土壤 (Soils), 2017, 49(5): 992 1000 DOI: 10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2017.05.021 1 黄河三角洲县域尺度的盐渍化土壤化学参数特征研究 1,2 2* 2 3 4 5 1 (1 2100082 2640003 7100004 210008 5 300457) 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm ph 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 40 cm (EC 5:1 ) Cl Na + Ca 2+ 4 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm ph 20 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm S151.9 A [1-2] [3-4] [5-6] [7] [8] [9] [10-12] [13-15] [16] [17] [18] [17] 30 ~ 40 cm 90 ~ 100 cm [19] [20] [20] EM38 0.3750.751.5 m 3 [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [25] 86 ph ph 家重点研发计划课题 (2016YFD02003003) 东营市重点研发计划项目(2016YF17) 山东省重点研发计划项目(2017 CXGC0316) 和江苏省科技计划项目 (BZ2014005,BE2014739) 资助 * (xbchen@yic.ac.cn) (1989 )E-mail: ghygza@126.com
5 993 [26-30] [31] (ECSAR ph) 1 1.1 37 24 ~ 38 10 N118 15 ~ 119 19 E 13.1 210 d 532.6 mm 1 860.9 mm 3.5 69 56 [32-33] 1.6 ~ 2.4 m 24.63 g/l [20] 2/3 [34] 1.2 1.2.1 Google earth 2 km 149 2013 9 13 2013 9 28 16 d () 141 99 64 26 9 1 0 ~ 2020 ~ 40 cm GPS 图 1 垦利县面上调查实际采样点 Fig. 1 Actural sampling sites in Kenli County 1.2.2 5.. 1 EC 5:1 EC 5:1 DDSJ-308A PHSJ-4A ph 5.. 1 ph Cl 4 Na + K + Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Dionex ICS3000 Na + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Na + [35] Na + Mg 2+ Ca 2+ (1) SAR Na SAR (1) 1 2 2 Ca Mg 2 1.2.3
994 49 Swell Wright 1921 1923 [36] [37] [38] 1.2.4 Origin 8.0SPSS 20 Excel ArcGIS10.2 2 2.1 2.1.1 1 Cl Na + 4 K + Cl >Na + > 4 > Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >K + NaCl 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm EC 5:1 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 20 ~ 40 cm SAR ph 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm [39] ph 0 ~ 20 cm 4 1 Cl 20 ~ 40 cm 4 SAR K + 2 4 Cl Na + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K + [40] Table 1 表 1 土壤浸提液化学性质统计特征值 (n = 99) Statistical characteristics of chemical properties of soil extraction (cm) 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 40 Cl 3.75 3652.36 363.56 706.86 0.16 1.00 1.94 LgN 4 6.49 380.62 90.23 74.33 0.39 0.72 0.82 LgN Na + 4.10 1875.76 180.73 320.81 0.09 0.73 1.78 LgN K + 0.51 51.79 5.12 9.31 1.31 2.74 1.82 LgN Ca 2+ 5.24 273.87 41.16 45.16 0.53 0.24 1.10 LgN Mg 2+ 0.83 181.01 21.84 42.47 0.89 0.07 1.95 N SAR 0.42 38.17 6.82 7.23 0.18 0.94 1.06 LgN ph 7.91 9.30 8.53 0.27 0.39 0.54 0.03 N EC 5:1 0.08 9.06 1.36 1.84 0.32 0.74 1.36 LgN Cl 2.00 1913.00 225.10 357.73 0.12 0.90 1.59 LgN 4 7.00 304.00 76.79 57.72 0.63 0.37 0.75 LgN Na + 3.00 935.00 130.24 165.97 0.27 0.37 1.28 LgN K + 0.01 46.00 2.98 6.49 1.99 5.76 2.18 LgN Ca 2+ 4.00 177.00 27.14 27.84 0.52 0.09 1.03 LgN Mg 2+ 1.00 110.00 10.52 17.55 0.70 0.16 1.66 N SAR 0.31 32.76 7.58 6.95 0.43 0.24 0.92 LgN ph 8.11 9.43 8.71 0.27 0.34 0.06 0.03 N EC 5:1 0.01 5.00 0.92 1.08 0.04 0.82 1.06 LgN N N LgN mg/l ms/cm
5 995 SPSS 0 0 0 0 ~ 20 cm 4 SAR 0 20 ~ 40 cm Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K + ph EC 5:1 0 0 2.1.2 2 3 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm Cl Na + 4 Ca 2+ Mg 2+ SAR EC 5:1 0.7 Cl Na + Mg 2+ EC 5:1 0.9 Cl Na + Mg 2+ 0.9 20 ~ 40 cm Cl Na + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ EC 5:1 0.7 Cl Na + EC 5:1 0.9 Cl Na + 0.9 Cl Mg 2+ 0.895 3 0 ~ 2020 ~ 40 cm 99 EC 5:1 (Cl Na + 4 Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K + )(SAR) ph 2 3 Excel 4 5 Cl 1 表 2 0 ~ 20 cm 土层土壤浸提液化学性质相关系数矩阵 Table 3 Correlation matrix of chemical properties of 0 20 cm soil extraction Cl 4 Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ SAR ph EC 5:1 4 0.689 ** 1 Na + 0.981 ** 0.702 ** 1 K + 0.593 ** 0.503 ** 0.607 ** 1 Ca 2+ 0.752 ** 0.625 ** 0.636 ** 0.370 ** 1 Mg 2+ 0.942 ** 0.668 ** 0.871 ** 0.547 ** 0.874 ** 1 SAR 0.807 ** 0.677 ** 0.869 ** 0.457 ** 0.414 ** 0.631 ** 1 ph 0.323 ** 0.249 * 0.227 * 0.204 * 0.599 ** 0.428 ** 0.025 1 EC 5:1 0.981 ** 0.743 ** 0.956 ** 0.561 ** 0.799 ** 0.937 ** 0.816 ** 0.360 ** 1 ** P<0.01 ()* P<0.05 () 3 Cl 1 表 3 20 ~ 40 cm 土层土壤浸提液化学性质相关系数矩阵 Table 3 Correlation matrix of chemical properties of 20-40 cm soil extraction Cl 4 Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ SAR ph EC 5:1 4 0.535 ** 1 Na + 0.959 ** 0.590 ** 1 K + 0.536 ** 0.345 ** 0.560 ** 1 Ca 2+ 0.716 ** 0.406 ** 0.532 ** 0.255 * 1 Mg 2+ 0.865 ** 0.413 ** 0.715 ** 0.416 ** 0.935 ** 1 SAR 0.668 ** 0.526 ** 0.814 ** 0.439 ** 0.147 0.318 ** 1 ph 0.386 ** 0.400 ** 0.274 ** 0.131 0.644 ** 0.545 ** 0.029 1 EC 5:1 0.929 ** 0.588 ** 0.900 ** 0.441 ** 0.730 ** 0.817 ** 0.684 ** 0.441 ** 1 4 0 ~ 20 cm EC 5:1 Cl Na + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ 4 K + K + EC 5:1 Mg 2+
996 49 4 EC 5:1 Cl Na + Ca 2+ EC 5:1 EC 5:1 EC 5:1 EC 5:1 Cl Na + Ca 2+ 0 ~ 20 cm EC 5:1 Cl Na + Ca 2+ EC 0.0004[Cl ] 0.004[ Na ] 5:1 2 2 0.012[Ca ] 0.085 (Adj. R 0. 975) (2) 表 4 0 ~ 20 cm 土层土壤浸提液化学性质对 EC 5:1 的通径系数 Table 4 Path coefficients of chemical properties to EC 5:1 of 0-20 cm soil extraction Cl 4 Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Cl 0.566* 0.053 0.292 0.018 0.163 0.076 0.981 4 0.390 0.077* 0.209 0.016 0.136 0.054 0.743 Na + 0.556 0.054 0.298* 0.019 0.138 0.070 0.957 K + 0.336 0.039 0.181 0.031* 0.080 0.044 0.561 Ca 2+ 0.426 0.048 0.189 0.011 0.217* 0.070 0.799 Mg 2+ 0.534 0.052 0.259 0.017 0.190 0.080* 0.937 * 5 表 5 20 ~ 40 cm 土层土壤浸提液化学性质对 EC 5:1 的通径系数 Table 5 Path coefficients of chemical properties to EC 5:1 of 20-40 cm soil extraction Cl 4 Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Cl 0.295* 0.003 0.578 0.025 0.226 0.096 0.975 4 0.158 0.006* 0.356 0.016 0.129 0.046 0.575 Na + 0.283 0.003 0.603* 0.026 0.168 0.080 0.945 K + 0.159 0.002 0.339 0.046* 0.081 0.046 0.485 Ca 2+ 0.212 0.002 0.322 0.012 0.315* 0.104 0.730 Mg 2+ 0.255 0.002 0.430 0.019 0.295 0.112* 0.847 5 20 ~ 40 cm EC 5:1 Na + Ca 2+ Cl Mg 2+ K + 4 K + 4 EC 5:1 Mg 2+ EC 5:1 EC 5:1 Na + Ca 2+ Cl EC 5:1 EC 5:1 EC 5:1 EC 5:1 Na + Cl Ca 2+ 20 ~ 40 cm EC 5:1 EC51 : 0.0004[Cl ] 0.004[Na ] (3) 2 2 0.0099[Ca ] 0.091 5 (Adj. R 0.966) 式 (2) 和 (3) 中,Cl Na + Ca 2+ 离子浓度单位为 mg/l;ec 5:1 为 5.. 1 水土比土壤浸提液电导率, 单位为 ms/cm;sar 为钠吸附比, 无量纲 0 ~ 20 cm 0.14520 ~ 40 cm 0.181 EC 5:1 CO 2 3 HCO 3 CO 2 3 HCO 3 Na + Cl Ca 2+ EC 5:1 3 2.2 ArcGIS EC 5:1 ph SAR 2EC 5:1 5 [41-42] ph
5 997 ph 5 [41-42] SAR 5 6 6 ph SAR EC 5:1 表 6 克里金插值预测误差交叉验证表 Table 6 Cross-validation of Kriging interpolation error (cm) 0 ~ 20 EC 5:1 0.083 1 1.693 4 2.402 1 0.044 1 0.746 6 ph 0.000 2 0.279 7 0.260 9 0.000 9 1.072 0 SAR 0.537 7 7.014 2 11.310 2 0.004 9 0.782 4 20 ~ 40 EC 5:1 0.044 4 1.093 9 1.506 2 0.048 0 0.833 6 ph 0.000 4 0.277 4 0.260 6 0.001 7 1.064 6 SAR 0.586 4 7.165 2 10.325 6 0.023 1 0.982 0 EC 5:1 ( 2) 0 ~ 20 cm EC 5:1 20 ~ 40 cm EC 5:1 0 ~ 20 cm EC 5:1 20 ~ 40 cm EC 5:1 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 2 20 ~ 40 cm ph 0 ~ 20 cm ph 8.5 [43] [41] 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm SAR ( 2)0 ~ 20 cm SAR 20 ~ 40 cm SAR 0 ~ 20 cm SAR SAR 0 ~ 20 cm ph SAR 20 ~ 40 cm ph SAR 20 ~ 40 cm [39] SAR ph SAR SAR ph 3 1) Cl Na + ph 0 ~ 20 cm EC 5:1 SAR 20 ~ 40 cm ph 0.7 0 ~ 2020 ~ 40 cm EC 5:1 Cl Na + Ca 2+ EC 5:1 0.145 0.181 EC 5:1 2 CO 3 HCO 3
998 49 Fig. 2 图 2 垦利县 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 40 cm 土层土壤浸提液 EC 5:1 ph 及 SAR 的空间插值分布图 Spatial interpolation distribution of EC 5:1, ph and SAR of 020 cm and 2040 cm soil extraction in Kenli County 2) 0 ~ 20 cm EC 5:1 SAR 20 ~ 40 cm SAR ph 20 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 3) [1] Low B. Form, sorm, and spatial modeling in geotechnical engineering[j]. Structural Safety, 2014, 49: 56 64 [2] Cao Z, Wang Y. Bayesian model comparison and selection of spatial correlation functions for soil parameters[j]. Structural Safety, 2014, 49: 10 17 [3] Kim J M, Sitar N. Reliability approach to slope stability analysis with spatially correlated soil properties[j]. Soils and Foundations, 2013, 53(1): 1 10 [4] Li D,Jiang S, Cao Z, et al. A Multiple response-surface method for slope reliability analysis considering spatial variability of soil properties[j]. Engineering Geology, 2015, 187: 60 72 [5] Stewart B A. Advances in soil science. Volume I.[J]. Quarterly Review of Biology, 1985 [6] Trangmar B B, Yost R S,Uehara G. Application of geostatistics to spatial studies of soil properties[j]. Advances in Agronomy, 1985, 38(1): 45 94 [7] Burgess T, Webster R. Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties[j]. Journal of Soil Science, 1980, 31(2): 333 341
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1000 49 On Chemical Parameters Characteristics of Salinity Soil on County Scale in Yellow River Delta JIANG Mingliang 1,2, CHEN Xiaobing 2*, SHAN Jingjing 2, GUO Jianqing 3, SUN Yunpeng 4, ZHAO Lingyun 5, XU Ligang 1 (1 Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang an University, Xi an 710000, China; 4 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 5 Tianjing TEDA Group Co. Ltd., Tianjing 300457, China) Abstract: Kenli County, located at Yellow River Delta, has abundant land resources but with low utilization rate due to the serious inhibition of stern soil salinization which leads to great spatial variation of soil physical and chemical properties. This paper studied systematically the path relationships between soil salt and chemical parameters and the spatial variation characteristics of salinity parameters of 0 20 cm and 20 40 cm soils in Kenli County by the methods of field soil sampling and laboratory chemical analysis. The results showed that salinity of 0 20 cm soil was higher than that of 20 40 cm soil. Except for ph, the variation coefficient of the other studied chemical parameters of the two layer soils were all above medium variant. Cl, Na + and Ca 2+ had significant linear correlation with electrical conductivity (EC 5:1 ), indicating they were the direct influential factors on soil salinity. 0 20 cm soil showed strong salinization and sodication along the costaline, both EC 5:1 and SAR of 20 40 cm soil were less than topsoil, meaning less soil salinization and sodication. ph in 0 20 cm soil was higher than that of 20 40 cm soil, meaning higher alkalization. The above results can provide not only reliable data bases and empirical formula for soil salinity study but also scientific basis and theoretical guidance for soil salinization control in Kenli County. Key words: Kenli County; Soil saline chemical parameters; Classical statistics analysis; Spatial variation