Guidance Quarterly, 51(2), June 2015 繪畫投射技術在兒童諮商中的應用方式與衡鑑功能探討以畫人測驗為例 Application and assessment of adopting Draw-A-Person Te

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1 Guidance Quarterly, 51(2), June 2015 繪畫投射技術在兒童諮商中的應用方式與衡鑑功能探討以畫人測驗為例 Application and assessment of adopting Draw-A-Person Test in children s counseling 1 林思伶 Sz-Ling Lin 1 摘要諮商歷程中, 透過各種隱含投射概念的媒材能促進個案表達自我, 也能協助諮商師理解個案的內心狀況, 尤其諮商對象是語言與認知發展尚未成熟的兒童時, 不同的媒材便成為諮商師與兒童溝通的媒介本文主旨在於嘗試將繪畫投射技術之畫人測驗結合投射測驗的衡鑑功能與表達性藝術媒材的傳遞功用, 並應用在兒童諮商歷程中首先探討投射技術的原理與功能, 說明投射與自我表徵的關係與投射性技術的應用 ; 接著介紹繪畫投射技術在兒童諮商中的優勢, 既有表達性藝術媒材的功能, 也能是評估兒童的衡鑑工具之一 ; 最後則是探討繪畫投射技術之畫人測驗在兒童諮商中的應用方式與衡鑑功能, 嘗試將畫人測驗的施測過程融入兒童諮商歷程, 最後輔以衡鑑功能, 試圖將畫人測驗運用在兒童諮商中產生更大的效益關鍵詞 : Goldner & Scharf, g @gmail.com 42

2 壹投射技術的原理與功能 projection 1989 一投射與自我表徵的關係 Psychoanalysis Jungian Analysis and Therapy Adlerian Therapy Gestalt Therapy 2006Clark, 2008Sharf, 2011 ( 一 ) 精神分析學派 conscious preconscious unconscious Sharf, 2011 f r e e associationthe interpretation of dreams Sharf, 2011 ( 二 ) 榮格分析學派 the conscious level ego individua-tionthe personal unconscious complexthe collective unconscious Symbolism Self word association test complex indicator Sharf,

3 ( 三 ) 阿德勒學派治療 early recollections 2006Clark, 2008Sharf, 2011 ( 四 ) 完形治療學派 Sharf, 2011 projective tests expressive arts therapy 二投射性技術的應用 2008 ( 一 ) 投射技術之投射測驗 2010aHood & Johnson, 2002/2003Teglasi, a Rorschach Inkblot Test, RIBT the Thematic Apperception Test, TATTell Me A Story, TEMAS 2004 Sentence Completion Draw-A-Person DAP House- Tree-Person test, HTP 44

4 ( 二 ) 投射技術之表達性藝術媒材 Teglasi, 1998 ( 三 ) 投射技術之繪畫表達技法 Arteche, Bandeira, & Hutz, L a a k, G o e d e, & A l e v a,

5 貳繪畫投射技術在兒童諮商中的優勢一表達性媒材 : 展開諮商師與兒童對話的橋梁 Laak, et al., 2006 二衡鑑工具 : 諮商師評估兒童生心理狀況的途徑 2012 Fabry & Bertinetti, 1990Laak, et a l., 2006 Saneei, Bahrami, & Haghegh, McNeish & Naglieri, 1993Carroll & Ryan-Wenger, 1999 Matto, Naglieri & Clausen, 2005Goldner & Scharf,

6 參繪畫投射技術在兒童諮商中的應用一實作重點 2010a ( 一 ) 諮商階段初期 a ( 二 ) 探索階段

7 2005 ( 三 ) 工作階段 ( 四 ) 終結階段 1998 二評估解釋 a a b b 2010b a 48

8 2 2010b 參總結 2010 參考文獻心理師法部分條文修正總說明 detail.php?nid= 華人教育發展系列研討會表 b5 49

9 50 表 b

10 發表之論文 2009 諮商與輔導, 諮商與輔導, 教育心理學報,39(3) a 心理測驗 : 理論與應用 2010b 畫人測驗的實作與解讀 2012 測驗學刊,59(1) 中華輔導與諮商學報, 情緒困擾兒童的家庭動力畫表現與敘說之分析研究 2002 諮商與輔導, Tell-Me- A-Story 測驗學刊,52(2) 屏東師院學報, 張氏心理學辭典 2009 輔仁醫學期刊,7(2) 應用心理研究, 諮商與輔導, 教育心理學報,32(2) 藝術教育研究, 輔導季刊,42(3) 諮商與輔導, 台灣藝術治療學刊, 1(2) 台灣藝術治療學刊,2(2) 兒童輔導原理 2003 諮商評量心理學評量工具使用指南 A. B. Hood & R.W. Johnson 心理與教育學報, Arteche, A., Bandeira, D., & Hutz, C. S. (2010). Draw-a-person test: The sex of the first-drawn figure revisited. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37, Carroll, M. K., & Ryan-Wenger, N. A. (1999). School-age children's fears, anxiety, and human figure drawings. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 13, Clark, A. J. (2008). Early recollections and sensory modalities. Journal of Individual Psychology, 64 (3), Cox, M. V., & Howarth, C. (1989). Human figure drawing of normal children and thosewith severe learning difficulties [ A b s t r a c t ]. B r i t i s h J o u r n a l o f Developmental Psychology, 7, doi: /j X.1989.tb x Fabry, J. J., & Bertinetti, J. F. (1990). A construct validation study of the human figure drawing test [Abstract]. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 70, doi: /pms Goldner, L., & Scharf, M. (2012). Children's family drawings and internalizing problems. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39,

11 Jacobs-Kayam, A., Lev-Wiesel, R., & Zohar, G. (2013). Self-mutilation as expressed in self-figure drawings in adolescent sexual abuse survivors. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 40, Kortesluoma, R. L., Punamäki, R. L., & Nikkonen M. (2008).Hospitalized children drawing their pain: the contents a n d c o g n i t i v e a n d e m o t i o n a l characteristics of pain drawings. Journal of Child Health Care, 12 (4), doi: / Laak, J. T., Goede, M. D., & Aleva, A. (2006). The draw-a-person test: An indicator of children's cognitive and socioemotional adaptation? The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166 (1), Matto, H. C., Naglieri, J. A., & Clausen, C. (2005). Validity of the Draw-A-Person: Screening procedure for emotional disturbance (DAP: SPED) in strengthsbased assessment. Research on Social Work Practice, 15 (1), doi: / McNeish, T. J., & Naglieri, J. A. (1993). Identification of individuals with serious emotional disturbance using the draw a p e r s o n: S c r e e n i n g p r o c e d u r e f o r emotional disturbance. Journal of Special Education, 27 (1), doi: / Saneei, A., Bahrami, H., & Haghegh, S. A. (2011). Self-esteem and anxiety in human figure drawing of Iranian children with ADHD. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 38, Sharf, R. S. (2011). Theories of psychotherapy and counseling: Concepts and cases. Tennessee, TN: Broadman & Holman. Teglasi, H. (1998). Assessment of schema and p r o b l e m-s o l v i n g s t r a t e g i e s w i t h projective techniques. Comprehensive Clinical Psychology, 4,

心理與諮商學系大學部課程結構與教學科目表 107 學年度科目修學時開課備科目中文名稱科目英文名稱代碼別分數年級註專門課程 ( 必修 34 學分選修 36 學分, 合計 70 學分 ) ( 一 ) 研究方法初級統計 ( 一 ) Elementary Statistics I 必

心理與諮商學系大學部課程結構與教學科目表 107 學年度科目修學時開課備科目中文名稱科目英文名稱代碼別分數年級註專門課程 ( 必修 34 學分選修 36 學分, 合計 70 學分 ) ( 一 ) 研究方法初級統計 ( 一 ) Elementary Statistics I 必專門課程 ( 必修 34 學分選修 36 學分, 合計 70 學分 ) ( 一 ) 研究方法 702901 初級統計 ( 一 ) Elementary Statistics I 必 2 2 1 上 702902 初級統計 ( 二 ) Elementary Statistics II 必 2 2 1 下 030401 心理測驗 ( 一 ) Psychological Testing I 必 2 2

Guidance Quarterly, 51(2), June 2015 繪畫投射技術在兒童諮商中的應用方式與衡鑑功能探討 以畫人測驗為例 Application and assessment of adopting Draw-A-Person Te

Guidance Quarterly, 51(2), June 2015 繪畫投射技術在兒童諮商中的應用方式與衡鑑功能探討以畫人測驗為例 Application and assessment of adopting Draw-A-Person Te