Compilation and Translation Review Vol. 8, No. 2 (September 2015), Confucius Translated, and Filial Piety in Transwriting: Early Missionaries Tr

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1 (intercultural-discipline) [email protected] NSC H MY3

2 Compilation and Translation Review Vol. 8, No. 2 (September 2015), Confucius Translated, and Filial Piety in Transwriting: Early Missionaries Translations of the Xiaojing Feng-Chuan Pan This paper traces the history of the western missionaries contribution to sinology via synchronic and diachronic investigations of their translations of Confucian texts, especially the Book of Filial Piety (Xiaojing). Here the author is attempting to redefine Western sinology as an intercultural discipline and the horizon of an ongoing dialogue. This means that Chinese historians of sinology need to go beyond the simplified duality of East and West and study Western sinology in greater depth. This would entail, among other things, the need for greater scholarly attention to the connection between the early Jesuits and the Protestant missionaries in late imperial China. Keywords: missionaries, Confucius, translation of classics, Book of Filial Piety, intercultural dialogue, Western sinology Received: December 26, 2014; Revised: March 10, 2015; Accepted: June 26, 2015 Feng-Chuan Pan, Associate Professor, Department of East Asian Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, [email protected]

3 59 (1724) (Benedict XIV) (David E. Mungello) Curious Land: Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of Sinology (1985, pp ) (the Enlightenment Sinophilies) (the forerunner of Sinologue) (Mungello, 1991, pp )

4 (wirkungsgeschichtliche Resonanz) (Michele Ruggieri) (the Jesuit Reading) (Meynard,

5 , pp. 4-5) 1687 (Philippe Couplet) (Confucius Sinarum Philosophus sive Scientia sinensis latine exposita [Confucius, the Philosopher of China. The Chinese learning presented in Latin] ) (Scientia sinensis latine exposita) (Meynard, 2011, pp. 3-12; Mungello, 1983, pp ) (Ludovico Magno, Regi Christianissimo [Louis the Great, Christian King] ) (Eximio Missionum Orientalium & Litterariae Reipublicae bono [for the Highest benefit Oriental Missions and Republic of Letters] ) (Couplet, 1687, cover page; Meynard, 2011, p. 81) (Europa Scientia) (Sinensis Scientia)

6 62 (Kieu kium xam) (Sinicae Historiae, 1658) (Tabula chronologica monarchiae Sinicae) (Scientia sinensis, Chinese Knowledge, Chinese Learning) (Confucii Vita [Life of Confucius]) (Sanctus) Couplet, 1687, p Lee, 2007, pp (De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab

7 63 Societate Jesu [On Christian expeditions to China undertaken by the Society of Jesus] 1615) 1 (Philosophus senex) (Confutio) Ricci & Trigualt, 1615, p (Confucius) (sinarum philosophus) (Philosophia sinica) Philosophia 2010b (Vie de Confucius) (Amiot, 1786, pp ) (Mémoires concernant les Chinois) (Abrégé historique des principaux traits de la vie de Confucius, célèbre philosophe chinois, Paris, 178?) [ ] Amiot, 1783, pp. 3-4; De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu (Augsburg, 1615) 1986 Louis Joseph Gallaghe, China in the Sixteenth-century (New York: Random House, 1953) 2001

8 Confucius Kong Fu tse Con-fu-ci Con-fu-ci Confucius Confucius (Rule, 1986, p. ix) Confucius (Jesuit invention/creation) Confucius (Lionel M. Jensen) (Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilization, 1997) Confucianism (Jensen, 1997, pp. 4-6; Standaert, 1999, pp )

9 65 Confucius : (François Noël) (Pierre-Martial Cibot) (Elijah C. Bridgman) (James Legge)

10 66 Paris Couplet 1687 Clement XI Rome/Prague Noël 1711 Hiao Kim, Classicus dictus Filialis Observantia Cibot 1779 Louis XIV Louis XV Louis XVI Hiao King, Le livre de la Piété Filiale Paris Pekin / /1773 Pluquet 1786 Le Livre de La Piété Filiale Andover Bridgman 1835 Heaou King or Book of Filial Duty Canton Legge 1879 Queen Victoria The Hsiâo King, Or Classic of London/Oxford Filial Piety Hong Kong (Sacred Books of China) Paris De Rosny 1889 Le Hiao-King: Livre Sacré de la Piété Filiale 1

11 (religious or civil) (François Noël) (Sinensis imperii libri classici sex) Filialis Observantia Hiao Kim (Noël, 1711, pp ) 2010b (Joseph de Prémare)

12 68 (les œuvres littéraires) 2 (les œuvres Impériales) a Amiot et al., 1779, pp (Louis XIV, ) (Mathématiciens du Roy) (les missionnaire de Pé-kin) (Societatis JESU Missionario) Hiao-King, ou Livre Canonique sur la Piété filiale (Doctrine ancienne et nouvelle des Chinois sur la piété filiale) 2 (Doctrine ancienne et nouvelle des Chinois sur la piété filiale)

13 69 (Mémoires concernant l histoire, les sciences et les arts des Chinois) (Amiot et al., 1779, pp ) (l Empereur est le Père & la Mère) (Cibot, p. 2) (Tseou-y, 1733) La Piété Filiale de l Empereur 1690 (le religieux) (le politique) (le civil) (le domestique) (Cibot, 1779, p. 60) (la vertu nationale des Chinois) (l'etat, c'est moi!) (Le Roi Soleil)

14 a (George Macartney) (The Chinese Repository, ) (Morrison Education Society, founded in 1835) 1835 Heaou King or Book of Filial Duty (Bridgman, 1835b, pp ) (Heaou King, Seaou Heŏ, ching wăn) (Heaou King, Seaou Heŏ, tswan choo) (Seaou Heŏ te choo ta ching)

15 71 ( Lessons for the Young ) (Bridgman, 1835b, p. 345) (Bridgman, 1835a, p. 9) (Lazich, 2000, pp ) 2012b (Friedrice Max Müller) 1873 (Introduction to the Science of Religion) (He who knows one, knows none) (Charles Robert Darwin) (On the Origin of Species, 1859)

16 72 (the Sacred Books of the East) (the Sacred Books of China) 1879 Deus 2011a

18 (Jean Pierre Abel-Rémusat) (Collège de France) 2011b (Alvaro Semedo) (The History of That Great Renowned Monarchy of China, London, 1655) (Louis Lecomte) (Memoirs and Observations Topographical, Physical, Mathematical, Mechanical, Natural, Civil, and Ecclesiastical Made in Late Journey through the Empire of China, London, 1697) Juan González de Mendoza, The Historie of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China, Translated out of Spanish by R. Parke (London: Wolfe for Edward White, and are to be sold at the little north doore of Paules, at the signe of the Gun, 1588) 1781 (Lettres edifiantes et curieuses, )

19 (Hans Kuijper) (Sinology) (Science) (systematised knowledge) (principia sinologica) Kuijper, 2000, p. 331 (unique)

20 76 (Herbert Franke) (European Sinology) (international) (national style) (Franke, 1995, pp ) Jullien, (sinologie comme méthode)

21 Jullien & Marchaisse, 2010, p. 245, François Jullien (l'altérité) (commun) (L entre comme outil) François Jullien 5 Blaise Pascal (Lequel est le plus croyable des deux? Moïse ou la Chine?) Blaise Pascal, Pensées, Section IX, 593, édition Brunschvicg (Paris, 1897), p. 132 Paul Rule, The Jesuit and the Beginning of Scientific Sinology, in K ung-tzu or Confucius, pp

22 78 (Jean F. Billeter) (Anne Cheng) Halpern, (Wolfgang Kubin) (Being) (l impasse de la sinologie) Anne Cheng, La Pensée en Chine aujourdhui (Paris: Gallimard, 2007) François Jullien

23 (Penser d un dehors) 7 Curious Land Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of Sinology 8

24 80 (Jullien & Marchaisse, 2000) (the second order research) (corpus scientiarum) (studium sinologicum) (modern sinology) (Ricci s formula) (Mungello, 1985, p. 358) (Before European Hegemony) Janet Abu-Lughod (The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation) (Hobson, 2004, cover page)

25 81 (Intercultural-discipline)

26 : 2001 Matteo Ricci & Nicolas Trigault François Jullien (L écart et l entre : Ou comment penser l altérité culturelle entre la Chine et l Europe) François Jullien

27 François Jullien Confucian Ru a b a b

28 a b (Sinologia, quo vadis? Polémique sur la sinologie actuelle) W. Kubin (The study of China, a critical assessment) Hans Kuijper 方法としての中国 Amiot, J. -M., Bourgeois, F., Cibot, P. -M., Kao, A., Batteux, C., & Brequigny, M. (1779). Mémoires concernant l histoire, les sciences, les arts, les mœurs, les usages, & c. des Chinois: Par les Missionnaires de Pékin, 4. Paris: Nyon aîsné. Amiot, J. -M. et al. (Eds.) (1783). Mémoires concernant l histoire, les sciences, les arts, les

29 85 moeurs, les usages, & c. des Chinois: Par les Missionnaires de Pékin, 9. Paris: Nyon aîsné. Amiot, J. -M., (1786). Vie de Confucius: VIE de KOUNG-TSÉE, appelé vulgairement CONFUCIUS. In J. M. Amiot et al. (Eds.), Mémoires concernant l histoire, les sciences, les arts, les mœurs, les usages, & c. des Chinois: Par les Missionnaires de Pékin, 12 (pp ). Paris: Nyon aîsné. Bridgman, E. C. (1835a). Education among the Chinese. The Chinese Repository, 4(1), Bridgman, E. C. (1835b). Heaou king, or filial duty: Author and age of the work; its character and object; a translation with explanatory notes. The Chinese Repository, 4(8), Brunschvicg, L. (1897). Pensées (Blaise Pascal). Paris: Hachette. (Original work published 1669) Cheng, A. (2007). La Pensée en Chine aujourdhui. Paris: Gallimard. Cibot, P. -M. (1779). Doctrine ancienne et nouvelle des Chinois sur la piété filiale. In J. M. Amiot et al. (Eds.), Mémoires concernant l'histoire, les sciences, les arts, les murs, les usages des Chinois, par les missionnaires de Pé-kin, 4 (pp ). Paris: Nyon aîné. Couplet, P. (1687). Confucius sinarum philosophus. Paris: Danielem Horthemels. Franke, H. (1995). In search of China: Some general remarks on the history of European sinology. In M. Wilson & J. Cayley (Eds.), Europe studies China: Papers from an international conference on the history of European sinology (pp ). Taipei: The Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundatoin for International Scholarly Exchange, Han-Shan Tang Books. Halpern, C. (2009, May). La pensée chinoise par-delà les fantasmes. Sciences Humaines, 204. Retrieved from

30 86 Hobson, J. M. (2004). The eastern origins of western civilisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jensen, L. M. (1997). Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese traditions & universal civilization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Jullien, F. (1995). Le Détour et l Accès. Paris: Grasset. Jullien, F., Marchaisse, T. (2000). Penser d un dehors (la Chine) : Entretiens d Etrêmeoccident. Paris: Seuil. Kuijper, H. (2000). Is sinology a science?. China Report, 36(3), Lazich, M. C. (2000). E. C. Bridgman ( ), America s first missionary to China. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press. Lecomte, L. (1697). Memoirs and observations topographical, physical, mathematical, mechanical, natural, civil, and ecclesiastical made in late journey through the empire of China. London: Benj. Tooke and Sam. Buckley. Lee, C. -Y. (2007). Integration of foreign culture with local culture: The icons of Confucius in Mémoires concerant les Chinois ( ) in France. Sino-Christian Studies, 4, Meynard, T. (2011). Confucius sinarum philosophus (1687): The first translation of the Confucian classics. Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu. Mungello, D. E. (1983). The first complete translation of the Confucian Four Books in the West. International symposium on Chinese Western cultural interchange in commemoration of the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Matteo Ricci, S. J. (pp ). New Taipei: Fu-Jen Catholic University. Mungello, D. E. (1985). Curious land: Jesuit accommodation and the origins of sinology. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. Mungello, D. E. (1991). Confucianism in the Enlightenment: Antagonism and collaboration between the Jesuits and the philosophes. In H. C. Thomas

31 87 (Ed.), China and Europe: Images and influences in sixteenth to eighteenth centuries (pp ). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. Noël, F. (1711). Sinensis imperii libri classici sex. Pragae: J. J. Kamenicky. Parke, R. (1588). The history of the great and mighty kingdom of China (J. G. de Mendoza). London: Wolfe for Edward White. (Original work published 1585) Ricci, M., & Trigualt, N. (1615). De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu. Augsburg: Apud Christoph Mangium. Rule, P. (1986). K'ung-tzu or Confucius?: The Jesuit interpretation of Confucianism. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin. Semedo, A. (1655). The history of that great renowned monarchy of China. London: E. Tyler for I. Crook. Standaert, N. (1999). The Jesuits Did NOT manufacture Confucianism. East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine, 16,

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