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O Blackmore, 1989Gosetti & Rusch, 1995Shakeshaft, 1989 Gilligan1982 Noddings1984, 1992 3

agency positionalityacker, 1994Tong, 1989Weiner, 1994 Riehl & Lee, 1996:907Shmuck, 1996:345 gender sex gender sex outsiders Abbott Wallace1997 Abbott & Wallace, 1997:6 1995:11-12 sex and gender Thiele (1987) invisible exclusion pseudo-inclusion alienation 4

Acker, 1994 Harding, 1987 Acker1994:57 subject Lather, 1991 F. E. Fiedler Shakeshaft, 1989: 159 J. Burns 462 O 5

Mary Parker Follet power with power over relational Burns Gosetti & Rusch, 1995:21-22 Blackmore, 1989:100 deficit Acker1994 blame-the-victim Noddings1990 Gilligan1982 Belenky Belenky, Clinchy, Golderberg, & Tarule, 1986 1999 Rosener1990 Rosener feminine Gosetti & Rusch, 1995 Helgesen (1990) Gilligan (1982) Smith1997:224-225 6

teamwork androgynous Smith Blackmore1989 bureaucratic rationality Blackmore multi-dimensional multi-directional empower others relational Schmuck1996:352 insiders outsiders Schmuck, 1996 Collins1991 outsiders within Schmuck, 1996 7

male-dominated Reinharz, 1985:157 75 1989 1998 55 7 16 1999 4 75 75 14 4 18 1 1 10 1 1 1 4 2 3 1 4 3 1 6 8

34 45% 18 Ohio The Bureau of Business Research of Ohio State University consideration initiating structure J. M. Burns B. M. Bass 75 1 3 71 10 34 8 7 6 4 4 4 3 1 4 75 45% 11% 10% 8% 5% 5% 5% 4% 2% 5% 100% translate 42 29 4 9

42 1989 1993 5 1994 1996 1996 1996 () 1992 1,293, 1996:33 () Ohio 15 B. M. Bass 1990 P. Hersey K. H. Blanchard 1992 1999 H. A. Simon J. R. French B. Raven 10

Polsky D. Hellriegel 42 1989 A. Etziooni 1996 40 10 (dichotomy) Reinharz, 1985:158 1989 8 29 () () 11

() 29 1994 1995 1998 1998 1999 A. W. Halpin Ohio B. M. BassG. Yukl F. E. Fiedler D. E. Griffths J. R. French B. Raven A. W. S. Porter R. L. Peabody LINDELOWScott Ohio A. W. Halpin Ohio Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire LBDQ 1959 LBDQ 2.1% Shakeshaft, 1989:20 1989 t ---- 429 10 12

419 1991 515 452 63 1992 26 467 1990 1995 1997 1998 Abbott Wallace1997 1982 1992 1996 1996 1998 1999 1982 1989 1999 4 () Truman1994:32 13

visible () 4 1982 1992 1992 Bem 574 46 43 242 243 ---- 1996 12 J. B. RosenerS. Helgesen L. J. Shepherd Helgesen 14

1995 1996 86 1999 E. B. Goldring S. F. RallisT. E. Deal W. H. Roe T. L. Drake W. H. Roe 15

S. Helgesen M. Loden D. M. Smith Helgesen B. Rosener S. Helgesen M. Loden D. M. Smith O 75 1 3 16

75 42 56% 29 39% 1992 4 5% J. B. RosenerS. HelgesenM. LodenD. M. Smith Popkewitz 1984 empirical-analytic / social reality 75 Blackmore1989 17

universal 12 / Lather1991 research as praxis empowering encounter 18

Dunlap Goldman1991 facilitative power ---- Sergiovanni1993 Leithwood1994 1[1] 1985 1995 1993 19

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The Analysis of educational leadership these during the last decade in Taiwan: Feminist perspectives Hui-Ling Pan Wen-Chen Liang Yi-Hsuan Chen Professor Master Student Master Student Dept. of Education Dept. of Education Dept. of Education Taiwan Normal University Taiwan Normal University Taiwan Normal University ABSATRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyze Taiwan's educational leadership master's theses and doctoral dissertations in these recent ten years using feminist perspectives. Feminist perspectives and educational leadership research is the first part introduced. Then the analysis of the theses is presented, mainly focusing on three aspects: (1) Whose voice is present in the text? (2) How gender is analyzed? (3) Is research viewed as praxis? After analyzing studies of educational leadership in Taiwan, it was found that influenced by positivist paradigm, most researchers used questionnaire surveys. In addition, androcentric perspective has dominated the authors' viewpoints. Out of the 75 theses, 42 were ignorant of the gender factor. In the other 29 theses, sex/gender was only built in as a demographic variable to examine sex/gender differences. Among the four theses with women as subjects, only two embrace some kind of female perspectives. The findings indicate that there are still plenty of rooms for investigating women's experiences in educational leadership studies. Key words: educational leadership, women leadership, principalship, feminist perspectives 23