2015 5 ( 231) ( ) JOURNAL OFXIAMEN UNIVERSITY(Arts & SocialSciences) No.52015 GeneralSerialNo.231 ( 361005) : ( ) / : ; :C924.24 :A :0438-0460(2015)05-0125-11 21 2013 60 2 14.9%65 1.3 9.7% [1] 2020 17.17% [2] [3] 2023 () [4] 21 2008 ( ) 49.7% 56.1% [5] [6] [7] :2014-10-31 : (2011NCETFJ) : ; 125
( ) 2015 22 15973 1 (WHO) 33 2007 (Age-FriendlyCitiesandCommunities) 2 :(1) (2) (3) (4) WHO : [8] [9] ( GlobalAge-friendlyCit- ies:a Guide ) (Outdoorspacesandbuild- ings) (Transportation) (Housing) (Communitysupportand healthservices) (Communicationandinformation) (Socialparticipate) (Respectandsocialinclusion) (Civicparticipationandemploy- ment) ; ; ; ; ; ; WHO WHO sociationsofenvironmentalfactors with Elderly Healthand MortalityinChina American Journalof Public Healthvol.100no.2 (2010)pp.298-305 (Age-FriendlyCitiesandCommunities) 2 1 ADLdisability ( ) Cognitiveimpairment ( ) Deficitsindex( ) mortality( ) :ZengYGuDPurserJetal As- :WorldHealthOrganization GlobalAge-FriendlyCities:aGuide htp://www.who.int/ageing/publica- tions/age friendly cities guide/en/ 126
5 : 1 ( 1) WHO 1 : :World Health Organization GlobalAge-FriendlyCities:aGuide ht- tp://www.who.int/ageing/publications/age friendly cities guide/en/. 1 : : 198630 127
( ) 2015 [10] ( 2): 2 (seniorfriendlyboom) WHO (age-friendlycommunity) (livablecommunity) (lifetimeneighbourhood) 1 128
5 : 2011 6 : : Liddle [12] Scharlach [13] 2012 292 : (LivableCom- munities) (AginginPlace) (Aging-FriendlyCities) (AdvantAgeInitiative) (AmericaAssociationofRetiredPersons AARP) (NationalAs- sociationofareaagenciesonaging N4A) Oberlink [14] Hanson [15] 90% 2006 50% 65 33% [16] 2007 (Age-FriendlyRuraland RemoteCommunities:A Guide) ; ; [17] WHO - 129
( ) 2015 - - WHO ( 1) 1 AARP WHO N4A (Age-FriendlyRu- (Aging-Friend- (LifetimeNeigh- (Livable Com- (AginginPlace) (Aging-Friendly (AdvantAgeIni- ral and Remote lycommunity) borhoods) Cities) tiative) munities) Communities) / / ; : 130
5 : [11] WHO [18] () 2007 1 2009 2 2013 ( ) 3 WHO 2007 2009 4 [19] WHO 2009 : 1 6 2007530 htp://jckb.xinhuanet.com/wzpd/2007-05/30/content 54476.htm 2 WHO : 2011 12 19 htp://www.zglcy.org/chanye/news in.phpf= zhuanjiashiye&;nohao=338 3 htp://www.cncaprc.gov.cn/news/37789. jhtml 20131018 4 : 2009 htp://www.shmzj.gov.cn/gb/mzcnq/xxgk/zxgkxx/userobject1ai696.html 2009 2 11 2010 htp://www.shmzj.gov.cn/gb/mzcnq/xxgk/zxgkxx/userob- ject1ai765.html 2010421 131
( ) 2015 WHO 5 7 ; 2013 1 2009 2012 ; () WHO : 1 : 2013 htp://xxgk.zhuhai.gov.cn/zh14/201307/t20130724 1665253.html 2013717 132
5 : ( ) (LongTerm Care LTC ) ( ) ; [20] LTC / LTC / WHO : [21] WHO / WHO 133
( ) 2015 [ (2011 2021) ] : [1] : 853 7 1 2014 1 20 htp://www.yicai.com/ news/2014/01/3385231.html201435 [2] : 2006 2 23 htp://www.ctc- health.org.cn/file/20061213lnqs.pdf201435 [3] : 2005 6 [4][20] : : 2013135 273-276 [5] : 20082 21 htp://www.lovepama. com/lovepama3.pdf201435 [6] : 2011 9 17 htp://www.gov.cn/ zwgk/2011-09/23/content 1954782.htm 201435 [7]ZengYGuDPurserJetal AssociationsofEnvironmentalFactorswithElderly Healthand Mortalityin China American Journalof Public Healthvol.100no.2 (2010)pp.298-305. [8]LiddleJScharfTBartlam Betal Exploringtheage-friendlinessofpurpose-builtretirementcommuni- ties:evidencefrom England Ageing and Society (June2013)pp.1-29. [9]WorldHealthOrganization GlobalAge-FriendlyCities:aGuide 2007105htp://www.who.int/ ageing/publications/age friendly cities guide/en/201435 [10] : : 200716-29 [11] (DepartmentforCommunitiesandLocalGovernment) Life- timeneighbourhoods htps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lifetime-neighbourhoods 22014 35 (AmericaAssociationofRetiredPersons) Beyond 50.05:A ReporttotheNationonLivableCommunities:CreatingEnvironmentsforSuccessfulAging htp:// assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/il/beyond 50 communities201435 (NationalAssociationofAreaAgenciesonAging) AginginPlace htp://www.nw.org/net- work/comstrat/aginginplace/documents/aginginplaceworkprogram 000.pd201435 (New YorkCity) AgeFriendlyNYC:EnhancingOurCity slivability foroldernew Yorkers htp://www.nyc.gov/html/dfta/downloads/pdf/age friendly/agefriendlynyc.pdf 201435 (Visiting NurseServiceofNew York) TheAdvantAgeInitiative htp://www.vnsny.org/advantage/survey.html#frame2014 3 5 (PublicHealthAgencyofCanada) Age-Friendly RuralandRemoteCommunities:A Guide htp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/seniors-aines/publications/pub- lic/afc-caa/rural-rurales/index-eng.php201435 134
5 : [12]LiddleJScharfTBartlam Betal Exploringtheage-friendlinessofpurpose-builtretirementcommuni- ties:evidencefrom England Ageing and Society(2013)pp.1-29. [13]ScharlachA Creatingaging-friendlycommunitiesintheUnitedStates AgeingInternationalvol.37no. 1 (2012)pp.25-38. [14]Oberlink M RStafordPB TheIndianaAdvantAgeInitiative:MeasuringCommunityElder-Friendliness andplanningforthefuture Generationsvol.33no.2 (2012)pp.91-94. [15]HansonDEmletC A Assessingacommunity selderfriendliness:acaseexampleoftheadvantageinitia- tive Family & Community Healthvol.29no.4 (2006)pp.266-278. [16]DandyK.BolmanR.D. SeniorsinruralCanada Ruraland Smal Town Canada AnalysisBuletin vol.7no.8 (2008)pp.1-56. [17]SpinaJMenecV H. Whatcommunitycharacteristicshelporhinderruralcommunitiesinbecomingage- friendlyperspectivesfromacanadianprairieprovince Journalof Applied Gerontology(2013)pp.1-21. [18]WorldHealthOrganization Global Age-Friendly Cities:a Guide 2007105htp://www.who. int/ageing/publications/age friendly cities guide/en/201435 [21] : : ( ) 20105 [ : ] PolicyStudyontheConstructionofAge-FriendlyCommunitiesinChina WANG De-wenRENJie (SchoolofPublicAfairsXiamenUniversityXiamen361005Fujian) Abstract:Oursocietyconfrontsagreatchalengeofageingpopulation.InChinathecurrentcommunitycon- structionpaysmoreemphasisonphysicalenvironmentthanonsocialenvironment.itcanhardlymeettheelderlyde- mandseitherinwidthorindepth.meanwhileduetotheoverwhelminggovernmentadministrationtheconstruc- tionlackstheparticipationofsocialforceatthegrass-rootslevel.theredonotexistgoldenstandardsinthecon- structionofage-friendlycommunitiesfromthepracticesinukusandcanada.howevereachofthemstresses thecultivationofcommunityautonomyabilityencouragingresidentsespecialytheelderlytoparticipateinpublicaf- fairs.meanwhilethreeinstitutionalarrangementsi.e.socialsecuritypensionmedicalinsuranceand Elderly CareInsuranceSystem welcooperatewithage-friendlycity/communityconstruction.thesepoliciesprovidenoton- lythepolicyenvironmentandthesustainableeconomicsecuritybutalsothenecessaryphysicalenvironmentandthe humanitiesconcern.inchinacommunityconstructionshouldstrengthentop-levelpolicydesigncompletethesys- temofsocialsecurityanddevelopthebotom-uppolicy-makingpath.furthermorethemechanismofthemulti-a- gentcooperationneedstobeexplored. Key Words:ageingpopulationage-friendlycommunitiesconstructionpathforelderlycommunityhome 135