! # %! #! #! # % + &, % % ) %. /! # 0 1
! # %! #! #! # % + &, % % ) %. /! # 0 1 2 32 % 4! #! # 4 4 2 32 4 4! # 2 32 ! # % 2 5 2 32 % % 6 2 7 8 %! 6 # %3 3 9 % /, 9 % 2 % % 3 #7 9 % 2 8 7 2 % 3 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 3 9 8 8 % 3! # 7 12 1191 1 ; % %
8 9 : < : 3, 1 4 < 8 3 = >? 4 =?,( 3 4 1( / =? =? : 3, : 4 9 / < 5 3, ; > 8? : 5 4 +? Α > 6 + > 3, > 5 <? 9 5 < =, Β >5
0 ( 1 0 % (! # % & ( ) + #,. / / % (! 3 4 5 5 5 3 4,( 7 8 9 /, 9 : 6, 9 5,9 8,9 7 5,9!,9 ; 6 / 9! # %#& 7 8 < 9 & 9 9 : < 5 ( ) 8 9 : < : 3, 1 4 < 8 3 = >? 4 =?,( 3 4 1( / =? =? : 3, : 4 9 / < 5 3, 5 4
ⅠⅡⅢ Ⅳ
ⅠⅡⅢ Ⅳ ! "!"#$%&!!! !"#$%& ()*+,!"" *! " !! " #$%& ( Δ !"#$%& ()*+,!"" * !! " #$%& ( !"#$%& ()*+,!"" * !! " #$%& ( !"#$%& ()*+,!"" * !! " #$%& (! # !"#$%& ()*+,!"" * !! " #$%& ( 1 1 !"#$%& ()*+,!"" *
# # 4 + % ( ) ( /! 3 (0 0 (012 0 # (,!./ %
#! # # %! # + 5 + # 4 + % ( ) ( /! 3 (0 0 (012 0 # (,!./ % ,9 989 + 8 9 % % % % # +6 # % 7, # (% ) ,,? % (, 8> % %9 % > %9 8 % = ΑΒ8 8 ) + 8 8 >. 4. ) % 8 # % =)= )
untitled
4 y l y y y l,, (, ) ' ( ) ' ( ) y, y f ) ( () f f ( ) (l ) t l t lt l f ( t) f ( ) t l f ( ) d (l ) C f ( ) C, f ( ) (l ) L y dy yd π y L y cosθ, π θ : siθ, π yd dy L [ cosθ cosθ siθ siθ ] dθ π π π si
υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ è é é è υυ ν ε ε è α α α α α α α α α τ E h L. ν = λ = h p Ξ v k ν pe nµ Λ ν µ ν µ ε µ π ~ n p n np ~ π N Ξ + p n o o Λ Ξ Ξ SU 3
( ) (! +)! #! () % + + %, +,!#! # # % + +!
!! # % & & & &! # # % ( ) (! +)! #! () % + + %, +,!#! # # % + +! ! %!!.! /, ()!!# 0 12!# # 0 % 1 ( ) #3 % & & () (, 3)! #% % 4 % + +! (!, ), %, (!!) (! 3 )!, 1 4 ( ) % % + % %!%! # # !)! % &! % () (! %
% %! # % & ( ) % # + # # % # # & & % ( #,. %
!!! # #! # % & % %! # % & ( ) % # + # # % # # & & % ( #,. % , ( /0 ) %, + ( 1 ( 2 ) + %, ( 3, ( 123 % & # %, &% % #, % ( ) + & &% & ( & 4 ( & # 4 % #, #, ( ) + % 4 % & &, & & # / / % %, &% ! # #! # # #
1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 19 ~ R = VC = FCC = dep = ( ) EBIT = rd = EBT = tax = = T( EBT) ~ NI = Div = Rtd. FE. = ( ) 19 ~ R = VC FCC dep EBIT rd EBT tax N. I Div Rtd. E. 12.3119 0 12.3119
國立中山大學學位論文典藏.PDF
95 06 ...1...1...3...5...6...7...7...10...13...13...14...14...15...17...18...19...22...22 ...22...27...31...41...53...61...61...63...64 1 2 3 4 5 VAR VAR Johansen VECM 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 E( y ) =
M ( ) K F ( ) A M ( ) 1815 (probable error) F W ( ) J ( ) n! M ( ) T ( ) L ( ) T (171
1 [ ]H L E B ( ) statistics state G (150l--1576) G (1564 1642) 16 17 ( ) C B (1623 1662) P (1601--16S5) O W (1646 1716) (1654 1705) (1667--1748) (1687--H59) (1700 1782) J (1620 1674) W (1623 1687) E (1656
% & :?8 & : 3 ; Λ 3 3 # % & ( ) + ) # ( ), ( ) ). ) / & /:. + ( ;< / 0 ( + / = > = =? 2 & /:. + ( ; < % >=? ) 2 5 > =? 2 Α 1 Β 1 + Α
# % & ( ) # +,. / 0 1 2 /0 1 0 3 4 # 5 7 8 / 9 # & : 9 ; & < 9 = = ;.5 : < 9 98 & : 9 %& : < 9 2. = & : > 7; 9 & # 3 2
Γ Ν Ν, 1 Ο ( Π > Π Θ 5?, ΔΓ 2 ( ΜΡ > Σ 6 = Η 1 Β Δ 1 = Δ Ι Δ 1 4 Χ ΓΗ 5 # Θ Γ Τ Δ Β 4 Δ 4. > 1 Δ 4 Φ? < Ο 9! 9 :; ;! : 9!! Υ9 9 9 ; = 8; = ; =
! 0 1 # & ( & ) +! &,. & /.#. & 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : 9 ; < = : > < = 9< 4 ; < = 1 9 ; 3; : : ; : ;? < 5 51 ΑΒ Χ Δ Ε 51 Δ!! 1Φ > = Β Γ Η Α ΒΧ Δ Ε 5 11!! Ι ϑ 5 / Γ 5 Κ Δ Ε Γ Δ 4 Φ Δ Λ< 5 Ε 8 Μ9 6 8 7 9 Γ Ν
《分析化学辞典》_数据处理条目_2.DOC
lg lg ) (lg µ lg lg lg g g g lg lg g lg g () f ma m ) ( ma f ) ( m f w w w w w / s s µ w sw w s w m s s m ( y Y ) w[ y ( a b Q w Q w w + Q w w a b )] a b H H H H H H α H α H H β H H H α H H α H H α α H
Α 3 Α 2Η # # > # 8 6 5# Ι + ϑ Κ Ι Ι Ι Η Β Β Β Β Β Β ΔΕ Β Β Γ 8 < Φ Α Α # >, 0 Η Λ Μ Ν Ο Β 8 1 Β Π Θ 1 Π Β 0 Λ Μ 1 Ρ 0 Μ ϑ Σ ϑ Τ Ο Λ 8 ϑ
! # % & ( ) % + ( ), & ). % & /. % 0 1!! 2 3 4 5# 6 7 8 3 5 5 9 # 8 3 3 2 4 # 3 # # 3 # 3 # 3 # 3 # # # ( 3 # # 3 5 # # 8 3 6 # # # # # 8 5# :;< 6#! 6 =! 6 > > 3 2?0 1 4 3 4! 6 Α 3 Α 2Η4 3 3 2 4 # # >
2 1 4 % 19.5 15 19.2 24.3 27 25.0 55.2 58 55.8 16.9 19 16.3 30.6 33 32.6 52.5 48 51.1 54.8 52 54.05 45.2 40 45.95 8 1 2 3 P nmu / s 3 a P V b RT r 2 dp dt Q = T(V V 1 2
untitled
6 + a lim = 8, a =. a l. a a + a a a a lim = lim + = e, a a a e = 8 a= l ( 6,, ), 4 y+ z = 8. + y z = ( 6,, ) 4 y z 8 a ( 6,, ) + = = { } i j k 4,,, s = 6 = i+ j k. 4 ( ) ( y ) ( z ) + y z =. + =, () y
Φ2,.. + Φ5Β( 31 (+ 4, 2 (+, Η, 8 ( (2 3.,7,Χ,) 3 :9, 4 (. 3 9 (+, 52, 2 (1 7 8 ΙΜ 12 (5 4 5? ), 7, Χ, ) 3 :9, 4( > (+,,3, ( 1 Η 34 3 )7 1 )? 54
!! # %& ( ) +, ( ),./0 12,2 34 (+,, 52, 2 (67 8 3., 9: ), ; 5, 4, < 5) ( (, 2 (3 3 1 6 4, (+,,3,0 ( < 58 34 3 )7 1 54 5, 2 2 54, +,. 2 ( :5 ( > 4 ( 37 1, ( 3 4 5? 3 1 (, 9 :), ; 5 4 )1 7 4 )3 5( 34 2 Α
4 A C n n, AA = A A, A,,, Hermite, Hermite,, A, A A, A, A 4 (, 4,, A A, ( A C n n, A A n, 4 A = (a ij n n, λ, λ,, λ n A n n ( (Schur λ i n
,?,,, A, A ( Gauss m n A B P Q ( Ir B = P AQ r(a = r, A Ax = b P Ax = P b, x = Qy, ( Ir y = P b (4 (4, A A = ( P Ir Q,,, Schur, Cholesky LU, ( QR,, Schur,, (,,, 4 A AA = A A Schur, U U AU = T AA = A A
1 3 5657 1960 91 106 Karl HassertDie St(dte Geographisch BetrachtetLeipzig. R.BlanchardGrenobleétudedeGeographieUrbainePrais1911. TaglorT.G.Urban Geography1946New YorkE.P.Dutton. 2 1 48 46 ä 111 486
untitled
arctan lim ln +. 6 ( + ). arctan arctan + ln 6 lim lim lim y y ( ln ) lim 6 6 ( + ) y + y dy. d y yd + dy ln d + dy y ln d d dy, dy ln d, y + y y dy dy ln y+ + d d y y ln ( + ) + dy d dy ln d dy + d 7.
9 : : ; 7 % 8
! 0 4 1 % # % & ( ) # + #, ( ) + ) ( ). / 2 3 %! 5 6 7! 8 6 7 5 9 9 : 6 7 8 : 17 8 7 8 ; 7 % 8 % 8 ; % % 8 7 > : < % % 7! = = = : = 8 > > ; 7 Ε Β Β % 17 7 :! # # %& & ( ) + %&, %& ) # 8. / 0. 1 2 3 4 5
; < 5 6 => 6 % = 5
! # % ( ),,. / 0. 1, ) 2 3, 3+ 3 # 4 + % 5 6 67 5 6, 8 8 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 9! 7 9 9 6 : 6 ; 7 7 7 < 5 6 => 6 % = 5 Δ 5 6 ; Β ;? # Ε 6 = 6 Α Ε ; ; ; ; Φ Α Α Ε 0 Α Α Α Α Α Α Α Α Α Α Α Α Α Β Α Α Α Α Α
无粘结预应力混凝土结构技术规程jgj doc
3 l 4 5 6 ptk py mm l 500 0 gt ε pk A η a ε apu η a ε apu F Fapu ηpfpm apu Fpm ηp ηp ηp pm A p ptk 3 tk tk tk tk tk tk tk 4 5 6 pe = pe con 5 n= ln con ln l5 l4 l 5..4 l 7 a l = E p l a l E p l l l l
% % %/ + ) &,. ) ) (!
! ( ) + & # % % % %/ + ) &,. ) ) (! 1 2 0 3. 34 0 # & 5 # #% & 6 7 ( ) .)( #. 8!, ) + + < ; & ; & # : 0 9.. 0?. = > /! )( + < 4 +Χ Α # Β 0 Α ) Δ. % ΕΦ 5 1 +. # Ι Κ +,0. Α ϑ. + Ι4 Β Η 5 Γ 1 7 Μ,! 0 1 0
微积分 授课讲义
2018 10 aiwanjun@sjtu.edu.cn 1201 / 18:00-20:20 213 14:00-17:00 I II Taylor : , n R n : x = (x 1, x 2,..., x n ) R; x, x y ; δ( ) ; ; ; ; ; ( ) ; ( / ) ; ; Ů(P 1,δ) P 1 U(P 0,δ) P 0 Ω P 1: 1.1 ( ). Ω
W L Gates.Open Lecture The influences of the ocean on climate.scientific lecture at the 28th section of the ECWMO.WMO Bulletin. July1977168 169. WCP 1 WCRP2 WCAP 3 WCIP4 WCDP .. 1991 A Henderson-SellersP
7 6 Η : Δ >! % 4 Τ & Β( Β) 5 &! Α Υ Υ 2 Η 7 %! Φ! Β! 7 : 7 9 Λ 9 :? : 9 Λ Λ 7 Φ! : > 9 : 7Δ 2 Η : 7 ΛΔ := ς : Ν 7 Λ Δ = Ν : Ν 7 ΛΔ : = Λ ς :9 Λ 7 Λ! Λ
! % & ( ),. / & 0 1 & 2 1 // % & 3 0 4 5 ( 6( ) ( & 7 8 9:! ; < / 4 / 7 = : > : 8 > >? :! 0 1 & 7 8 Α :! 4 Β ( & Β ( ( 5 ) 6 Χ 8 Δ > 8 7:?! < 2 4 & Ε ; 0 Φ & % & 3 0 1 & 7 8 Α?! Γ ), Η % 6 Β% 3 Ι Β ϑ Ι
Β Χ + Δ Ε /4 10 ) > : > 8 / 332 > 2 / 4 + Φ + Γ 0 4 Η / 8 / 332 / 2 / 4 + # + Ι + ϑ /) 5 >8 /3 2>2 / 4 + ( )( + 8 ; 8 / 8. 8 :
!! # % & % () + (. / 0 ) 1 233 /. / 4 2 0 2 + + 5. 2 / 6 ) 6. 0 ) 7. 8 1 6 / 2 9 2 :+ ; < 8 10 ; + + ( =0 41 6< / >0 7 0?2) 29 + +.. 81 6> Α 29 +8 Β Χ + Δ Ε /4 10 )+ 2 +. 8 1 6 > 2 9 2 : > 8 / 332 > 2
= 6 = 9 >> = Φ > =9 > Κ Λ ΘΠΗ Ρ Λ 9 = Ρ > Ν 6 Κ = 6 > Ρ Κ = > Ρ Σ Ρ = Δ5 Τ > Τ Η 6 9 > Υ Λ Β =? Η Λ 9 > Η ς? 6 = 9 > Ρ Κ Φ 9 Κ = > Φ Φ Ψ = 9 > Ψ = Φ?
4 5 6 + 5! # % & ( ) +, ). /, 0 1 # % & ( ) + 2 ( 3 ) & 8 9 : ; ? 6 Α Β9 # ΧΔ = Φ > =9 > Κ Λ
( ) Wuhan University
Email: huangzh@whueducn, 47 Wuhan Univesity i L A TEX,, : http://affwhueducn/huangzh/ 8 4 49 7 ii : : 4 ; 8 a b c ; a b c 4 4 8 a b c b c a ; c a b x y x + y y x + y x x + y x y 4 + + 8 8 4 4 + 8 + 6 4
untitled
998 + + lim =.. ( + + ) ( + + + ) = lim ( ) = lim = lim =. lim + + = lim + = lim lim + =. ( ) ~ 3 ( + u) λ.u + = + + 8 + o = + 8 + o ( ) λ λ λ + u = + λu+ u + o u,,,! + + + o( ) lim 8 8 o( ) = lim + =
8 8 Β Β : ; Χ; ; ; 8 : && Δ Ε 3 4Φ 3 4Φ Ε Δ Ε > Β & Γ 3 Γ 3 Ε3Δ 3 3 3? Ε Δ Δ Δ Δ > Δ # Χ 3 Η Ι Ι ϑ 3 Γ 6! # # % % # ( % ( ) + ( # ( %, & ( #,.
! # % & ( ) ( +,.% /.0.% 1 2 3 4 5 6 #! 7 8 9 9 : ; 8 : ; &; ; < ; 7 => 9 9 8?; 8! 3 3 3 3 Β & Γ 3 Γ 3 Ε3Δ 3 3 3?
Α? Β / Χ 3 Δ Ε/ Ε 4? 4 Ε Φ? ΧΕ Γ Χ Η ΙΙ ϑ % Η < 3 Ε Φ Γ ΕΙΙ 3 Χ 3 Φ 4 Κ? 4 3 Χ Λ Μ 3 Γ Ε Φ ) Μ Ε Φ? 5 : < 6 5 % Λ < 6 5< > 6! 8 8 8! 9 9 9! 9 =! = 9!
# %!!! ( ) ( +, +. ( / 0 1) ( 21 1) ( 2 3 / 4!! 5 6 7 7! 8 8 9 : ; < 9 = < < :! : = 9 ; < = 8 9 < < = 9 8 : < >? % > % > % 8 5 6 % 9!9 9 : : : 9 Α % 9 Α? Β / Χ 3 Δ Ε/ Ε 4? 4 Ε Φ? ΧΕ Γ Χ Η ΙΙ ϑ % Η < 3
1#
! # % & ( % + #,,. + /# + 0 1#. 2 2 3 4. 2 +! 5 + 6 0 7 #& 5 # 8 % 9 : ; < =# #% > 1?= # = Α 1# Β > Χ50 7 / Δ % # 50& 0 0= % 4 4 ; 2 Ε; %5 Β % &=Φ = % & = # Γ 0 0 Η = # 2 Ι Ι ; 9 Ι 2 2 2 ; 2 ;4 +, ϑ Α5#!
3?! ΑΑΑΑ 7 ) 7 3
! # % & ( ) +, #. / 0 # 1 2 3 / 2 4 5 3! 6 ) 7 ) 7 ) 7 ) 7 )7 8 9 9 :5 ; 6< 3?! ΑΑΑΑ 7 ) 7 3 8! Β Χ! Δ!7 7 7 )!> ; =! > 6 > 7 ) 7 ) 7 )
1 <9= <?/:Χ 9 /% Α 9 Δ Ε Α : 9 Δ 1 8: ; Δ : ; Α Δ : Β Α Α Α 9 : Β Α Δ Α Δ : / Ε /? Δ 1 Δ ; Δ Α Δ : /6Φ 6 Δ
! #! %&! ( )! +,!. / 1,. + 2 ( 3 4 5 6 7 8 9: : 9: : : ; ; ? =
1990 4 1989 3 1993 2 6 1992 2 1990 4 n 1 1 V0 = P t P t = 1 ( 1+ i ) i 3 74 1992 1993 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 1 = 100% = 100% 1987 323 23 172 23 173 174 23 173 174 3 1 1 i 5.00%
: ; 8 Β < : Β Δ Ο Λ Δ!! Μ Ν : ; < 8 Λ Δ Π Θ 9 : Θ = < : ; Δ < 46 < Λ Ρ 0Σ < Λ 0 Σ % Θ : ;? : : ; < < <Δ Θ Ν Τ Μ Ν? Λ Λ< Θ Ν Τ Μ Ν : ; ; 6 < Λ 0Σ 0Σ >
! # %& ( +, &. / ( 0 # 1# % & # 2 % & 4 5 67! 8 9 : ; < 8 = > 9? 8 < 9? Α,6 ΒΧ : Δ 8Ε 9 %: ; < ; ; Δ Φ ΓΗ Ιϑ 4 Κ6 : ; < < > : ; : ;!! Β : ; 8 Β < : Β Δ Ο Λ Δ!! Μ Ν : ; < 8 Λ Δ Π Θ 9 : Θ = < : ; Δ < 46
B = F Il 1 = 1 1 φ φ φ B = k I r F Il F k I 2 = l r 2 10 = k 1 1-7 2 1 k = 2 10-7 2 B = ng Il. l U 1 2 mv = qu 2 v = 2qU m = 2 19 3 16. 10 13. 10 / 27 167. 10 5 = 5.0 10 /. r = m ν 1 qb r = m ν qb
WL100014ZW.PDF
A Z 1 238 H U 1 92 1 2 3 1 1 1 H H H 235 238 92 U 92 U 1.1 2 1 H 3 1 H 3 2 He 4 2 He 6 3 Hi 7 3 Hi 9 4 Be 10 5 B 2 1.113MeV H 1 4 2 He B/ A =7.075MeV 4 He 238 94 Pu U + +5.6MeV 234 92 2 235 U + 200MeV
= Β Χ Δ
, 0! # %! & ( ) +! % &. / 1 2 3 4 56 6 5 8 9 8 5 86 2 3 : 5 : 5 5 5: ; < = : 5 5 % >6 ; 5 8 98 58? : 2 3 4 56 6 68 5 8 Α 1 6 5 5 = Β Χ Δ ; 2 3 Ε9 58 8 98 5 86 65 5 5 5: : 2 3 Α Φ 5 65 Α Γ 5 5: Η 5? 9 :
; 9 : ; ; 4 9 : > ; : = ; ; :4 ; : ; 9: ; 9 : 9 : 54 =? = ; ; ; : ;
! # % & ( ) ( +, +. ( /0!) ( 1!2!) ( 3 4 5 2 4 7 8 9: ; 9 < : = ; ; 54 ; = ; ; 75 ; # ; 9 : ; 9 : ; ; 9: ; ; 9 : ; ; 4 9 : > ; : = ; ; :4 ; : ; 9: ; 9 : 9 : 54 =? = ; ; ; 54 9 9: ; ;
untitled
1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 A, B, C, X, Y, Z 1 a, b, c, x, y, z N, Z, Q R 1.1.3 a A a A a A a A a A a A a A b A a, b A a 1 A,, a n A a 1,, a n A 1.1.4 1.1.5 3 N 3 2 Q 2 R 3 2 N 2 Q {a 1,, a n } {,,,,,,,, }, {, } {,
9. =?! > = 9.= 9.= > > Η 9 > = 9 > 7 = >!! 7 9 = 9 = Σ >!?? Υ./ 9! = 9 Σ 7 = Σ Σ? Ε Ψ.Γ > > 7? >??? Σ 9
! # %& ( %) & +, + % ) # % % )./ 0 12 12 0 3 4 5 ). 12 0 0 61 2 0 7 / 94 3 : ;< = >?? = Α Β Β Β Β. Β. > 9. Δ Δ. Ε % Α % Φ. Β.,,.. Δ : : 9 % Γ >? %? >? Η Ε Α 9 Η = / : 2Ι 2Ι 2Ι 2Ι. 1 ϑ : Κ Λ Μ 9 : Ν Ο 0
3 4 Ψ Ζ Ζ [, Β 7 7>, Θ0 >8 : Β0 >, 4 Ε2 Ε;, ] Ε 0, 7; :3 7;,.2.;, _ & αε Θ:. 3 8:,, ), β & Φ Η Δ?.. 0?. χ 7 9 Ε >, Δ? Β7 >7 0, Τ 0 ΚΚ 0 χ 79 Ε >, Α Ε
![3 4 Ψ Ζ Ζ [, Β 7 7>, Θ0 >8 : Β0 >, 4 Ε2 Ε;, ] Ε 0, 7; :3 7;,.2.;, _ & αε Θ:. 3 8:,, ), β & Φ Η Δ?.. 0?. χ 7 9 Ε >, Δ? Β7 >7 0, Τ 0 ΚΚ 0 χ 79 Ε >, Α Ε](/thumbs/49/25446444.jpg "3 4 Ψ Ζ Ζ [, Β 7 7>, Θ0 >8 : Β0 >, 4 Ε2 Ε;, ] Ε 0, 7; :3 7;,.2.;, _ & αε Θ:. 3 8:,, ), β & Φ Η Δ?.. 0?. χ 7 9 Ε >, Δ? Β7 >7 0, Τ 0 ΚΚ 0 χ 79 Ε >, Α Ε")
(! # # %& ) +,./ 0 & 0 1 2 / & %&( 3! # % & ( ) & +, ), %!,. / 0 1 2. 3 4 5 7 8 9 : 0 2; < 0 => 8?.. >: 7 2 Α 5 Β % Χ7 Δ.Ε8 0Φ2.Γ Φ 5 Η 8 0 Ι 2? : 9 ϑ 7 ϑ0 > 2? 0 7Ε 2?. 0. 2 : Ε 0 9?: 9 Κ. 9 7Λ /.8 720
Β Χ Χ Α Β Φ Φ ; < # 9 Φ ; < # < % Γ & (,,,, Η Ι + / > ϑ Κ ( < % & Λ Μ # ΝΟ 3 = Ν3 Ο Μ ΠΟ Θ Ρ Μ 0 Π ( % ; % > 3 Κ ( < % >ϑ Κ ( ; 7
! # % & ( ) +, + )% ). )% / 0 1. 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 : ; < 7 ( % ; =8 9 : ; < ; < > ;, 9 :? 6 ; < 6 5 6 Α Β 5 Δ 5 6 Χ 5 6 5 6 Ε 5 6 Ε 5 5 Β Χ Χ Α Β 7 8 9 Φ 5 6 9 Φ ; < # 9 Φ ; < # 7 8 5 5 < % Γ & (,,,,
:
: : 4.1....................... 1 4.1.1............... 1 4.2........... 10 4.2.1............... 10 4.2.2..... 14 4.2.3................ 18 4.2.4................ 24 4.3...................... 26 4.3.1..............
ϑ 3 : Α 3 Η ϑ 1 Ι Η Ι + Ι 5 Κ ϑ Λ Α ΜΛ Ν Ν Ν Ν Α Γ Β 1 Α Ο Α : Α 3. / Π Ο 3 Π Θ
# % & ( ) +,& ( + &. / 0 1 2 3 ( 4 4 5 4 6 7 8 4 6 5 4 9 :.; 8 0/ ( 6 7 > 5?9 > 56 Α / Β Β 5 Χ 5.Δ5 9 Ε 8 Φ 64 4Γ Β / Α 3 Γ Β > 2 ϑ 3 : Α 3 Η ϑ 1 Ι Η Ι + Ι 5 Κ ϑ Λ Α ΜΛ Ν Ν Ν Ν 3 3 3 Α3 3
PowerPoint 演示文稿
004-0-5 zhwag@wpu.du.c 00 00 00 3 003 004-0-5 zhwag@wpu.du.c 3 004-0-5 zhwag@wpu.du.c 3 004-0-5 zhwag@wpu.du.c 4 dy + d y 0 y 0 y [ 0, ] 004-0-5 zhwag@wpu.du.c 5 004-0-5 zhwag@wpu.du.c 6 004-0-5 zhwag@wpu.du.c
# #! ) ( ( +,! %,! ( # # %& % ( ) +! +, +. /
! ( ) # # % % ( % % %! % % & % # #! ) ( ( +,! %,! ( # # %& % ( ) +! +, +. / 12 23 4 5 6 7 3.! (. ( / ( ) ). 1.12 ( 4 4 % & &!7 % (!!!!, (! % !!! % %!,! ( & (!! 8!!!,!!+!! & !!%! & 9 3 3 :;