2003 3,, :, ;, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (), (),, (), : 9,,, 1992 See also, :,, 1935, 80, () (, 1985 ) 71 90,,,,, :, Xin R

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1 ,,,,,,,,,,,, 1959, ;, 1973,, ( ),,,, 2001,,,,,,, (2 ) ( 1 ) (27 ) (267 ) ( 28 ), 99

2 2003 3,, :, ;, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (), (),, (), : 9,,, 1992 See also, :,, 1935, 80, () (, 1985 ) 71 90,,,,, :, Xin Ren, Tradition of the Law and Law of the Tradition : Law, State, and Social Control in China. Greenwood Press, 1997, p. 41.,,, ((),, 1975 ) 96 97

3 ,, 20,,,,, :,,?,, : ( ), ( ),,,,,, X, X, X,, (incentive mechanism),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (), ,,,,,, :, (, 2001 ) :,, 2002 (,, 1984 ) 35 ; P (,, 1999 ) :,,, 1994, 21 See Tom R. Tyler, Why People Obey the Law. Yale University Press, 1990, pp ;,, 1986,

4 (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,, 3 8 (1),,,? 1 ( ) ( %) (AD 2) (AD 157) (AD 609) (AD 755) ( ) (AD 1083) (AD 1291) ( ) (AD1381) ( ) (AD 1474) 0113,,,,,,,,,, Richard A. Posner, The Ecoonomics of Justice. Harvard University Press, 1983, pp C :,,, 1994, (, ) 26 (,, 1962 ) 102 ; (, 1980 ) 4 8 ;, (, 1995 ) ; 6

5 ,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,, (gossip ),,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, : (1) ; (2) ; (3), ; (4),, :, 6 See Armen Alchian and Harold Demsetz, Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization. Economic Review, vol. 62, pp ( ), Richard A. Posner, The Ecoonomics of Justice, supra note ;, (gossip), Sally Engle Merry, Rethinking Gossip and Scandal, in Donald Black (ed. ), Toward a General Theory of Social Control. Academic Press, 1984 ;,, American

6 2003 3,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,, ( ),,,, :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, 1985 ) 3 5, ;

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8 2003 3,, ( ), ( ), ; (),,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, a 3, y (a 3 ), y (a 3 ), y (a 3 ),, (0 ), a 3,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, Armen Alchian and Harold Demsetz, Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization. Review, vol. 62, pp See Bengt Holmstrom, Moral Hazard in Teams. Bell Journal of Economics, 1982, vol. 13, pp ,,, (, 1998 ) ,,,, American Economic

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12 2003 3,,, ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, (, 2000 ) 141 (, 1963 )

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15 ABSTRACTS Confucian canons and official chronicles. Yet Rong Cheng Shi,Zi Gaoand Tang Yu Zhi Dao ( The Way of Tang Yu), a bamboo document unearthed at Guodian, Hubei province, share a similar preference for abdication over hereditary succession, and common regret about what happened between Yu and his son. They represent a Confucian thought somewhere between Confucius and Mencius. After the abdication in the State of Yan and Mencius came to focus on the relationship of wang dao (the kingly way, or the way of moral power) and ba dao (the way of the despot), the highlight on the di (Lord on High) and wang dichotomy seemed out of date. Influenced by Confucian canons, the official chronicles tended to conceal the darker side of things just as the former did. None of the above mentioned events were recorded in Confucian canons or official chronicles. There was something more idealistic and critical in earlier Confucianism than its later affirmation of Tang s revolution and the politics of wang dao. (8) Socio2Political Changes and Inequality of Educational Opportunity Li Chunling 86 During the past 60 years, there were two different trends in the effects of education on inequality in China. In the period before 1978, education played an increasingly important role in the formation of an egalitarian society. After 1978, however, this trend has been altered markedly. The effects of social origins and institutional factors on educational attainment have been increasingly obvious, and the inequality of educational opportunity has been rising. Based on data from a national survey, we investigate and compare the two trends of educational inequality in different periods. The author suggests that changes in government policy and ideology led to a transition in educational attainment patterns. (9) Information, Incentive and Joint Responsibility : A Legal and Economic Interpretation of Lian Zuo and Bao2jia Systems in Ancient China Zhang Weiying Deng Feng 99 As an efficient instrument of social control, law is in itself a result of man s prolonged games. However, Chinese traditional systems such as lian zuo ( guilt by association applied to families or a close kin of a criminal) and baojia (household collective security) have long been criticized by the intellectual community. In this article, we examine incentive mechanisms and joint responsibility in these systems, as well as steady improvement in their application. The systems served as an effective incentive mechanism in early times when state control was weak and information flow seriously asymmetrical. Joint responsibility played an important role under asmall governmentin maintaining state unity and social stability by making effective use of scattered information. The systems are discussed in the article in terms of their application, their role and their impact on other related systems in Chinese history. We also explore the implicit and explicit joint responsibility in the modern Chinese legal system, concluding that information costs play a key role in determining the effectiveness of the legal system. (10) Experts, the Public and Use of Knowledge : An Analytical Frame work for Administrative Rule Making Wang Xixin, Zhang Yongle 113 We interpret the process of administrative rule making as a specific procedure through which various types of knowledge are properly applied to legitimize and rationalize administrative rules. Twoideal typesare 207

227次双周：柯荣柱提要和全文.doc

227次双周：柯荣柱提要和全文.doc 1 * Trust in China: A Cross-regional Analysis * 1 1993 2 100 100 2 Putnam,1993 1998Knack & Keefer,1997 3 20 1998 4 Putnam,1993,1995; 1998; Colman,1988,1995 Social capital Kreps 1986 Fudenberg & Tirole1992