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13 6CO2 6H 2O C6H 2O6 6O2

15 = =

16 n i= P X i n H X - P X logp X i= i n X X X P i P 0 i l n i n n P i= i H X = - p log P n i= i i i + H X - P X logp X dx -

25 d( Q) d( Q) > 0 = 0 di di d( Q) < 0 di

26 2

29 3

31 [ ] [ ] H H n + H H = P P H i i i n n log

32 s = p c tr n s = p c tr = 0 ( 3) Θ n ro rn rk r < r < r s > s > s n k k k+ k k k+ n s > s > Λ Λ s > s > s > Λ Λ > s > s o k k k+ n n

33 S = Q( P C tr ) = 0 k P C tr = 0 P C rk = t S = Q( P C) > 0 o r S = Q( P C tr ) k k k k P C = Q[( P C) rk ] r = Q[( P C) ( P C)] = 0 k k ( 5) P C r k+ S Q P C tr Q P C rk r k+ = [ k+ ] = [( ) ( k+ )] P C Θ rk+ > rk rk+ > P C r k sk+ < 0 r k

34 2 3 S = m r + m r + m r = m r + m r + c 2r C cos m r + b 2r b cos( α ) 3 ds = 0 dr r r r 2 3 P S = m r = m ( x x ) + ( y y ) s = x n n i i i= i= m ( x x ) 2 2 i i i x y n n m i i i 2 2 i x xi + y y r = ( ) ( i) i= i = ( y y ) n m i ( x xi ) = 0 r i= i 0 n m i ( y y r i ) = 0 i= i i 8 9

36 S i b = ari + πr 2 r = R O R O 2 2πr dr 2πr dr = 2 3 ( 2) S b 2a b = a r + = R + πr 3 πr 2 2 ds dr 2 2b = a 3 = 0 3 πr 3b b R = 3 = πa a b = a

37 T T A T T A B SA S = TB = D D S = S 4 S S A A B = T Θ D + D = D S 2 2 DA = ( D D AB A) S B D = D 2 A 2 B A B A B B 2 2 A B SA SA DA = ( D D = D D AB A) A B S s D + D S A A A = D s D A = D + B A B S s B A A B A B B DB 2 ( ) 4 D S s A B A A B B A S s A SB s B A 5

38 I K M ai M aj i j ij = ij b 6 D ij

39 PiVi PjVj I ij = 2 ( 7) d ij

40 P V S = 2 8 d n m j m m2 mn Vi = b = b = b + Λ Λ b 9 D D D D j= ij i i2 in V D m R dr i = b ( ) ( 20)

41 P i n m j m m 2 m = = = + Λ Λ D D D D j= ij i i2 n in 2

47 i o,j i o,j n K = g q i= ij io

48 3 K = gi, 989 qi, 952 = = 46. 6(%)

50 ( ) ( ) (, )

51 00 A A i

52 ji ki i= cosθ jk = n n 2 2 x ji x ki i= i= n x x cos 2 i Bi i= θ AB = = xai x Bi i= i= = xa x ( ) ( ) na n B cos θa ' C = cosθa+ B, C = cosθac + cosθ BC n n A+ B A+ B

53 nb n C cos θab ' = cosθa, B+ C = cosθab + cosθ n n B+ C B+ C = = nb nc cos θb ' D = cosθ B+ C, D = cosθ BD + cosθ n n B+ C B+ C = = cos θb ' E = cos θ B+ C, E = = AC DC nd ne cos θad ' = cosθa, D+ E = cosθ AD + cosθae n n D+ E D+ E = = nd n E cos θb ' D ' = cosθ B D+ E = cosθ B D + cosθ n n ', ' B' E D+ E D+ E = =

54 na n D' cos θb ' D ' ' = cos θ B', A+ D = cosθ B' A + cos θ B' D ' n ' n A+ D A+ D' =. +. =

58 2 2 0 E x = ( ) E x 2 a x 2 a E = = 4. 3, E2 = = 4,Λ Λ O E x = ( ) = (. ) ( ) (. ) + + Λ Λ + = E x 2 a x 2 2 a x o x o 0. 0

59 x 2 o ( ) xab = NV = 2 = 028. Λ Λ

60 x 2 2 a x 0 2 x 0

61 2 2 2 x x 0 V = V 2 N V 2 V 2 V 2 V 2

62 ' ' F F F 2 ' ' = g h j k l = a e f i 2

67 n y = y ( i ) i n y = ( yi / n)

75 X = n i Xi / N X X =

76 S n n = Xi X S Xi X n ( ) = n ( ) 2 2 i= i= 2 Xi Xi - X (Xi - X) S 2 = / = S = 238. X Xi X ( Xi X) S 2 = / = S = S S 2

78 A R I = M R

79 I = I = I = = 0.35 m d ij = ( Xik X jk ) 2 k= X j

80 Xij Xj X' ij = S j

88 990

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104 xx2λ x D x x x D X = 2 22Λ 2 Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ xnxn2λ x ND z ij = x ji x σ i j j = 2, Λ, N x j σ i zz2λ zd z z z D z = 2 22Λ 2 Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ z Nz N2Λ znd R = Z Z N ' aa2λ ad a a a K A = a a a k = a ij = 2 22Λ 2 [ 2Λ ] Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ z Dz D2Λ zdk a j = λi ui

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107 xx2λ x D x x x D X = 2 22Λ 2 Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ xnxn2λ x ND X = X / X ij ij ij i Xij X X' ij = S X ' X = ij ij j j ' X ij = i X S X j j = N i X m ij ' = 0 S = j 2 j = ( Xij X j) i min { X max ij} { Xij} min{ Xij} R = i R j j i 0 X Xij max ' ' Xij = max { } i { X ij} i ij X ij = i

108 d d = X = jk ij p k k= p ij = Xik X jk p ( ) 2 k= p p d ij = [ Xik Xjk ] k= max d k X X ij = ik jk ij i j i j d = ( X X ) ( X X )' Xik jk cosθ k= ij = p p cosθ 2 2 Xik X jk k= k= p ( Xik Xi)( X jk X j) rij k= = p p ( X Xi ) ( X X ik k= k= p jk

109 T m i( vi x)( vi x)'/ T i= F = T ( x j xi)( x j x i)'/ m T i= j i V ik = x jk k = 2 no x m j i ;, Λ, i

110 y = c x + c x + Λ + c x = c x 2 2 D D D r r r= y y 2 [ y( A) y( B)] n i= [ y ( A) y( A)] + [ y ( B) y( B)] i 2 n 2 i 2 i= 2 [ y( A) y( B)] I = n i= [ y ( A) y( A)] + [ y ( B) y( B)] i 2 n2 i 2 i= I = 0 c I = 0 c 2 Λ Λ Λ I = 0 c D

111 D y( A) = c r x r ( A) r= D y( B) = c r x r ( B) r= y( A) y ( B) y( A) y( B) n y A n y B y = + ( ) 2 ( ) c n + n 2 y( A) y ( B) y( A) y( B) nn2 n + n 2 P 2 F = [ ][ ] D ( n + n )( n + n 2 ) p PiVi Ci Sik = f b d ik

112 f 3 P V C b dk = f 3 P V C b d 2k dk P2V2C2 = ( ) d2k P VC 3b

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116 πa π / ( 2a) = a π πr / ( 2πr) = r π π

117 R = D obs 6 5 Dram Dobs Dram Dran = 2 N A N A N R = 2Dobs 6 6 A

118 B ri = B 6 8 B i = i B r 6 9 q Pr = P / r ( 6 0)

119 P ri P P 2 P 3 P 4 P n P n A = =

120 e C = (6 2 n( n ) 2

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124 S = PV 6 2

125 PV Si = d i DAB d A = PB + P A F K m m 2 = 2 d

126 I ij Wi Pi WjPj = ( )( ) b D ij PiViPjVj Eij = r n I = I + I j= n ij ii E = E + E j= ij ii

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130 I = f ( ) D

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145 R = - H 3 3 H m A 3 0

146 H log bit 2 2 R = - H 2 H = m H = log bit 3 2 R = - H 3 H 3 m 0.7

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161 X + X2 + Λ + Xn + Y = X X2 + X22 + Λ + X2n + Y2 = X 2 ( 8 2 ) Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Xn + Xn2 + Λ + Xnn + Yn = Xn n XijYl = Xi ( i =, 2Λ, n) ( 8 2 2) j= n i= X + D + V + M = X ( j =, 2Λ, n) ij j j j j X ij a ij = ( i, j =, 2, Λ, n) X j

162 ax + a2x2 + Λ + anxn + Y = X a 2X + a 22 X2 + Λ + a2nxn + Y2 = X2 Λ Λ Λ a nx + a n2 X2 + Λ + a nn Xn + Yn = Xn n ( 8 2 6) aijx j + Yi = Xi ( i =, 2, Λ, n) ( 8 2 7) j= aa2λ an a a a n A = 2 22Λ 2 Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ a na n2λ a nn X Y X Y X = 2 Y = 2 Λ Λ Xn Y3

163 ( I A' ) =

164 = =

165 M z = c x + c x + Λ + c x ax 2 2 n n a X + a2x2 + Λ + a n Xn = b a 2X + a 22 X2 + Λ + a2nxn = b2 Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ a mx + a m2x2 + Λ + a mn Xn = b m X, X2mΛ Λ, Xn 0 M ax z = CX AX = b X 0 C = ( c, c, Λ Λ c ) 2 X = (x,x, Λ Λ x ) n 2 n a a 2 Λ Λ an A Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ a a Λ Λ a m m2 mn T b = ( b, b, Λ Λ b ) b 0 2 m T i m zj = cia ij ( ci a ij j i=

166 θ = Min ( b i a i i a ij > 0) (l ) ( i = k) a kl Ekl = ( i =, 2, Λ m) a i ( i k) a k b i + b k Ei ( i k) bi ' = ( i =, 2, Λ m) ( 8 2 7) b k Ei ( i = k) C c c c C X b c x a a 0 a

167 min b θ = ( i b > ) k a i 0 = i a i a k

168

169

170 k k k k r r r r 2 Λ j Λ m k k k k r2 r22 Λ r2 j Λ r2m Rk = Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ k k k k rn rn2 Λ rnj Λ rnm k d k ij rij = k d ij K K K S = (S,S, Λ,S ) K 2 n

171

172 R R2 = R

173 a = a ii ij = a ji

174 W' i = ( a ) W' i Wi = n j= Wi' n i= ij Wi' n W = i = 2 n 8 3 i = 2 n 8 3 w, w, Λ, w 2 n T 3 4 CI CR = RI λ max n CI = n λ max n ( ) λ max = AW i = nw i i i i i i T b = ( b, b2, Λ b jλ bn) i b = a b j = 2 n j m i i= B n B ( b, b, Λ Λ b ) 2 n T

175 3 λ max

176 C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P W P P 3 2 P P P P P P P 4 P P P P P λ max = CI = RI = 57. CR = < 0.

177 C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P W P P P P P P P P 3 P 2 P P P 2 6 P P 0.05 λ max = CI = 048. RI = 57. CR = < 0.

178 C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P W P P 4 2 P 5 P P P 2 5 P P P P P P 3 2 P P 0.05 λ max = C0. 25 RI = 57. CR = > 0.

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207 P = P P P = P ( ) i i i2 im ij j= m F = P P P = P ij ( 2) i i i2 im m j= Pi ' = m n j= P pi' Pi n P ' n i= i= P i i ij P i 2 n i P j i

208 x = Xcosa Ysina y = Xsina Ycosa tga = yx xy xx + yy a X a Y a x y = b X b Y b c X c Y c X c Y 2 2 x' = a + a 2 x + a 3y + a 4xy y' = b + b2 x + b3y + b 4xy

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213 GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS

214 ( ) ( ) CPU

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( CIP).:,3.7 ISBN TB CIP (3) ( ) ISBN O78 : 3.

( CIP).:,3.7 ISBN TB CIP (3) ( ) ISBN O78 : 3. ( CIP).:,3.7 ISBN 7 568 383 3.......... TB CIP (3) 334 3 37 ( ) 64536 www.hdlgpress.com.c 7879 6 9.75 479 3 7 3 7 45 ISBN 7 568 383 3O78 : 3. 995,.,.,.,. :,,,,.. :,,,,,,.,,,,.,,. ,,.,,,.,,,.,,,,.,.,,,