33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 122

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 121 Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era Chang Shih-lun Ph. D. Candidate, Centre for Cultural Studies, Goldsmiths College, University of London.

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 122

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 123 Abstract This paper tries to investigate how the emerging idea of Taiwanese landscape was imagined and constructed by the gradual intersection and continuous interaction between photography and tourism during the Japanese colonial era. The argument mainly consists of four aspects: I will first delve into several Taiwan-related photographic albums and travel guides either heavily supervised or solely published by the renowned photographer-cumprintmaker OGAWA Kazumasa around the turn of the 20th century. Then the focus will be on the gradual evolution of the Eight Views of Taiwan activities and how these campaigns intersected with the practice of photography. The third part will involve an in-depth reading into The Photographic Album of the National Parks in Taiwan by Japanese photographer OKADA Koyo, analyzing both its visual achievement and cultural limitation. The conclusion of this paper will draw attention to the popular phenomenon of railway tour during the colonial era, stressing how its cultural significance towards the construction of the idea of landscape was related to its full exploitation of photographic images in various publications. Keywords: photography, history of photography, landscape, tourism, Japanese Colonial era

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 124 19 1999 19 1985 1930 1988 1994 2010 1994 1 2000 1 2001

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 125 2008 tourist gaze John Urry Michel Foucault gaze visible Urry 1990 139 Osborn 2000: 83 reproduced recaptured Urry 1995: 133 the other Sturken & Cartwright 2001: 93-108 2005 1930 2 colonial gaze 2 2005: 368-371

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 126 doubly colonial situation Allen 2015: 26 comparative 191860-1929 3 3 1896 1905 Herbert Ponting

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 127 1 1896 1896 4 George Uvedale Price Reminiscences of North Formosa 1895 1896 1 1900 1901 1907 7 80 5 4 1895-1896 写真界の先覚小川一真の生涯 東京 : 日本図書刊行会 1994 Joseph R. Allen, "Picturing Gentlemen: Japanese Portrait Photography in Colonial Taiwan", The Journal of Asian Studies, 73:4 (2014), pp.1009-1042. 5 69 2017 1 148-158

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 128 2 1890 Fraser 2008 6 7 Souvenirs de Formose et des I les Pescadores 1896 1896 10 11 2 3 Souvenirs de Formose et des I les Pescadores 6 William Kinninmond Burton 1889 1896 Burton 1897 1899 Burton 7 Burton

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 129 3 Souvenirs de Formose et des I les Pescadores 1896 8 1899 4 8

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 130 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 1896 5 tour narrative 9 1904 The Charming Views in the Land of the Rising Sun The Charming Views in the Land of the Rising Sun 174 halftone collotype 9 2011 Allen 2015 47

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 131 The Charming Views in the Land of the Rising Sun OSK Line 10 8 1895-1905 3 11 1902 2 6 1998 4 10 1914 1914 1896 Allen 2015 11 1899 1903 1904

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 132 2008 24 35 1696 1747 2000 1896 8 1 12 13 2013 179 6 7 12 眞 1896 8 1 3 13 1896 8 6 1

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 133 6( )1896 7( ) 1896 8( ) 1913 10 31 9

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 134 1908 14 1905 1911 晩 淸 淸 15 1913 10 31 8 16 1910 17 1920 1921 6 18 1925 19 1927 2001 178-179 14 1908 15 1911 1 1 2 3 25 35 37 41 51 16 1913 10 31 2 3 9 13 17 49 18 1921 6 20 13 6 62-63 19 1925 5 10 11

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 135 6 22 20 10 1935 2014 2000 39 7 3 9 7 24 2012 66 1929 20

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 136 9 1927 7 6 2 10 21 22 1935 10 21 1929 3 9 4 22 1928 1930 2002 30-31

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 137 23 1939 1927 2015 122 1931 12 1933 1935 1937 12 27 24 23 9 1930 24 2015 2011 1996 1985

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 138 11 12 1939 1934 25 1938 5 8 6 10 1895-1972 193911 1934 26 150 129 14 3 27 12 13 14 25 2002 29 26 1934 27

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 139 13 1939 2001 20-29 28 1938 6 9 29 30 28 29 1938 6 9 4 1938 7 5 10 7 27-28 30

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 140 14 1939 15

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 141 16 1939 timeless 1930 15 16 14

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 142 17 16 17 18 1930 31 31

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 143 19 18 1939 20 12 8 19 1937 1941 1927 categorization tourist knowledge 1937

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 144 1908 1908 9 10 2005 71 1924 Harry A. Franck Glimpses of Japan and Formosa: With Some Kodak Snapshots By The Author 1924 Franck 1924: 149-152 20 1923 Owen Rutter 32 33 1927 22 32 Rutter 2005 363-371 33 1927 6 7 4

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 145 20 1920 Harry A. Franck, Glimpses of Japan and Formosa, 1924. 1927 overview accessibility 2005 134-166 1927 1935 4 湾 The Lure of Taiwan 30

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 146 21 湾 1935 22 1930 1941

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 147 21 1941 22 1930 1927 1939

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 148 monolithic 1926 34 1920 1904-1984 1934 2011:260 341926 91 84

Constructing the Taiwanese Landscape : A Preliminary Study into the History of Photography during the Japanese Colonial Era page. 149 写真界の先覚小川一真の生涯 日本図書刊行会 1994 1850-1920 1999 カメラで見た台湾 1935 1908 1899 1941 2000 22012 2005 1994 50-55 400 2011 256-269 2013 2002 1939 1939 2015 2011 1896 175 1985 9 158-168 69 2017 1 148-158 1988 1994 29-48 1996 2005 2008/2015 2008 2014 1998 9 2000 179-206 2001 2010 Allen, Joseph R. Picturing Gentlemen: Japanese Portrait Photography in Colonial Taiwan. The Journal of Asian Studies 73(4): 1009-1042.. Colonial Itineraries: Japanese Photography in Taiwan. Japanese Taiwan: Colonial Rule and its Contested Legacy. Ed. Andrew D. Morris. London: Bloomsbury, 2015. 25-47. Franck, Harry A. Glimpses of Japan and Formosa: With Some Kodak Snapshots By The Author. New York: The Century Co., 1924. Fraser, Karen. Ogawa Kazumasa (1860-1929), Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography. Ed. John Hannavy. London: Taylor & Francis, 2008. 1021-1022.

33 The Age of Photography: Japanese Colonial History and Taiwan Photography page. 150 Kazumasa, Ogawa. Souvenirs de Formose et des I les Pescadores. Tokyo: K.Ogawa, 1896.. The Charming Views in the Land of the Rising Sun. Tokyo: K.Ogawa, 1904. Osborne, Peter D.. Traveling Light: Photography, Travel and Visual Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000. Picard, D. & Robinson, M.. The Framed World: Tourism, Tourists and Photography. London: Routledge, 2009. Price, George Uvedale. Reminiscences of North Formosa. Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh, 1895. Sturken, M. & Cartwright, L.. Practices of Looking. London: Oxford University Press, 2001. 93-108 Urry, John. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. London: Sage, 1990.. Consuming Places. London: Taylor & Francis, 1995.